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"Fungsi ayah dalam keluarga adalah sebagai pencari nafkah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga, sementara ibu berfungsi dalam mendidik anak (Hidayati, dkk, 2011). Ayah yang bekerja penuh waktu akan berkurang interaksinya dengan anak. Berdasarkan artikel menunjukkan bahwa ayah dan anak lebih sering berinteraksi pada saat hari libur dan ketika ayah sudah pulang bekerja yang hanya bergantung pada interaksi secara langsung. Disisi lain, teknologi komunikasi diciptakan untuk mempermudah interaksi antar individu. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang interaksi antara ayah dan anak melalui teknologi komunikasi, khususnya smartphone ketika ayah sedang bekerja.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah smartphone dapat meningkatkan intensitas kedekatan interaksi antara ayah dan anak. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui apakah ayah dapat memberikan sosialisasi kepada anak melalui smartphone dan mengontrol keseharian anak.Artikel ini menggunakan persperktif fungsionalis. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan oleh penulis dengan mewawancarai 3 ayah dan 3 anak berusia 20 tahun keatas yang sama-sama menggunakan smartphone di kota Depok. Temuan yang diperoleh penulis yaitu smartphone dapat merubah interaksi ayah dengan anak, dan ayah dapat memberikan kontrol sosial kepada anak dalam interaksi melalui smartphone. Dalam interaksi ayah dan anak, smartphone juga dapat digunakan ayah untuk mensosialisasikan nilai-nilai kepada anak.

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Function of a father is to support the finance of his family, while the mother functions as a nurturer for the child (Hidayati, et. al., 2011). A father that works full time will have his interaction with his child diminished. Based on an article, it's been shown that fatherchild interaction is more often to occur at holidays and at times when fathers have already got home from work, which depends solely on direct interaction. On the other side, communication technology has been developed to facilitate the interaction of individuals. This article describes the interaction between father and his children through communication technology, especially smartphones, on times when the father is at work.

This research aims to uncover if smartphones can increase the intensity and closeness of interaction between father and his children. Also, this research aims to know if fathers can socialize on his children through smartphones by controlling daily activities of the children. This article uses functionalism perspective. The author used qualitative approach by interviewing 3 fathers and 3 children aged 20 and up that currently use smartphones and residing in the city of Depok. The author finds that smartphones can alter the interaction between father and his children, and the father can provide social control to the children in interaction through smartphones. In interaction between father and children, smartphones can also be used father to socialize norms and values to his children in his interaction."

"Kontribusi TIK pada sistem produksi secara keseluruhan dalam ekonomi dianggapsebagai salah satu faktor pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perekonomian nasional.Tujuan penelititan ini adalah menyelidiki kontribusi sektor TIK terhadap perekonomianIndonesia melalui peran sektor TIK dalam mendorong pertumbuhan sektor lain dengananalisis keterkaitan, analisis nilai pengganda dan analisis matriks kausatif. Lebih lanjut,penelitian ini menyelidiki sumber pertumbuhan sektor TIK dengan mendekomposisisumber perubahan outputnya. Secara khusus, pendekatan input-output diadopsi untukmenggambarkan aktivitas produksi dan difusi sektor TIK pada perekonomian Indonesiaperiode 2000-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selain memiliki penggandaoutput yang besar, sektor Manufaktur TIK juga mendorong ekspor. Hasil dekomposisidiketahui bahwa pengaruh koefisien teknologi sebelumnya memberikan kontribusi yangcukup signifikan terhadap output sektor TIK. Namun, nilai-nilai tersebut telah berkurangdalam beberapa periode terakhir sehingga peran sektor TIK Indonesia sebagai sektor GPTmenjadi kurang optimal

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The contribution of ICTs to the overall production system in the economy is considered

as one of the factors for growth and development of the national economy. The purpose

of this research is to investigate the contribution of the ICT sector to the Indonesian

economy through the role of the ICT sector in encouraging the growth of other sectors

with linkage analysis, multiplier analysis and causative matrix analysis. Furthermore, this

study investigates the sources of growth in the ICT sector by decomposing the sources of

change in its output. In particular, the input-output approach is adopted to describe the

production activities and diffusion of the ICT sector in the Indonesian economy for the

period 2000-2014. The results show that apart from having large output multipliers, the

ICT Manufacturing sector also encourages exports. The results of the decomposition

show that the influence of the previous technology coefficient has a significant

contribution to the output of the ICT sector. However, these values have diminished in

recent periods so that the role of the Indonesian ICT sector as a GPT sector has become

less than optimal."

"Penelitian ini mengenai peran guru pembimbing khusus (GPK) dalam mengembangkan interaksi sosial anak autis di Sekolah Inklusi yang dibahas dari disipilin ilmu kesejahteraan sosial. Umumnya, anak autis memiliki kesulitan untuk melakukan interaksi sosial. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu mengemukakan bahwa interaksi sosial penting untuk dikembangkan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus, khususnya pada anak autis. GPK merupakan salah satu significant other yang membersamai perkembangan anak autis di sekolah. Lebih lanjut, GPK memiliki peran signifikan dalam mengembangkan pola interaksi sosial anak autis, khususnya di sekolah inklusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran GPK dalam mengembangkan pola interaksi anak autis di suatu sekolah inklusi yaitu Sekolah Semut-Semut The Natural School. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui depth interview bersama 5 narasumber di Sekolah Semut-Semut The Natural School, yaitu 3 GPK, 1 guru kelas, dan 1 guru bidang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa GPK memiliki peran penting dalam mengembangkan interaksi sosial. Peran yang diberikan oleh GPK adalah membimbing anak autis dengan antusias, meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak autis di sekolah, membimbing dalam kegiatan serta mengingatkan jika salah, sehingga anak autis dapat berinteraksi dan dapat mengikuti pembelajaran menjadi lebih baik. Selain itu, GPK juga melakukan penyelarasan murid autis dengan murid regular di sekolah dengan cara memotivasi anak autis untuk aktif berinteraksi, memberikan edukasi untuk menerima semua teman, melakukan penanganan jika anak tantrum.

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This study discusses the role of special guidance teachers (GPK) in developing autistic children's social interactions in the School of Inclusion discussed from the discipline of social welfare. Generally, autistic children have difficulty in social interaction. Some previous studies suggested that social interaction is important for development in children with special needs, especially in autistic children. The GPK is one of the significant others that brings together the development of autistic children in schools. Furthermore, GPK has a significant role in developing patterns of autistic children's social interaction, especially in inclusion schools. The study aims to describe the role of GPK in developing patterns of autistic child interaction in an inclusion school, the Ant-Semut School of The Natural School. This study uses a qualitative approach and a descriptive research type. The research data were obtained through a depth interview with 5 sources at Ant-Semut School The Natural School, namely 3 GPK, 1 class teacher, and 1 field teacher. The results of this study show that GPK plays an important role in developing social interactions. The role given by the GPK is to guide autistic children enthusiastically, increase the confidence of autistic children in school, guide in activities and remind them that they are wrong, so that autistic children can interact and be able to follow learning for the better. In addition, the GPK also harmonizes autistic students with regular students at school by motivating autistic children to actively interact, providing education to accept all friends, handling if children are tantrums."

"Depresi merupakan kondisi psikologis yang paling umum terjadi dan banyak memengaruhi wanita, terutama seorang ibu. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menggali dampak kondisi depresi ibu pada fungsi kognisi anak. Namun demikian, hasil penelitian mengenai dampak simtom depresi ibu dalam kaitannya dengan peran figur ayah dalam pengasuhan dan fungsi kognitif anak, khususnya Executive Function (EF), masih ditemukan inkonsistensi. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat kontribusi simtom depresi ibu dan keterlibatan ayah dalam memprediksi EF anak di usia dini. Sekitar 101 anak usia 4-6 tahun beserta kedua orang tuanya diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Beberapa tes EF diberikan pada anak dan kuesioner simtom depresi ibu dan keterlibatan ayah diberikan masing-masing pada ibu dan ayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya simtom depresi ibu yang berkontribusi secara signifikan untuk memprediksi EF anak setelah dilakukan pengontrolan pada jenis kelamin dan usia anak, status bekerja ibu, dan SES. Penelitian ini menggagas pentingnya memperhatikan kondisi psikologis ibu saat akan melakukan intervensi untuk mengoptimalkan EF anak di usia dini.

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Depression is most common psychological condition and affects largely in women, particularly in mothers. Numerous studies have been conducted to specify the impact of maternal depressive symptoms on preschool children cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the result of the studies regarding maternal depressive symptoms in relation to the role of father figure in parenting and children cognition, especially in Executive Function (EF) have found inconsistency. This study aimed to assess the contribution of maternal depressive symptoms and father involvement in predicting children EF. About 101 preschool children aged 4-6 and their parents were involved in this study. Several EF tests were delivered to children, while maternal depressive symptoms and father involvement questionnaire were given to mother and father respectively.

Result found that only maternal depressive symptoms predicted EF performance on children above and beyond the influences of child gender and age, maternal work status, and family socioeconomic level. This study points out the importance to consider maternal psychological condition while targeting intervention for promoting EF in preschool."

"Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) memiliki kemampuan delay of gratification yang rendah. Mereka mengalami kesulitan saat harus menunggu dan menunda kepuasan. Sementara kemampuan delay of gratification diperlukan agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan tuntutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah tentang peran scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory terhadap kemampuan delay of gratification anak dengan DS. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap penelitian dimana masing-masing tahap menggunakan rancangan penelitian explanatory sequential mixed methods. Penelitian kuantitatif tahap pertama bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) korelasi waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial, dan physical pleasure menurut persepsi ibu (2) hubungan dimensi dan tipe scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak dan kemampuan delay of gratification. Penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan delay of gratification anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan rendah saat bermain lego. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dengan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial dan physical pleasure yang dipersepsi ibu. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time anak adalah direction maintenance dan frustration control. Tipe scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time adalah speech disertai gesture. Hasil penelitian kualitatif terhadap tiga orang ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan empat ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah saat bermain lego menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama saat menjalankan tugas delay dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) perbedaan waiting time saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan ketika anak berada sendirian (2) hubungan dimensi scaffolding dengan kemampuan delay of gratification (3) kesesuaian antara model dinamika hubungan antar variabel scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory dan kemampuan delay of gratification dengan data (model fit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waiting time secara signifikan antara saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan saat anak berada sendirian. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan kemampuan delay of gratification adalah direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. Tipe scaffolding speech disertai gesture berkorelasi positif dengan kemampuan delay of gratification. Model teoritis yang diusulkan fit dengan data. Penelitian kualitatif tahap kedua menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi saat menjalankan tugas delay memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Implikasinya adalah ibu disarankan memberikan scaffolding berupa direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration dan frustration control, yang diberikan melalui speech disertai gesture.

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Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a low delay of gratification ability. They have difficulty waiting and delaying gratification. Meanwhile, the delay of gratification capability is needed in order to adapt to environment demands. This study aims to examine the role of scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and the delay of gratification ability of children with DS. This study consisted of two stages of research where each stage used an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. The first stage of quantitative research aims to prove (1) the correlation of waiting time when children perform delay tasks and the ability of delay gratification in the food, social interaction, and physical pleasure domain according to mother's perception (2) the relationnship between dimensions and types of scaffolding in mother-child interactions and the delay of gratification ability. The qualitative research aims to get a description of the delay of gratification ability of children from mothers with high and low scaffolding scores when playing lego. Quantitative data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between waiting time when the child performed a delay task with the delay of gratification ability in the food, social interactions and physical pleasure domain perceived by mothers. The scaffolding dimensions which correlate with children's waiting time are direction maintenance and frustration control. The type of scaffolding that correlates with waiting time is speech accompanied by gesture. The results of a qualitative study of three mothers with high scaffolding scores and four mothers with low scaffolding scores while playing lego illustrate that mothers with high scaffolding scores have children with a longer waiting time while carrying out delay tasks than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The second stage of research aims to prove (1) the difference in waiting time when with mother, with mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child is alone (2) the relationship between the scaffolding dimension and the delay of gratification ability (3) the suitability dynamic models of the relationship between scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and delay of gratification ability with data (model fit). The results showed that there was a significant difference in waiting time between with the mother, with the mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child was alone. The dimensions of scaffolding that correlate with the delay of gratification ability are direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. The type of scaffolding speech accompanied by gesture has a positive correlation with the ability to delay gratification. The proposed theoretical model is fit with the data. The second stage of qualitative research illustrates that mothers with high scaffolding scores while carrying out delay tasks have children with a longer waiting time than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The implication is that mothers are suggested to provide scaffolding in the form of direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration and frustration control, which is given through speech accompanied by gestures."

"Kemampuan interaksi sosial dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan fungsi otak Tunagrahita yang merupakan salah satu tipe anak keterbelakangan mental dan dengan skor social quotient yang rendah. Meningkatkan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak tunagrahita dapat melalui salah satu sarana, yaitu Pramuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak tunagrahita yang ikut Pramuka dengan yang tidak melalui desain penelitian komparatif, sehingga hasil akhir penelitian ini dapat membantu dalam melakukan peningkatan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak di masyarakat nantinya.Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh antara variabel independen (Pembinaan Pramuka) terhadap variabel dependen (Kemampuan interaksi sosial anak Tunagrahita). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 27 anak siaga SLB Nusantara dan SLBN Depok secara total sampling, menggunakan lembar observasi yang valid dan reliable diisi oleh enumerator yang sebelumnya dilakukan diskusi kecil untuk menyamakan persepsi.Uji yang digunakan adalah uji T-independen dan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan interakasi sosial anak yang ikut pembinaan dengan yang tidak.

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The ability of social interaction could help in improving brain function of children with mental retardation and social quotient scores were low. Improve social interaction skills of children with mental retardation could be through one means, namely Scouts. This study aimed to see differences in the ability of social interaction children with mental retardation who were not Scouts through comparative research design, so that the final results of this study could help in making a child's social interaction skills enhancement in public later.

This study examined the influence of the independent variable (Coaching Scouting) on the dependent variable (social interaction ability of children with mental retardation). The experiment was conducted on 27 children stand in SLB Nusantara and SLBN Depok in total sampling, used a sheet of valid and reliable observation by enumerators who had previously filled a small discussion to follow the same perception. Test used the T-independent test and lead to the conclusion that there were differences in the interaction of social skills training with children who did not participate."

"This book focuses on emerging issues in usability, interface design, human–computer interaction, user experience and assistive technology. It highlights research aimed at understanding human interaction with products, services and systems, and focuses on finding effective approaches for improving user experience. It also discusses key issues in designing and providing assistive devices and services to individuals with disabilities or impairment, to assist mobility, communication, positioning, environmental control and daily living. The book covers modelling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis on user-centered design, and design for specific populations, particularly the elderly. Virtual reality, digital environments, heuristic evaluation and forms of device interface feedback of (e.g. visual and haptic) are also among the topics covered. Based on the AHFE 2018 Conference on Usability & User Experience and the AHFE 2018 Conference on Human Factors and Assistive Technology, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, this book reports on cutting-edge findings, research methods and user-centred evaluation approaches."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi informasi semakin pesat dapat mengubah proses bisnis suatu organisasi. Begitu pula di bidang pendidikan, keberadaan teknologi informasi seperti e-learning dapat mengubah bentuk pembelajaran. Sejak tahun 2009, UKSW melalui Biro Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi (BTSI) telah memanfaatkan e-learning. Harapan UKSW dengan adanya F-learn adalah seluruh dosen dan mahasiswa memanfaatkan F-learn secara maksimal. Pada kenyataannya, penggunaan F-learn masih rendah. Berdasarkan data activity logs tahun 2011-2012, hanya 7% dari total dosen yang menggunakan F-learn, dan 2% mahasiswa yang telah menggunakan F-learn. Hal ini memicu rasa ingin tahu mengenai faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi tingkat penerimaan dosen dan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan F-learn.Kerangka pemikiran yang dirancang pada penelitian ini mengadopsi model Academic Discipline based Unified Theory of Acceptance dan Use of Technology (AUTAUT) dengan mengurangi variabel moderator Voluntariness of Use dan Age. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert. Jumlah responden yang didapat adalah 141 responden, tetapi setelah melalui saringan kelayakan menjadi 127 responden.Kemudian untuk pengolahan data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan software LISREL 8.80 untuk menguji hipotesis-hipotesis yang diajukan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan pada model umum, kemudian dilakukan pengujian terhadap setiap moderator, dalam hal ini disiplin akademik, jenis kelamin dan pengalaman.Hasil penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dosen dan mahasiswa UKSW terhadap penggunaan F-learn. Faktor-faktor yang ditemukan mempengaruhi dosen dan mahasiswa UKSW pada model penerimaan umum dan model ilmu humaniora dalam menggunakan F-learn adalah performance expectancy dan effort expectancy. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dosen dan mahasiswa UKSW pada model ilmu terapan, model laki-laki, model perempuan dan model pengalaman adalah effort expectancy.

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ABSTRACTThe development of IT is changing rapidly on the business processes of an organization. So the presence of IT such as e-learning can change the form of learning. Since 2009, SWCU through Biro Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi (BTSI) has been utilizing e-learning. Expectation of SWCU with F-learn is the lecturer and students could utilize F-learn the most. In fact, the use of F-learn is still low. Based on data activity logs in 2011-2012, only 7% of lecturers and 2% of students had used F-learn. This triggers curiosity about factors affecting level of acceptance on lecturer and students in using F-learn.Theoretical framework designed on this research adopted from a model of Academic Discipline based Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (AUTAUT) by reducing moderator variables, which are Voluntariness of Use and Age. Data collection methods used in this research are questionnaires which using likert scale. The number of respondents obtained is 141 respondents, but after through sieve process only remains to 127 respondents. Then to process data this research by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of LISREL 8.80 to test hypotheses posed. The testing of hypotheses is done in general model, then tested towards any moderators, in this research composed of academic discipline, gender and experience.This research result is factors affecting lecturers and students of SWCUthat use F-learn. Factors affecting lecturers and students of SWCU on general model acceptance and studies on humanities’ model in using F-learn are performance expectancy and expectancy effort. While factors affecting lecturers and students of SWCUon the applied science’s model, men’s model, women’s model and experience’s model is effort expectancy."

"ABSTRAKBerangkat dari bencana ekologis Lumpur Lapindo, film Anak-anak Lumpur 2009 mengangkat cerita tragis kehidupan anak-anak Porong, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur dalam menghadapi dampak Lumpur Lapindo, bencana yang telah berusia satu dekade hingga sekarang. Anak-anak Lumpur menempatkan anak-anak sebagai tokoh utama dalam narasi. Film ini memiliki posisi yang penting karena anak-anak korban Lumpur Lapindo belum banyak direpresentasikan di media. Mereka seperti dibungkam, saat suara mereka seharusnya didengar. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui representasi interaksi anak dalam menghadapi bencana ekologis Lumpur Lapindo dalam film Anak-anak Lumpur sehingga di masa yang akan datang pemerintah dapat menentukan kebijakan mitigasi dan adaptasi bencana yang tepat untuk anak- anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, serta analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika naratif Greimas. Dalam film ini, anak-anak menempati berbagai skema aktan, seperti aktan subjek, aktan penolong, serta aktan penentang, serta dengan posisi yang signifikan dalam penuturan cerita. Tokoh anak muncul di setiap narasi dan tahap model fungsional Greimas sebab anak merupakan tokoh utama dalam film ini. Anak-anak direpresentasikan sebagai manusia yang memiliki kepolosan dan tujuan yang moral yang mulia, seperti menyelamatkan ibu tokoh utama yang sedang sakit. Anak-anak juga direpresentasikan kokoh dan mampu menyelesaikan berbagai masalahnya. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa representasi interaksi anak juga merepresentasikan kondisi lingkungan, kemanusian, dan sosial yang mereka hadapi. Di kesimpulan, anak-anak direpresentasikan sebagai kelompok yang polos dan bermoral tinggi, berbakti kepada orang tua, serta mengalami pendewasaan yang cepat karena direnggutnya masa kanak-kanak mereka akibat bencana ekologis Lumpur Lapindo.

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ABSTRACTBased on an ecological disaster Lapindo mudflow, Child of Mudflow 2009 film told a tragic story about the life of Porong rsquo s children in Sidoarjo, East Java, in facing the aftermath of Lapindo mudflow, which has entered a decade years old. Child of Mudflow potrayed children as main characters in the story. This film has an important position because children affected by Lapindo Mudflow have not been represented many times yet. It seemed like they were muted, when they should be heard. The purpose of this journal is to analyse the representation of children interacton in facing ecological disaster such as Lapindo mudflow in Child of Mudflow Anak anak Lumpur film, this journal hopefully can contribute for government in mitigation policy making purposes for kids. Equipped with qualitative method approach, writer analyze the film using Greimas narative semiotics. In this film, children are placed in numerous actans, such as subject, adjuvant, and traitor, moreover children play significance role as part of the narrative. Their characters appeared in every stage of story of Greimas functional model, it is because they played main characters on this film. The children were represented as innoncence human beings with high moral purpose, for instance saving the main character rsquo s ill mother. Furthermore, they were represented as strong and capable in solving their problems. The writer found that representations of child rsquo s interaction were also representing environmental, humanity, and social condition, faced by them. In conclusion, children were represented as innocent and high moralist, devoted to their parents, and they matured too quickly because their childhood were taken from them by ecological disaster Lapindo mudflow."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) terhadap penerimaan pajak di Indonesia. Cakupan analisisnya adalah 34 provinsi di Indonesia dalam rentang waktu tahun 2018 s.d. 2022. Pajak yang menjadi basis analisis adalah pajak pusat yang dikelola oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pusat, dimana proksinya adalah tax ratio (penerimaan pajak per PDRB provinsi), dan proksi TIK nya adalah base transceiver station (BTS) dan penetrasi internet. Pada dasarnya, pengaruh TIK terhadap penerimaan pajak bersifat indirect, sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan metode two-stage least square (TSLS) untuk menguji mekanismenya. Variabel yang menjadi penghubung adalah rasio kepatuhan SPT, karena hubungannya dengan TIK bersifat direct. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode two-step system GMM untuk melihat aspek dinamis dan menguji hubungan antara TIK dan penerimaan pajak secara direct. Hasil estimasi TSLS menunjukkan bahwa BTS dan penetrasi internet menunjukkan korelasi positif terhadap rasio kepatuhan, dan rasio kepatuhan berkorelasi positif terhadap tax ratio. Hasil estimasi GMM menggambarkan bahwa BTS dan penetrasi serta kepatuhan memiliki korelasi yang positif terhadap tax ratio. Sehingga, TIK memiliki hubungan terhadap penerimaan pajak secara indirect dan direct. Oleh karena itu, TIK memiliki potensi yang besar bagi peningkatan kepatuhan pelaporan SPT yang dapat mengarah pada penerimaan pajak di Indonesia.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between information, communication and telecommunication (ICT) and tax revenue in Indonesia. The analysis covers 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period from 2018 to 2022. The focus of the analysis is on central taxes managed by the Directorate General of Taxes, with the proxy for tax revenue is the tax ratio (tax revenue per provincial GDP), and the ICT proxies are base transceiver stations (BTS) and internet penetration. Essentially, the association of ICT on tax revenue is indirect, thus this study employs the two-stage least squares (TSLS) method to test the mechanism. The intermediary variable is the tax compliance ratio, due to its direct relationship with ICT. Additionally, this study uses the two-step system GMM method to examine the dynamic aspects and test the direct relationship between ICT and tax revenue. The TSLS estimation results indicate that BTS and internet penetration show a positive correlation with the compliance ratio, and the compliance ratio positively correlates with the tax ratio. The GMM estimation results reveal that BTS, internet penetration, and compliance have a positive correlation with the tax ratio. Therefore, ICT is related to tax revenue both indirectly and directly. Consequently, ICT holds significant potential for enhancing tax compliance, which can lead to increased tax revenue in Indonesia."