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"Lactic acid bacteria, mainly lactobacilli, play an important role in cheese making. Their role can be divided into starters and non-starters or secondary microorganisms. Lactobacillus helveticus, an obligately homofermenter ..."

"Latar Belakang: Tumor sistem saraf pusat (SSP) meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial dan menyebabkan berbagai gangguan neurologis yang dapat memengaruhi status gizi pasien. Status gizi memengaruhi imunitas bawaan dan adaptif. Pada hampir semua jenis keganasan kadar asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) didapatkan rendah. Asam amino rantai cabang meningkatkan imunitas dengan meningkatkan fagositik neutrofil, proliferasi limfosit, sintesis protein, menjaga jalur pensinyalan yang sensitif terhadap nutrisi. Rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) menggambarkan keseimbangan sistem imunitas dengan inflamasi. Peningkatan RNL dihubungkan dengan penurunan respon imun tubuh, terapi, harapan hidup dan prognosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan AARC terhadap RNL pada pasien tumor SSP.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien tumor SSP yang dirawat di RSCM. Karakteristik subjek berupa usia, jenis kelamin, jenis tumor, defisit neurologis, status performa karnofsky, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status gizi berdasarkan ASPEN, penyakit komorbid, status infeksi, kemoterapi, radiasi, dan atau kemoradiasi, terapi glukokortikoid, asupan energi dan protein, asupan AARC, serta nilai RNL. Dilakukan analisis hubungan antara dua kelompok asupan AARC yang dibagi sesuai median populasi penelitian terhadap RNL.Hasil: Terdapat 66 subjek penelitian dengan median usia 48 tahun, mayoritas subjek perempuan (56,1%), dengan jenis tumor sekunder sebanyak 38 subjek (57,6%). Defisit neurologis tertinggi berupa nyeri kepala (60,6%), proporsi status performa karnofsky terganggu sedang-berat (60,6%). Proporsi IMT estimasi normal sebanyak 34,8%, rerata IMT 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, dengan mayoritas malnutrisi (54,5%) berdasarkan kriteria ASPEN. Mayoritas subjek tidak memiliki komorbid (65,2%), tidak infeksi (80,3%), tidak menjalani kemoterapi, radiasi dan atau kemoradiasi (84,8%), serta tidak mendapat glukokortikoid (71,2%). Rerata asupan energi 1519 kkal, protein 65 g/hari, median AARC 9 g/hari. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL (p=0,047) pada kelompok asupan AARC <9 g/hari (median RNL 4,9); pada kelompok asupan AARC ≥9 g/hari (median RNL 3,1).

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Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors increase intracranial pressure and cause various neurological disorders that can affect the nutritional status of patients. Nutritional status influences both innate and adaptive immunity. In almost all malignancies, low levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are observed. Branched-chain amino acids enhance immunity by increasing neutrophil phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, protein synthesis, and maintaining nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the balance of the immune system with inflammation. An elevated NLR is associated with decreased body immune response, therapy outcomes, life expectancy, and prognosis. This study aims to determine the relationship between BCAA intake and NLR in CNS tumor patients.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study on CNS tumor patients treated at RSCM. Subject characteristics include age, gender, tumor type, neurological deficits, Karnofsky performance status, body mass index (BMI), nutrition status based on ASPEN, comorbidities, infection status, chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation, glucocorticoid therapy, energy, and protein intake, BCAA intake, and NLR values. The analysis examines the relationship between two groups of BCAA intake divided according to the study population's median with NLR.

Results: There were 66 study subjects with a median age of 48 years, mostly female subjects (56,1%), with 38 subjects (57,6%) having secondary tumors. The highest neurological deficit was headache (60,6%), and the majority have a moderately to severely impaired Karnofsky performance status (60,6%). The proportion of estimated normal Body Mass Index (BMI) was 34.8%, with a mean BMI of 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, and the majority were malnourished (54,5%) based on ASPEN criteria. Most subjects had no comorbidities (65,2%), no infections (80,3%), did not undergo chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation (84,8%), and did not receive glucocorticoids (71.2%). The mean energy intake was 1519 kcal, protein intake 65 g/day, and the median BCAA was 9 g/day. There was a significant difference in the NLR values (p=0,047) between the group with BCAA intake <9 g/day (median NLR 4,9) and the group with BCAA intake ≥9 g/day (median NLR 3,1).

Conclusion: BCAA intake is related to NLR values in CNS tumor patients. Higher BCAA intake is associated with lower NLR values."

"Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam.

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Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria.

Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Protein merupakan salah satu nutrisi penting dalam pertumbuhan yang kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh asam amino pembentuknya. Asam amino merupakan bahan baku pembangun semua jenis sel, berperan dalam homeostasis, pertahanan tubuh, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan untuk mendapatkan gambaran profil asam amino meliputi glisin, alanin, prolin, valin, leusin, ornitin, metionin, fenilalanin, arginin, sitrulin, tirosin, aspartat, dan glutamat menggunakan metode LC-MS/MS pada anak undenutrition dan anak normal di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan 60 subjek, penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Desember 2016 sampai April 2017. Sampel menggunakan dry blood spot dan diperiksa dengan metode LC-MS/MS. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan 12 anak undernutrition dan 18 anak normal dengan rerata berat badan, tinggi badan dan ketiga z-score BB_TB, BB_U, dan TB_U didapatkan lebih rendah secara bermakna pada kelompok undernutrition. Hasil CV uji ketelitian within run asam amino dengan LC-MS/MS berkisar 1.76 ndash; 12.03 . Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara profil asam amino esensial anak undernutrition dan anak normal, namun didapatkan perbedaan untuk asam amino non esensial kadar glisin dan glutamat lebih tinggi pada kelompok undernutrition dan bermakna secara statistik.

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ABSTRACTBackground Protein is one of the nutrients needed for child rsquo s growth, of which quality is affected by its constituent amino acids. Amino acids are essential to all types of cells, playing a role in homeostasis, the body 39 s defenses, growth, and development. This study is a preliminary study that aims to determine the profile of amino acids consisting of glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucyne, ornithine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, citruline, tyrosine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid using LC MS MS method in normal and undernutrition child at RSUPN CM. Method This was a descriptive analitic study conducted on 60 subjects, the study was held on December 2016 until April 2017. Sample using dry blood spot and analyzed with LC MS MS method. Result Study subjects consisted of 12 undernutrition and 18 normal children with a mean weight, height, and all z score W H, W A, H A are lower in undernutrition group. Within run result demonstrated a CV amino acid with LC MS MS ranged from 1.76 ndash 12.03 . Conclusion There were no difference between normal child rsquo s essential amino acid profile with undernutrition child rsquo s, but there were difference for non essential amino acid glisine and glutamate gives a significantly higher result in undernutrition group. "

"Daun Moringa oleifera Lam. diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa fitokimia dengan aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstraksi melalui metode infusa (85°C, 30 menit) dan fermentasi menggunakan L. pentosus InaCC B149 (24 jam) dilakukan untuk memperoleh dan meningkatkan kandungan serta ketersediaan senyawa tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur aktivitas antioksidan infusa daun M. oleifera Lam. sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi oleh L. pentosus InaCC B149 melalui metode penangkapan radikal 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Aktivitas antioksidan ditunjukkan oleh pengukuran nilai Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50), yaitu konsentrasi senyawa antioksidan yang mengakibatkan 50% dari senyawa DPPH kehilangan karakter radikal bebasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa nonfermentasi memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 136,24 ± 17,31 µg/mL, 193,13 ± 21,21 µg/mL, dan 127,58 ± 2,57 µg/mL pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, sedangkan infusa fermentasi memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 119,36 ± 8,09 µg/mL, 165,47 ± 0,49 µg/mL, dan 145,18 ± 1,04 µg/mL pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%. Penurunan nilai IC50 sebesar 12,39% dan 14,32% pada konsentrasi 2,5% dan 5,0% menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan infusa, sedangkan peningkatan nilai IC50 sebesar 13,80% pada konsentrasi 7,5% menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas antioksidan infusa.Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf is known to contain various phytochemical compounds with antioxidant activity. Extraction through infusion method (85°C, 30 minutes) and fermentation using L. pentosus InaCC B149 (24 hours) was carried out to obtain and increase the content and bioavailability of those compounds. The aim of this research is to measure the antioxidant activity of the unfermented and fermented M. oleifera Lam. leaf infusion through the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the value of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) which is the concentration of antioxidant compounds that able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals. The results showed that unfermented infusion had IC50 values of 136.24 ± 17.31 µg/mL, 193.13 ± 21.21 µg/mL, and 127.58 ± 2.57 µg/mL at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%, while the fermented infusion had IC50 values of 119.36 ± 8.09 µg/mL, 165.47 ± 0.49 µg/mL, and 145.18 ± 1.04 µg/mL at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%. The decrease in IC50 values showed an increase of antioxidant activity by 12.39% and 14.32% at 2.5% and 5.0%, whereas the increase in IC50 values showed a decrease of antioxidant activity by 13.80% at 7.5%."

"Asam urat merupakan produk akhir dari metabolisme purin. Nilai normal asam urat serum pada wanita adalah 4,0 ± 1,0 mg/dl dan pada laki - laki 5,1 ± 1,0 mg / dl. Kadar asam urat dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah karakteristik responden (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan), asupan zat gizi (purin, protein, vitamin C, lemak, serat, asam folat),gaya hidup (kopi, soft drinks, olah raga, merokok) dan IMT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor determinan terhadap kadar asam urat pada kelompok orang dewasa di Desa Pabuaran Gunung Sindur Bogor. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 66 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2012. Analisis statistik deskriptif pada data numerik disajikan dalam bentuk rata-rata ± SD, sedangkan data nominal dan ordinal dalam bentuk proporsi. Analisis statistik inferensial menggunakan uji t independen, ANOVA, korelasi pearson product moment dan regresi linear ganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan. Rata-rata kadar asam urat responden 4,64 ± 1,19 mg/dl dengan rata-rata kadar asam urat pria yaitu 5,88 ± 1,30 dan wanita yaitu 4,31 ± 0,92. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan merokok dengan kadar asam urat. IMT merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kadar asam urat setelah dikontrol usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, asupan purin rendah, dan asupan vitamin C.

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Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Normal level of serum uric acid for women is 4,0 ± 1,0 mg/dl and for men is 5,1 ± 1,0 mg / dl. An elevated uric acid level can be caused by several factors of which is respondents characteristics (age, gender, level of education, knowledge), nutrient intake (purine, protein, vitamin C, fat, dietary fiber, folic acid), life style (coffee, soft drinks, sport, smoking) and BMI. This research was aim to know determinant factor of uric acid level at group of adult in Pabuaran Countryside, Gunung Sindur Subdistrict, Bogor Regency.

Research design used by cross sectional study with 66 sample. This research was performed on May-June 2012. Descriptive statistic analysis on numeric data were presented as mean ± SD, while nominal and ordinal data in proportion.

Inferential statistic analysis with t test independen, ANOVA test, pearson product moment corellation was performed and multiple linear regression was used to know the dominant factor. Mean uric acid level was 4,64 ± 1,19 mg/dl with Mean uric acid consentration for men was 5,88 ± 1,30 dan for women was 4,31 ± 0,92. gender and smoking was significantly associated with uric acid level. BMI was dominance factor to uric acid level after controlled by age, sex, level of education, low purine intake and vitamin C intake."

"Kadar asam urat dalam darah dan urin yang tidak normal menyebabkan timbulnya berbagai penyakit sehingga dibutuhkan pendeteksian asam urat secara cepat. Penggunaan sensor untuk mendeteksi asam urat secara elektrokimia menggunakan Screen Printed Electrode (SPE) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi asam kadar asam urat secara presisi. Pengukuran luas permukaan aktif elektroda diukur dengan menggunakan teknik siklik voltametri dengan luas permukaan elektroda yang aktif sebesar 87,16%. Modifikasi elektroda dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kronoamperometri terhadap logam Co, Ni, dan Co/Ni pada potensial tetap secara berurutan sebesar -0,9 V; -0,8 V; -0,9 V selama 180 detik. Modifikasi SPE kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Didapatkan pH optimum yaitu pH 7 untuk pengujian asam urat dengan menggunakan bare SPE dan memiliki nilai linearitas sebesar 0,9109. Hasil uji linearitas, nilai LOD, dan sensitivitas yang diperoleh dari modifikasi elektroda Co/SPE, Ni/SPE, dan CoNi/SPE terhadap pengujian asam urat adalah 0,9185, 3,02 x 10-3 M, dan 2049,4 μA mM-1 cm-2 untuk Co/SPE; 0,9923, 0,169 x 10-3 M, dan 9874 μA mM-1 cm-2 untuk Ni/SPE; serta 0,989, 2,34 x 10-3 M, dan 3563,8 μA mM-1 cm-2 untuk CoNi/SPE.

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Abnormal uric acid levels in the blood and urine cause various diseases so that a fast uric acid detection is needed. The use of sensors to detect uric acid electrochemically using a Screen Printed Electrode (SPE) has been carried out. This research was conducted to detect uric acid level with precision. Measurement of the active surface area of the electrodes was measured using a cyclic voltammetry with an active electrode surface area of 87.16%. Modification of the electrodes was carried out using the chronoamperometric technique of Co, Ni, and CoNi metals at a fixed potential in sequence of -0.9 V; -0.8 V; -0.9 V for 180 seconds. The SPE modification was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-Ray Sprectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The optimum pH obtained is pH 7 for testing uric acid using bare SPE and has a linearity value of 0.9109. The results of the linearity test, LOD value, and sensitivity obtained from the modification of the electrodes Co/SPE, Ni/SPE, and CoNi/SPE against testing of uric acid were 0.9185, 3.02 x 10-3 M, and 2049.4 μA mM-1 cm-2 for Co/SPE; 0.9923, 0.169 x 10-3 M, and 9874 μA mM-1 cm-2 for Ni/SPE; and 0.989, 2.34 x 10-3 M, and 3563,8 μA mM-1 cm-2 for CoNi/SPE."

"Pada penelitian ini, asam risinoleat diesterifikasi dengan dry metanol dan katalis KOH dengan pemanasan reflux. Metil risinoleat yang terbentuk direaksikan dengan asam amino glisin dan fenilalanin. Produk lipoamida yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan hasilnya menunjukkan pita serapan ulur N-H dan O-H yang overlaping pada bilangan gelombang 3448,17 cm-1 pada lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 3443,08 cm-1 pada lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Selain itu, muncul puncak serapan medium vibrasi C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1126,47 cm-1 pada lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 1125,23 cm-1 pada lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Hasil uji toksisitas senyawa lipoamida terhadap Artemia salina L. untuk lipoamida glisin-risinoleat menghasilkan nilai LC50 sebesar 4623,45 ppm dan untuk senyawa lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat menghasilkan nilai LC50 sebesar 2658,87 ppm, dimana keduanya merupakan senyawa dengan toksisitas yang rendah karena memiliki nilai LC50 > 30 ppm. Hasil uji aktivitas antimikroba senyawa lipoamida terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba yang cukup kuat pada bakteri E. coli dibandingkan pada bakteri S. aureus.

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In this study, ricinoleic acid was esterified with dry methanol and KOH catalyst by heating under reflux. The methyl ricinoleate formed then reacted with the amino acids glycine and phenylalanine. The lipoamide product formed was characterized by FTIR and the results showed overlapping N-H and O-H stretching absorption bands at wave numbers 3448.17 cm- 1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 3443.08 cm-1 on phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. In addition, the absorption peak of the C-N vibration medium appeared at wave numbers 1126.47 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 1125.23 cm-1 for phenylalanine- ricinoleate lipoamide. The results of the lipoamide toxicity test against Artemia salina L. for glycine-ricinoleic lipoamide resulted in an LC50 value of 4623.45 ppm and for a phenylalanine-ricinoleic lipoamide compound an LC50 value of 2658,87 ppm, both of them were compounds with low toxicity because they have LC50 value > 30 ppm. Meanwhile, the results of the antimicrobial activity of lipoamide compounds against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria showed a fairly strong antimicrobial activity on E. coli bacteria compared to S. aureus bacteria."