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"From sore shoulders to spinal cord injuries, Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3rd Edition provides you with the knowledge you need to get your patients moving again. This practical and authoritative new edition delivers easy access to the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal disorders and other common conditions requiring rehabilitation. Each topic is presented in a concise, focused, and well-illustrated format featuring a description of the condition, discussion of symptoms, examination findings, functional"

"Latar Belakang Operasi sesar meningkat di Indonesia dan dikaitkan dengan nyeri sedang-berat, sehingga memerlukan manajemen nyeri yang efektif untuk mencegah dampak negatif. Mengidentifikasi regimen analgesik, durasi operasi, dan anestesi yang optimal dapat meningkatkan hasil, tetapi studi tentang nyeri pascaoperasi akut dan faktor terkait di Indonesia masih terbatas. Metode Desain kohort observasional retrospektif digunakan, dengan sampel pasien yang menjalani operasi sesar di RSCM pada tahun 2021. Data mengenai kejadian nyeri akut sedang-berat (VAS ≥ 4), regimen analgesik, anestesi, dan durasi operasi diolah dari rekam medis dan kemudian dianalisis. Hasil 55 pasien diikutsertakan dalam analisis. 5 (9%) mengalami nyeri pascaoperasi akut sedang-berat. Analisis uji Fisher terhadap hubungan antara skor VAS ≥ 4 dengan regimen analgesik (p=0,053), anestesi (p=1,000), dan durasi operasi (p=1,000) tidak ditemukan signifikan. Kesimpulan Penelitian prospektif lebih lanjut dengan ukuran sampel yang besar diperlukan untuk memberikan kesimpulan mengenai pengaruh regimen analgesik, anestesi, dan durasi operasi terhadap nyeri pascaoperasi akut pada pasien operasi caesar.

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Introduction Cesarean deliveries are rising in Indonesia and are associated with moderate-severe pain, requiring effective pain management to prevent negative impacts. Identifying optimal analgesic and anaesthesia regimens, and surgery duration could improve outcomes, but studies on acute postoperative pain and related factors in Indonesia remain limited. Method A retrospective observational cohort design was utilised, with a sample of patients who underwent caesarean sections in RSCM in the year 2021. Data regarding the incidence of moderate-severe acute pain (VAS ≥ 4), analgesic regimen, anaesthesia, and surgery duration was extracted from medical records and subsequently analysed. Results 55 patients were included in the analysis. 5 (9%) experienced moderate-severe acute postoperative pain. Fisher test analysis of the association between VAS ≥ 4 score and analgesic regimen (p=0.053), anaesthesia (p=1.000), and surgery duration (p=1.000) was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed to provide conclusions regarding the effect of analgesic regimen, anaesthesia, and surgery duration on acute postoperative pain in caesarean section patients."

"Focused and results-based, this important board review title covers everything that residents need to know when preparing for their Anesthesiology BASIC exam. Written by residents familiar with the exam, its use of bullet points and illustrations enables effective learning and efficient exam preparation. Providing a comprehensive review of all exam topics, the guide uses a clear and focused note-taking style to present 'high-yield' information, enabling efficient study techniques. Bullet points and short paragraphs feature to help rapid understanding, with margin space provided to annotate and add further notes. The helpful format ensures that all exam preparation, including notes from question banks, can be kept in this 'one-stop' review book. Mirroring the BASIC exam requirements, this book covers clinical anesthetic practice, pharmacology, physiology, anatomy, and anesthesia equipment and monitoring. Written by residents for residents, it is an essential preparation resource for the Anesthesiology BASIC exam."

"Insersi jarum spinal dapat menimbulkan nyeri sehingga perlu dilakukan teknik stimulasi kompres dingin guna menurunkan intensitas nyeri yang dialami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas kompres dingin dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri insersi jarum spinal pada prosedur spinal anestesi. Desain yang digunakan adalah quasy experimental dengan pendekatan post test only design non equivalent control group. Sampel terdiri dari 72 pasien dewasa yang terbagi atas 36 orang kelompok intervensi dan 36 orang kelompok kontrol.Analisis data untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kelompok perlakuan (kompres dingin) dan kelompok kontrol (standar prosedur) dengan intensitas nyeri dan menganalisis hubungan variabel jenis kelamin dan pengalaman nyeri insersi spinal dengan intensitas nyeri menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Analisis data untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel usia, ukuran jarum spinal dan kecemasan dilakukan uji Kruskal Wallis.Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan (kompres dingin) dan kelompok kontrol (standar prosedur) dan hubungan bermakna antara variabel kecemasan dengan intensitas nyeri (p<0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna pada variabel usia, jenis kelamin, pengalaman nyeri insersi dan ukuran jarum spinal (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan kompres dingin merupakan intervensi yang terbukti efektif untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri insersi jarum spinal pada prosedur spinal anestesi.

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Spinal needle insertion may cause pain hence cold compress stimulation technique to reduce the intensity of the pain is required. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of cold compress in reducing the intensity of spinal needle insertion pain in spinal anesthesia procedures. The design used was quasy experimental with post test only design non equivalent control group approach. The sample consisted of 72 adult patients divided into 36 intervention groups and 36 control groups.Data analysis is to obtain the difference average of treatment group (cold compress) and control group (standard procedure) with pain intensity and analyze the connection of gender and spinal insertion pain variables and the intensity of pain using Mann Whitney test. Data analysis to obtain the correlation of age, spinal needle size and anxiety variables was conducted using Kruskal Wallis test.Analysis results show that there are significant differences between treatment group (cold compress) and control group (standard procedure) and significant relationship between anxiety variables with pain intensity (p <0.05). The results show no significant association in age, sex, insertion pain experience and spinal needle size (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that cold compress is an effective intervention to decrease the intensity of spinal needle insertion pain in spinal anesthesia procedure."

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""Some patients present with a primary complaint of pain while others complain of pain secondary to a more generalized disease process or procedure. As a healthcare professional, you are trained to diagnose the pathology and then treat it. A patient presents with pneumonia, your work-up supports the diagnosis; you treat it, then the patient gets better. However, another layer of patient care needs more focus in the medical community. If the patient with pneumonia complains of intercostal pain secondary to a violent cough, we have the ability to manage the symptoms of pain effectively, and should not hesitate to do so promptly. Our actions to alleviate pain will not hinder our ability to treat the underlying disease. Yet modern medicine often considers these goals mutually exclusive, with pain management a distance second. As medical professionals, when we have an incomplete understanding of how to treat a condition, we under treat it, erring on the side of do no harm. This book will give you the confidence to confront your patient's discomfort and succeed in conquering the pain"--Provided by publisher."

"Latar Belakang: Pemasangan Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) merupakan prosedur invasif terbanyak yang dilakukan di rumah sakit dan merupakan prosedur yang paling sering menyebabkan rasa nyeri pada pasien. Prosedur yang berkaitan dengan jarum akan menyebabkan kecemasan, rasa takut dan trauma pada pasien, baik pasien anak maupun dewasa. EMLA merupakan campuran antara krim lidokain dan prilokain yang dicampurkan dengan perbandingan 1:1 (2.5% : 2.5%), akan menghasilkan campuran eutektik. Banyak penelitian klinis yang menyatakan bahwa EMLA memiliki efek analgesia pada prosedur pungsi vena dan pemasangan PIVC baik pada pasien anak maupun dewasa. VAD dikembangkan berdasarkan teori gate-control of pain yang bekerja dengan cara menimbulkan sensasi getar pada kulit yang akan menurunkan atau menghilangkan transmisi nyeri ke otak.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji eksperimental tidak tersamar pada pasien yang akan direncanakan menjalani pembedahan mata di kamar operasi Kirana RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama bulan September-Oktober 2018. Sebanyak 56 subjek diambil dengan metod consecutive sampling dan dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Pasien secara acak dilakukan pemasangan PIVC dengan bantuan Vibration Anesthesia Device (VAD) atau dengan krim campuran eutektik (EMLA). Keefektifan akan dinilai dari skala nyeri visual analog scale (VAS) nyeri dan perbedaan frekuensi nadi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan tindakan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji T dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam skala VAS yang dilaporkan oleh subjek dari kelompok VAD 13.65 (10.25-18.17) dan EMLA 12.57 (8.97-17.61) dengan nilai p=0.706. Perubahan frekuensi nadi antara kedua kelompok juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p=0,557). Namun, didapatkan peningkatan frekuensi nadi yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok VAD 2 (-3 -19 ) dibandingkan kelompok EMLA 2 (-3 -16 ).Simpulan: VAD sama efektif dibandingkan dengan EMLA dalam mengurangi nyeri pada pemasangan Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC)

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Background: Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) is the most invasive procedure carried out in a hospital and is the procedure that most often causes pain in patients. Needle-related procedures will cause anxiety, fear and trauma in patients, both pediatric and adult patients. EMLA is a mixture of lidocaine cream and prilocaine mixed with a ratio of 1: 1 (2.5%: 2.5%), which will produce an eutectic mixture. Many clinical studies have stated that EMLA has analgesic effects on venous puncture procedures and the insertion of PIVC in both pediatric and adult patients. VAD was developed based on the gate-control of pain theory that works by causing a vibrating sensation on the skin which will reduce or eliminate pain transmission to the brain.Methods: This is an experimental study that is not disguised in patients who are planned to undergo eye surgery in the Kirana operating room, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital during September-October 2018. A total of 56 subjects were taken by consecutive sampling method and divided into 2 groups. Patients were randomly assigned to PIVC insertion with Vibration Anesthesia Device (VAD) or with eutectic mixed cream (EMLA). Effectiveness will be assessed from pain visual analog scale (VAS) and heart rate frequency differences before and after insertion. Data analysis was performed by T-Test and Mann Whitney test.Results: There were no significant differences in the VAS scale reported by subjects from the VAD group 13.65 (10.25 -18.17) mm and EMLA group 12.57 (8.97-17.61) mm with p = 0.706. Changes in pulse frequency between the two groups also showed no significant differences (p = 0.557). However, there was a higher increase in pulse frequency in the VAD 2 group (-3 -19) compared to the EMLA 2 group (-3 -16).Conclusion: VAD is equally effective compared to EMLA in reducing pain in Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) insertion."