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"Human hair is the subject of a remarkably wide range of scientific investigations. Its chemical and physical properties are of importance to the cosmetics industry, forensic scientists and to biomedical researchers. The fifth edition of this book confirms its position as the definitive monograph on the subject. "

"ABSTRAKKadar kolesterol yang tinggi (hiperkolesterolemia) merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit jantung yang terbesar. Penyakit jantung sendiri masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian di antara penyakit-penyakit tidak menular. Aktivitas fisik adalah suatu kegiatan yang memerlukan ATP dan dilakukan oleh kontraksi serta relaksasi otot skeletal untuk menciptakan pergerakan tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas fisik antara penderita hiperkolesterolemia dan non-hiperkolesterolemia pada karyawan FKUI tahun 2015. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional pada 22 karyawan usia 30-60 tahun yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Data yang diambil dari responden berupa data primer yaitu aktivitas fisik selama 2 hari kerja dan 1 hari libur responden yang dilihat melalui pengisian kuisioner dan data sekunder yaitu rekam medis karyawan FKUI. Kemudian data diolah menggunakan spss 11.5 for windows. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah aktivitas fisik dan kondisi hiperkolesterolemia yang dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara aktivitas fisik pada karyawan dengan hiperkolesterolemia dan tanpa hiperkolesterolemia.

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ABSTRACTHigh level of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) is one of the biggest cause of heart disease. Heart disease is still the number one cause of death between uncommunicated diseases. Physical activity is an activity which needs ATP and done by contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle to create a body movement. The aim of this study is to know the comparison of physical activity between hypercholesterolemia and non-hypercholesterolemia employees of FKUI in 2015. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional method on 22 employees aged 30-60 years were taken by consecutive sampling. Data taken from respondent was primary data as a record of physical activity on two weekdays and one weekend which taken through questionnaire and secondary data which is medical record of FKUI?s employees. Then the data was processed using spss 11.5 for windows. Variables in this study were the physical activity and hypercholesterolemia. This data was analyzed by chi-square test. The result showed no significant association between physical activity in hypercholesterolemia and non-hypercholesterolemia employees"

"Pathology of the human placenta remains the most comprehensive and authoritative text in the field. It provides extensive information on the normal placenta, encompassing physiology, metabolism, and endocrinology, and covers the full range of placental diseases in great detail. Further chapters are devoted to abortions, molar pregnancies, multiple pregnancies, and legal considerations. This sixth edition of the book has been extensively revised and expanded to reflect the most recent progress in the field, and a brand new chapter has been added on artificial reproductive technology. Some 800 illustrations are included, many of them in color. The detailed index has been further improved and tables updated."

"Merkuri merupakan salah satu bahan berbahaya dan beracun dalam bentuk logam berat yang persisten dan bersifat bioakumulatif dalam ekosistem sehingga menyebabkan ancaman khusus bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Salah satu biomarker jangka panjang untuk mengukur merkuri dalam tubuh adalah rambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status pekerjaan dengan keracunan merkuri di wilayah pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) Desa Mangkualam dan Kramatjaya Kec. Cimanggu Kab. Pandeglang tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dengan variabel utama status pekerjaan responden dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut masyarakat dan variabel lain yaitu umur, jarak tempat tinggal, frekuensi konsumsi ikan, buah, dan sayur. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan quota sampling dengan responden sebanyak 43 orang di masing-masing desa. Data penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dari institusi Balai Besar Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (BBTKLPP) Jakarta melalui wawancara terpimpin dan pemeriksaan kadar merkuri dalam rambut di laboratorium. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square serta uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara status pekerjaan dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=0,001 OR=4,825). Hasil analisis uji korelasi Spearman menyatakan tidak terdapat hubungan antara variabel umur dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=0,715), frekuensi konsumsi buah dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=0,201), frekuensi konsumsi sayur kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=2,07), akan tetapi terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara frekuensi konsumsi ikan dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=0,000 R=0,720). Hasil analisis uji chi-square menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara responden yang bertempat tinggal dengan jarak ≤ 261 meter maupun jarak >261 meter dari pengolahan emas dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut (p=0,472).

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Mercury is one of the hazardous and toxic element in the form of persistent and bioaccumulative heavy silvery-white metal in the ecosystem, which causes particular threat to human and environmental health. One of the long term biomarkers to assess mercury inside the body is hair. This study aimed at determining relation between employment status and mercury intoxication of the population by artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Mangkualam and Kramatjaya Villages, Cimanggu, Pandeglang in the year of 2018. This study was an analytic observational study employing cross-sectional design with the main variable of residents employment status with hair mercury levels. Other variables measured were age, residence distance, frequent consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables. The sampling technique was carried out by quota sampling with total of 43 respondents in each village. This study used secondary data obtained from the Jakarta Institute of Environmental Health and Disease Control (BBTKLPP). The data was collected by guided interviews and examinations of mercury levels in hair in the laboratory. The data analysis was conducted by univariate and bivariate with chi-square test and Spearman correlation test. The chi-square test found that there was statistically significant correlation between employment status and mercury levels in hair (p=0,001 OR=4,825). From the Spearman correlation test, it was found that no correlation was obtained between age as a variable and mercury levels in hair (p=0,715), frequency of fruits consumption and mercury levels in hair (p=0,201), frequency of vegetables consumption and mercury levels in hair (p=2,07). However, there was a statistically significant correlation between frequency of fish consumption and mercury levels in hair (p=0,000 R=0,720). The chi-square analysis test found that no significant difference was obtained between respondents whose residence ≤ 261 meter and >261 meter from the artisanal small scale gold mining with mercury levels in hair (p=0,472)."

"Rambut kepala yang tumbuh subur dan lebat mendukung penampilan seseorang. Bila mengalami kerontokan dan tidak segera diatasi dapat menyebabkan kebotakan. Saat ini telah dikembangkan bahan penyubur rambut yang berasal dari alam. Daun murbei yang telah lama dikenal sebagai bahan pencerah kulit untuk produk kosmetika, secara tradisional juga digunakan sebagai bahan penyubur rambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut sediaan hair tonic ekstrak etanol daun murbei dan memperoleh sediaan hair tonic yang stabil dan aman. Hair tonic yang dibuat terdiri dari tiga kadar ekstrak etanol daun murbei, yaitu 4, 8, dan 16% (b/v). Cara pengujian aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut dengan mengoles sediaan pada punggung kelinci jantan galur New Zealand yang telah dibagi menjadi enam bagian perlakuan, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (basis hair tonic), kontrol positif (minoksidil) dan ketiga sediaan tersebut. Pengukuran panjang rambut dilakukan pada hari ke-7, 14, 21, 28, 35, dan 42. Untuk ketebalan rambut diukur dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pada minggu I dan VI, sedangkan kelebatan dan bobot rambut diukur pada minggu VI. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan kadar 4% dan 16% memiliki aktivitas yang setara dengan kontrol positif, sedangkan kadar 8% aktivitasnya lemah pada parameter kelebatan rambut. Sediaan hair tonic ekstrak etanol daun murbei yang dibuat bersifat stabil dalam penyimpanan. Untuk pengujian keamanan menggunakan metode Patch test dan HET-CAM. Hasilnya sediaan hair tonic yang dibuat aman digunakan untuk kulit dan sedikit iritan pada mata.

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A person with lush and healthy hair has a looking good appearance. When hair are lost and were not treated, it can lead to baldness. Mulberry previously known as a skin lightening agent for cosmetic products, traditionally also used for hair growth. The purpose of this research is to analyze the activity of hair growth from hair tonic which contain ethanol extract of mulberry leaves and to obtain a stable and safe hair tonic product. Hair tonic from mulberry leaves was made into three concentration, they are 4, 8, and 16%. Activity of hair growth was tested by applying the product on the dorsal site of New Zealand male rabbits divided into six sections of treatment, namely normal, negative (base hair tonic), positive control (Minoxidil) and three concentrations. Hair length measurements performed on days 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, and 42nd. Hair thickness was measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at week 1st and 6th, while the hair density and weight were measured at weeks 6th. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of 4% and 16% have an activity equivalent to the positive control, whereas the levels of 8% has weaker activity on density parameter. This hair tonic containing mulberry leaves extract are stable at storage. Skin safety test using Patch test was safe and HET-CAM methode showed mild eye irritation."

"Ekstrak plasenta sapi mengandung banyak hormon pertumbuhan dan asam amino yang dapat merangsang perkembangan folikel rambut sehingga berpotensi untuk dijadikan sediaan yang memiliki efek sebagai penumbuh rambut. Tonik dan serum rambut merupakan dua bentuk sediaan kosmetik rambut yang umum di pasaran. Konsentrasi zat aktif yang tinggi dalam serum ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kadar obat yang dapat tersuplai ke kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sediaan mana yang memberikan hasil stabilitas fisik dan uji penetrasi paling optimum diantara bentuk sediaan tonik rambut dan serum rambut. Pada penelitian ini dibuat variasi konsentrasi ekstrak plasenta dalam tonik dan serum rambut yaitu F1 (tonik 5%), F2 (tonik 10%), F3 (serum 5%), dan F4 (serum 10%). Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, bobot jenis, daya sebar, viskositas, stabilitas fisik, dan kemampuan penetrasi menggunakan sel difusi Franz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keempat formula stabil secara fisik selama penyimpanan selama 8 minggu dan berdasarkan hasil uji penetrasi selama 6 jam, persentase protein yang terpenetrasi pada F1 sebesar 41,745±0,260%, F2 sebesar 52,263±8,131%, F3 sebesar 38,512±9,618%, dan F4 sebesar 30,557±0,040%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa profil penetrasi paling baik yaitu pada Formula 2 yang merupakan sediaan tonik rambut ekstrak plasenta sapi dengan konsentrasi ekstrak plasenta sebesar 10%. Secara keseluruhan, sediaan tonik rambut ekstrak plasenta sapi memiliki kemampuan terpenetrasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan sediaan serum rambut.

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Bovine placenta extract is rich in growth hormones and amino acids that can stimulate the development of hair follicles so that it has the potential to be formulated as a product that has the effect of hair growth. Hair tonic and hair serum are two common dosage forms of hair cosmetics on the market. The high concentration of active substances in serum is intended to increase the level of drugs that can be supplied to the skin. This study aims to determine which dosage form provides the most optimum physical stability and penetration test results among hair tonic and hair serum dosage forms. variations of placenta extract concentration in hair tonic and serum were made, namely F1 (5% tonic), F2 (10% tonic), F3 (5% serum), and F4 (10% serum). The tests for each formulation included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, density, spreadability, viscosity, physical stability, and penetration ability using Franz diffusion cell. The results showed that the four formulas were physically stable during storage for 8 weeks and based on the penetration test results for 6 hours, the percentage of protein penetrated in F1 was 41.745 ± 0.260%, F2 was 52.263 ± 8.131%, F3 was 38.512 ± 9.618%, and F4 was 30.557 ± 0.040%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the best penetration profile is in Formula 2, which is a bovine placenta extract hair tonic preparation with a placenta extract concentration of 10%. Overall, the bovine placenta extract hair tonic has a better penetrating ability than the hair serum."