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"This book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted."

"The book describes the general stress responses in microorganisms, plants, and animals to abiotic and biotic, to natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stress responses include the activation of oxygen, the biotransformation system, the stress proteins, and the metal-binding proteins. The potential of stress response lies in the transcription of genes, whereas the actual response is manifested by proteins and metabolites. Yet, not all stress responses are in the genes : micro-RNAs and epigenetics play central roles. Multiple stressors, such as environmental realism, do not always act additively, they may even diminish one another. Furthermore, one stressor often prepares the subject for the next one to come and may produce extended lifespans and increased offspring numbers, thus causing shifts in population structures. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecological and evolutionary effects of stress."

"This paper aims to review some highlights on the effects of environmental stresses on the non-human primate population, particularly, climate change and food limitation that may have resulted in their poor reproductive performance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists more than a third of the world’s primates as critically endangered or vulnerable. Non-human primates, which are the closest biological relatives of humans, are threatened with extinction from human activities and environmental stress. Deforestation is the main problem that intercalates with climate change. Either, indirectly or directly, those extinction factors could interrupt the physiological basis of reproduction among non-human primates. Researches on other species showed that high ambient temperature causing heat stress had harmed there productive performance by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore, the survival, conservation and sustainability of nonhuman primates growing in captivity and in the wild, require more works and researches to be done"

"This book describes how plants have evolved defenses against environmental stress, including synthesis of osmolytes, osmoprotectants and antioxidants, and shows how phytoconstituents, hormones and plant-associated microbes help plants tolerate stress. "

"Fenomena yang menarik di Lingkungan Sekretariat Ditjen Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan, yaitu tingkat kinerja para pegawainya masih belum mencapai tingkat optimal, permasalahan lain juga muncul dimana penempatan pegawai dalam jabatan tidak sesuai dengan kompetensi dan kurangnya motivasi pegawai di dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi kinerja para pegawai dan pada akhirnya berdampak bagi keberlangsungan organisasi. Berbagai penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa kompetensi dan motivasi menjadi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja PNS Di Lingkungan Sekretariat Ditjen Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner terhadap 164 responden menggunakan teknik SPSS 17 dalam pengelolaan data dan pengujian hipotesis.Hasil penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi data empiris bahwa dari analisis statistik parametrik diperoleh hasil: 1. Variabel Kompetensi berkorelasi positip dan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Variabel Kinerja; 2. Variabel Motivasi berkorelasi positip dan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Variabel Kinerja; 3. Variabel Kompetensi dan Variabel Motivasi berhubungan positip dan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja; 4. Ho3 yang menyatakan tidak ada pengaruh antara kompetensi dan motivasi dengan kinerja ditolak. Sedangkan Ha3 yang menyatakan ada pengaruh antara kompetensi dan motivasi dengan kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia diterima.

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The interesting phenomenon in the Environment Secretariat of the Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, which is the level of performance of the employees still have not reached the optimal level, other problems also arise where the placement of employees in the office is not in accordance with the competence and lack of motivation at work can affect the performance of the employees and on eventually impacts the sustainability of the organization. Various studies that suggested that the competence and motivation to be a significant influence on employee performance.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of Competence and Motivation on Performance Civil Services in Environmental Secretariat Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health. This research is quantitative with data collecting questionnaires to 164 respondents using SPSS 17 techniques in the management of data and hypothesis testing.

The results of this study confirm that the empirical data of parametric statistical analysis of the results obtained: 1. Variable Competence correlated positively and significantly affect the performance variables; 2. Motivation variables correlated positively and significantly affect the performance variables; 3. Variable Competence and motivation related positively and significantly affect performance variables; 4. Ho3 saying no influence between competence and motivation with performance declined. While stating HA3 no effect between competence and motivation with performance of Civil Servants in the Secretariat Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia accepted."

"Daging sapi merupakan sumber makanan yang kaya akan kandungan penting bagi tubuh dan populer di berbagai negara, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Konsumsi daging sapi di Indonesia diproyeksi akan terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun. Tren peningkatan permintaan daging nasional tersebut menjadi salah satu pendorong utama pengintensifan produksi daging sapi dalam negeri. Namun, produksi daging sapi menjadi salah satu kontributor dampak lingkungan, terutama peternakan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi di area peternakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar dampak lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh peternakan sapi potong dengan menggunakan pendekatan life cycle assessment. Dari hasil penelitian ini, pengelolaan limbah peternakan berupa kolam penampungan kotoran berbentuk slurry menjadi penyebab dampak lingkungan terbesar di area peternakan. Perbaikan sistem pengelolaan kotoran perlu dilakukan untuk dapat menurunkan potensi dampak lingkungan. Beberapa alternatif rekomendasi perbaikan diberikan beserta risiko dan potensi biaya yang dihadapi dalam pengimplementasiannya. Pengelolaan kotoran solid storage, daily spread, dry lot, dan pengolahan biogas disimulasikan kembali dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan kondisi saat ini. Di antara seluruh opsi perbaikan, pengelolaan kotoran dengan cara penumpukan kotoran padat atau solid storage menjadi rekomendasi perbaikan terpilih karena memiliki rasio biaya termurah dan potensi penurunan dampak lingkungan sebesar 33 persen

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Beef cattle is a food source that is rich in important substances for the body and is popular in many countries, including Indonesia. It is projected that beef consumption in Indonesia will continue to increase every year. The trend of increasing national demand for beef is one of the main drivers for the intensification of national beef production. However, beef production is one of the contributors of environmental impact, especially livestock. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and find out how much environmental impact is caused by beef cattle livestock using life cycle assessment approach. The result of this study shows that manure management in the form of a slurry-shaped manure collection pond is causing the biggest environmental impact in the livestock. Improvements to the manure management system need to be carried out to reduce the potential for environmental impacts. Several recommendation options for improvement are given along with the risks and potential costs encountered in the implementation. Manure management of solid storage, daily spread, dry lot, and biogas are simulated again and then the results are compared with current situation. Among all recommendation options, manure management by accumulating solid waste or solid storage is chosen as the recommendation because it has the lowest cost ratio with the potential for reducing environmental impact by 33 percent."