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"[ABSTRAKAngka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia masih menempati urutan tertinggi untuk wilayah Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan data kasus kecelakaan yang ditangani di IGD Rumah sakit Dr.Cipto Mangunkusmo pada bulan Juli sampai September 2012 terdapat 12,6 % kasus kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kecacatan antomi pada kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di RSUPN dr.Cipto mangunkusumo. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang komparatif dengan sampel penelitian pasien kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di IGD RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sebanyak 173 sampel dari rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria. Didapatkan 57,2% pasien kecelakaam kerja mengalami kecacatan anatomi. faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pernikahan, jenis kecelakaan, kecepatan transportasi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna secara statistik. Faktor determinan kecacatan anatomi pada kecelakaan kerja adalah tidak mendapat tindakan P3K segera (p= 0,04; RRsuaian = 1,57; CI 95% : 1,01 - 2,44) setelah dilakukan adjusment terhadap jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan status pernikahan.

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ABSTRACTOccupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.;Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status., Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pasca mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja, waktu yang dibutuhkan pekerja untuk kembali bekerja bervariasi, dengan berbagai faktor risiko yang berperan terhadap waktu kembali bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan waktu kembali bekerja antara pekerja sektor ekonomi formal dengan informal dan faktor lainnya.Metodologi: Penelitian retrospektif, dengan sampel pekerja yang mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, periode 1 Januari 2013 - 31 Desember 2014. Klasifikasi kecelakaan, tindakan medis, penyakit penyerta serta pembiayaan diperoleh melalui rekam medik. Sosiodemografi, sektor pekerjaan, masa kerja, waktu kembali bekerja diperoleh dari kuesioner. Analisa korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan usia, masa kerja dengan waktu kembali bekerja. Pada faktor risiko juga dilakukan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji-t tidak berpasangan dan ANOVA. Faktor risiko yang memiliki (p<0,25) dilakukan analisa multivariat dengan regresi berganda.Hasil : Diperoleh 61 subyek, mayoritas pria (95,1%), berpendidikan dasar-menengah (85,2%), tidak mendapat jaminan pembiayaan (57,4%), cacat anatomi pada ekstremitas atas (85,2%), melakukan kontrol luka (88,5%), mendapat tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup (91,8%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (88,5%). Sebanyak 33 (54,1%) subyek adalah pekerja sektor ekonomi formal. Waktu kembali bekerja pada pekerja sektor ekonomi formal lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja sektor ekonomi informal dengan rata-rata perbedaan waktu 9 hari (p<0,01). Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja selama rata-rata 11 hari (p<0,01).Kesimpulan: Sektor ekonomi adalah determinan utama waktu kembali bekerja. Pekerja sektor formal mempunyai rerata waktu kembali bekerja lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja informal, kemungkinan berkaitan dengan sosio-ekonomi dan akses pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai pada pekerja sektor formal. Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja secara signifkan.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated with it. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work time between formal and informal workers and other factors.Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care at the Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1st January 2013 - 31st December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage, other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records. Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time were obtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationship between age, working period with the return to work time. Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factors known to have (p < 0,25).Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basic and intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage (57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received wound control care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and did not have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%) subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had a significantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers with mean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11 days of return to work time (p< 0,01).Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to work time. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work time compared to the informal workers, which might be associated with better socioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time., Introduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment dueto occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated withit. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work timebetween formal and informal workers and other factors.Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers withanatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care atthe Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1vii st January 2013 - 31December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage,other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records. Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time wereobtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observethe relationship between age, working period with the return to work time.Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA.Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factorsknown to have (p < 0,25).Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basicand intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage(57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received woundcontrol care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and didnot have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%)subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had asignificantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers withmean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11days of return to work time (p< 0,01). Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to worktime. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work timecompared to the informal workers, which might be associated with bettersocioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time.]"

"Latar Belakang: Jumlah kecelakaan kerja yang masih tinggi dan belum ada studi epidemiologi kasus kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui distribusi kasus kecelakaan kerja di tempat kerja yang ditangani di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dan faktor di tempat kerja yang berhubungan dengan kefatalan cedera. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan cross-sectional dengan cara wawancara dan data sekunder status rekam medis. Didapatkan 131 sampel dengan convenient sampling dari 23 April sampai dengan 16 Desember 2013. Analisis yang digunakan univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Exact Fisher’s Test serta analisis multivariat regresi logistik. Variabel yang diteliti faktor sosiodemografi, riwayat kecelakaan kerja sebelumnya, waktu terjadinya kecelakaan, perilaku kerja tidak aman, kondisi fisik pekerja tidak aman, lingkungan kerja tidak aman dan kinerja manajemen keselamatan tidak aman. Hasil: Distribusi berdasarkan klasifikasi kecelakaan kerja didapatkan jenis kecelakaan terbanyak adalah tertumbuk atau terkena benda, penyebab kecelakaan terbanyak adalah mesin, sifat luka terbanyak adalah luka superfisial, lokasi luka terbanyak adalah ekstremitas atas, bidang pekerjaan terbanyak adalah bidang konstruksi dan pemeliharaan gedung serta jenis pekerjaan terbanyak adalah kelompok pekerja kasar. Persentase cedera fatal 7,6 % dari 131 kasus kecelakaan kerja di tempat kerja. Faktor sosiodemografi pekerja bukan formal didapatkan mempunyai resiko 12 kali mengalami cedera fatal dibanding pekerja formal. Adapun faktor sosiodemografi lain, riwayat kecelakaan kerja sebelumnya, waktu terjadinya kecelakaan, perilaku kerja tidak aman, kondisi fisik pekerja tidak aman, lingkungan kerja tidak aman dan kinerja manajemen keselamatan tidak aman didapatkan tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan kefatalan cedera. Kesimpulan: Faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan kefatalan cedera kasus kecelakaan kerja di tempat kerja adalah pekerja bukan formal.

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Background: The number of workplace accident still high and epidemiological study about workplace accident cases that treated in emergency department in Indonesia has not yet been available. This study is to determine workplace accident cases that was treated in emergency department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital distribution and association between workplace factors with injury fatality.

Methods: Research design was cross-sectional with interview and secondary data from medical records. Sample size was obtained 131 through convenient sampling from April 23 to December 16, 2013. Analysis that conducted are univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Variables that examined were sociodemographic factors, history of previous workplace accident, the time of the accident, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, unsafe management performance, physical condition of the workers.

Results: Distribution of workplace accident classification showed the highest number of workplace accident type was striking against or struck by objects, agency type was machine, injury nature type was superficial wound, injury bodily location type was upper limb, job field type was construction and occupation type was blue-collar workers. Percentage of fatal injury was 7.6 % from 131 workplace accidents and non-formal workers have 12 times risk of fatal injury than formal workers. The other sociodemographic factors, history of previous work accident, the time of the accident, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, unsafe management performance, physical condition of the workers were found no significant relationship with the fatality injury.

Conclusion: Main factor that associated with injury fatality of workplace accident is non-formal workers."

"Penyakit TB lebih berkembang pada masyarakat dengan status sosial ekonomi yang rendah, kelompok terpinggirkan dan populasi rentan lainnya. Salah satu yang termasuk populasi rentan adalah komunitas penderita kusta. Penyakit TB dan kusta banyak ditemukan di daerah beriklim tropis dengan kelembapan udara tinggi, tingkat sosial ekonomi penduduk yang rendah serta status gizi dan higienitas yang buruk. Infeksi kedua penyakit ini dapat terjadi bersamaan pada satu individu dan biasanya terjadi pada pasien imunokompromais. Koinfeksi TB paru pada penderita kusta dapat meningkatkan mortalitas.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi TB Paru pada penderita kusta yang berobat di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo serta mengetahui faktor risiko yang dapat memengaruhi. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, foto toraks dan kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin serta Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam – Pulmonologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2022. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kusta baik sedang dalam pengobatan multi drugs therapy (MDT) maupun telah dinyatakan release from treatment (RFT) yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan bersedia untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Besar sampel yang diperlukan untuk penelitian ini adalah 105 orang. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan perangkat lunak SPSS.Dari total 109 subjek, terdapat 3 orang (2,75%) yang didiagnosis TB paru yang mencakup 1 orang TB paru bakteriologis terkonfirmasi TCM dan 2 orang TB paru klinis. Mayoritas subjek dengan TB paru berusia kurang dari 40 tahun (66,7%), didominasi laki-laki (66,7%) dan seluruhnya berpendidikan rendah. Dari subjek yang memberikan informasi, sebanyak 50% memiliki pendapatan kurang dari 3,5 juta per bulan. Seluruh subjek dengan TB paru mengaku tidak pernah mendapat vaksinasi BCG dan mayoritas mengaku memiliki riwayat merokok (66,7%). Sebanyak 66,7% mengaku tidak ada riwayat kontak fisis, tidak pernah menggunakan barang dan berbincang dengan penderita TB paru. Hanya 33,3% penderita koinfeksi TB paru pada kusta yang memiliki status gizi kurang. Seluruh penderita TB paru pada kusta didiagnosis kusta tipe multibasiler. Dari hasil analisis bivariat, faktor pendidikan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan luaran TB paru. Namun pada analisis multivariat tidak dapat mengeluarkan hasil.

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TB disease develops more in communities with low socio-economic status, marginalized groups, and other vulnerable populations. One of the vulnerable populations is the leprae community. TB and leprosy are often found in tropical climates with high air humidity, low socio-economic levels of the population, and poor nutritional and hygiene status. Infection with these two diseases can occur simultaneously in one individual and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Pulmonary TB coinfection in leprosy sufferers can increase mortality.This study aims to determine the proportion of pulmonary TB in leprosy sufferers who seek treatment at the Skin and Venereology Polyclinic, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, and the risk factors that can influence it. The research design was cross-sectional with a descriptive analytical research type based on the results of laboratory examinations, chest x-rays, and questionnaires. The research was conducted at the Skin and Venereology Polyclinic and the Internal Medicine- Pulmonology Polyclinic, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, in 2022. The sample for this study was leprosy patients who were either undergoing multidrug therapy (MDT) or had been declared released from treatment (RFT) and who met the research criteria and were willing to participate in the research. The sample size required for this research is 105 people. The data obtained was processed and analyzed univariately, bivariately, and multivariately with SPSS software.Of the total 109 subjects, there were 3 people (2.75%) who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB, including 1 person with bacteriological pulmonary TB confirmed by TCM and 2 people with clinical pulmonary TB. The majority of subjects with pulmonary TB were less than 40 years old (66.7%), dominated by men (66.7%), and all had low education. Of the subjects who provided information, 50% had an income of less than 3.5 million per month. All subjects with pulmonary TB admitted that they had never received BCG vaccination, and the majority admitted to having a history of smoking (66.7%). As many as 66.7% admitted that they had no history of physical contact, had never used items, or talked to pulmonary TB sufferers. Only 33.3% of people with pulmonary TB co-infection with leprosy have poor nutritional status. All patients with pulmonary TB in leprosy were diagnosed with multibacillary-type leprosy. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, educational factors have a significant relationship with pulmonary TB outcomes. However, multivariate analysis could not produce results."

"Latar belakang: Infeksi virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) dapat menjadi infeksi oportunistik pada anak dengan HIV. Gejala infeksi EBV sulit dibedakan dengan infeksi HIV dan bersifat laten. Infeksi EBV laten dapat reaktivasi mulai dari gangguan limfoproliferatif hingga terjadinya keganasan. Di Indonesia belum ada data mengenai infeksi EBV pada anak dengan HIV. Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi, karakteristik dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi EBV pada anak dengan HIV di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang untuk melihat karakteristik infeksi EBV pada anak dengan HIV dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, periode bulan September 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Sampel darah diambil untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan PCR EBV kualitatif (whole blood), darah perifer lengkap, kadar CD4 dan viral load HIV. Hasil: Total subyek 83 anak dengan HIV. Proporsi subyek terinfeksi EBV sebesar 28,9%, dengan rerata usia 9,58 tahun. Limfadenopati merupakan gejala terbanyak, meskipun tidak dapat dibedakan dengan infeksi lain. Dua anak mengalami keganasan akibat EBV yaitu Limfoma Non Hodgkin dan leiomiosarkoma. Sebanyak 75% subyek terinfeksi EBV yang berusia di bawah 12 tahun mengalami anemia (rerata Hb 10,68 ± 2,86 g/dL), dapat disebabkan infeksi EBV atau penyebab lain. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan kadar viral load HIV > 1000 kopi/mL berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi EBV pada subyek (OR 2,69 (1,015-7,141); P = 0,043). Simpulan: Proporsi anak dengan HIV yang terinfeksi EBV di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta adalah 28,9%, dengan kadar viral load HIV > 1000 kopi/mL berhubungan dengan terjadinya infeksi EBV pada anak dengan HIV.

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Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected children. EBV infection is difficult to be differentiated from HIV infection, and it can be latent. Latent EBV infection can reactivate into lymphoproliferative disorders and malignancy. There is no data on EBV infection in HIV-infected children in Indonesia.

Objective: To identify the proportion, manifestations and factors associated with EBV infection in HIV-infected children in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital Jakarta.

Methods: Cross-sectional study to examine the manifestations of EBV infection in HIV-infected children and it’s associated factors in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital Jakarta, during September 2020 to February 2021. Blood samples were taken to examine qualitative EBV PCR (whole blood), complete blood count, CD4 levels and HIV viral load.

Results: Total subjects were 83 HIV-infected children. The proportion of children infected with EBV was 28.9%, with mean age 9.58 years. Lymphadenopathy was the most common symptoms, although it was difficult to differentiate from other infections. Two children have malignancy due to EBV, namely Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma. Total 75% of EBV-infected subjects under 12 years of age were anemic (mean Hb 10.68 ± 2.86 g/dL), could be due to EBV infection or other causes. Bivariate analysis showed HIV viral load levels > 1000 copies/mL were associated with EBV infection in subjects (OR 2.69 (1.015-7.141); P = 0.043).

Conclusion: The proportion of EBV infection in HIV-infected children in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital Jakarta is 28.9%, with HIV viral load levels > 1000 copies/mL were associated with the EBV infection in HIV-infected children."

"Partikel halus berukuran ≤ 2,5 µm (PM2,5) diketahui menimbulkan risiko kesehatan terbesar bagi manusia karena kemampuannya untuk masuk jauh ke dalam paru-paru dan bahkan aliran darah. Pekerja di industri pengasapan ikan terus terpapar oleh konsentrasi tinggi PM2,5 yang terkandung dalam asap hasil pembakaran. Asap diketahui mengandung berbagai zat radikal bebas yang dapat memicu stres oksidatif pada organ dan jaringan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan konsentrasi PM2,5 di lingkungan kerja dengan kadar MDA yang merupakan salah satu biomarker stres oksidatif. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah Cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah pekerja di pengasapan ikan Bandarharjo Semarang sejumlah 104 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara, pengambilan sampel darah untuk uji kadar MDA, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar MDA dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 (p=0,007), konsumsi alkohol (p=0,022) dan masa kerja (p=0,019). Konsentrasi PM2,5 di rumah pengasapan skala kecil lebih tinggi dibanding rumah skala sedang dan besar. Sedangkan rata-rata kadar MDA pekerja adalah sebesar 0,996 µg/mL (95% CI 0,869-1,145). Adapun dari hasil Regresi Logistik Ganda diperoleh bahwa pekerja yang terpapar PM2,5 konsentrasi tinggi berisiko 4,433 kali untuk memiliki kadar MDA di atas rata-rata setelah dikontrol oleh variabel IMT, konsumsi alkohol, masa kerja, dan lama kerja. Temuan ini perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan meningkatkan pembinaan kepada pekerja, melakukan perbaikan sirkulasi udara di ruang pengasapan, dan pengaturan jam kerja pekerja, sehingga risiko kesehatan dapat diminimalisasi.

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Fine particles with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) are known to pose the greatest health risk to humans because of their ability to enter deeply into the lungs and even the bloodstream. Workers in the fish smoking industry continue to be exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5 contained in combustion fumes. Smoke is known to contain various free radical substances that can trigger oxidative stress in the organs and tissues of the body. This study aims to analyze the relationship of PM2.5 concentration in the work environment with MDA levels which is one of the biomarkers of oxidative stress. The study design used was Cross-sectional. The research subjects were 104 workers in Bandarharjo fish smoking industry in Semarang. Data collection was carried out through measurements of PM2.5 concentrations in the air, blood sampling for MDA levels, and questionnaires. The results showed a significant relationship between MDA levels and PM2.5 concentrations (p=0.007), alcohol consumption (p=0.022) and years of work (p=0.019). PM2.5 concentrations in small-scale smoke houses were higher than medium and large scale houses. While the average MDA level of workers is 0.996 µg/mL (95% CI 0.869-1.145). As for the results of the Multiple Logistic Regression, it was found that workers exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5 risk 4,433 times to have MDA levels above the average after being controlled by BMI variables, alcohol consumption, years of work, and duration of work. This finding needs to be followed up by increasing coaching to workers, improving air circulation in the smoking room, and regulating workers' working hours, so that health risks can be minimized."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat penting karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang tinggi. Insidens PJK pada wanita lansia cenderung meningkat. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor- faktor risiko terhadap kejadian PJK pada wanita lansia di RSUP Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 136 responden.Hasil analisa multivariat didapatkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan terjadinya PJK adalah usia (OR=3,64 ). Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan khususnya bagi wanita lansia untuk mencegah faktor- faktor risiko terjadinya PJK sehingga kejadian PJK pada wanita dapat menurun.

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Coronary heart disease is a serious health problem that has high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of elderly women who have heart attack are increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze risk factors to coronary heart disease on elderly women at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta. This study used descriptive analysis design with cross-sectional approach, and 136 respondents were recruited.The finding of the study showed that age was the most predominant factor to coronary heart disease (OR=3,64). Based on the study, it is suggested that nurses need to improve their knowledge and skill in providing health education to prevent risk factors to coronary heart disease. So the incidence of coronary heart desease among elderly women can be decreased."