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"[Konsep hegemoni seringkali digunakan dalam mempelajari ilmu hubunganinternasional, khususnya dalam istilah sistem internasional dan stabilitasinternasional. Konsep tersebut secara umum digunakan dalam media yangmembahas politik internasional. Namun terdapat kecenderungan bahwa adanyakekurangan keseragaman dalam memahami hegemoni secara umum. Ulasanliteratur ini memiliki sasaran untuk memperdalam inti dari konsep tersebut, yaituterkait pembuatannya. Untuk menjelaskan pembentukannya, ulasan inimengembangkan empat klasifikasi terkait bagaimana konsep hegemoni dapatterbentuk, yaitu prasyarat, karakteristik, ekspresi, dan sikap Negara-negarabawahan. Kemudian, tiga tipologi akan dikembangkan dari proses ini, seperipandangan Realis-Liberalis, pandangan Struktural, dan pandangan Rezim.Berbagai tipologi tersebut selanjutnya diimplementasikan dalam mempelajariperkembangan konsep hegemoni secara kronologis. Melalui studi secarakronologis, ulasan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perubahan tren dalambagaimana pembentukan hegemoni dipandang, yang mana pada awalnyacenderung berfokus pada material power yang kemudian berkembang menjadibentuk hegemoni yang lebih kooperatif dan lebih lunak. Variasi dalam memahamipembentukan hegemoni dan juga bagaimana hal tersebut berubah seiring waktutersebut menunjukkan mengapa penggambaran dari hegemoni itu sendiriseringkali tidak terdapat kesatuan. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana duniapolitik kontemporer lebih berfokus pada perilaku multilateral dan kooperatifantara negara-negara daripada negara tunggal dalam jumlah yang lebih besar.Pada akhirnya, ulasan ini mengusulkan bahwa perkembangan terkini dari konsephegemoni dapat digunakan oleh negara-negara berkembang demi keuntunganmereka sendiri.;The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits.;The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits., The concept of hegemony is often used in studying international relations,especially in terms of international system and international stability. It is acommonly used term in news of international politics. Nevertheless, itsconception is often not fully understood by those who use the term. It seems likethere is lack of uniformity in the common understanding of hegemony. Thisliterature review aims to deepen the core of the concept, which is its constitution.In order to explore its constitution, this review develops four classifications inhow hegemony is constituted, which are preconditions, characteristics, expression,and attitude of the subordinate states. Three typologies are developed from thisprocess, which are Realist-Liberalist view, Structural view, and Regime view.These typologies are then implemented in studying the development of theconcept of hegemony chronologically. Through the chronological study, thereview found that there was a change of trend in how the constitution ofhegemony is viewed, which initially tended to focus on material power whichlater developed into more softer, cooperative form of hegemony. The variation inunderstanding of the constitution of hegemony and also how it changed along thetime shows why the conception of hegemony is often not unitary. It also showedwhy the contemporary world politics focuses more on cooperative and multilateralbehaviors between states rather than preponderance of a single state. As a result,the review suggests that the current development of concept of hegemony couldbe utilized by the developing countries to their benefits.]"

"Kawasan Bawomataluo di Kabupaten Nias Selatan terdapat daya tarik wisata yang unik dan langka di dunia. Daya tarik wisata ini berupa rumah adat, atraksi lompat batu, situs megalitik, tarian tradisional, dan hasil kerajinan. Keunikan seni budaya ini ternyata kurang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah, pengusaha, dan masyarakat karena ada konflik kepentingan di antara stakeholder tersebut. Akibatnya, situs budaya banyak yang rusak dan dialihfungsikan sebagai tempat jemuran, serta sebagian sudah dihancurkan oleh masyarakat. Pelestarian daya tarik wisata budaya ini terkendala karena pemerintah menjalankan kebijakannya secara hegemonik, sehingga masyarakat melakukan perlawanan (kontrahegemoni). Permasalahannya adalah "bagaimana praktik hegemoni dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata budaya Bawomataluo, Kabupaten Nias Selatan, Sumatera Utara?"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktik hegemoni dan bermanfaat untuk pengembangan daya tarik wisata budaya serta menjadi reerensi bagi ilmu pengetahuan budaya di Indonesia. Artikel ini dianalis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan perspektif kajian budaya serta dikaji dengan teori hegemoni, teori kekuasaan/pengetahuan, dan teori praktik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi praktik hegemoni dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata budaya Bawomataluo melalui: wacana pemerintah dalam pengembangan seni budaya, kontrol pemerintah dalam regulasi pembiayaan pelestarian budaya, kekuasaan DPRD dalam mempolitisasi APBD untuk pemeliharaan situs budaya, kebijakan bupati dalam mengubah dinas pariwisata dan kebudayaan, dan kewenangan kepala desa dalam menata kawasan wisata budaya Bawomataluo. Agar kawasan wisata budaya Bawamataluo berkembang maksimal diharapkan kerja sama yang baik antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan penguasa secara berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, kawasan wisata budaya Bawomataluo dapat berkembang tanpa praktik hegemoni dan praktik kontra-hegemoni, sehingga pelestarian budaya dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan."

"Film digunakan sebagai media untuk mengirimkan pesan kepada audiens. Topik film biasanya adalah sebuah refleksi dari apa yang terjadi di dunia nyata. Pembuat film Elysium, Neil Blomkamp, membuat film yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana masyarakat berkehidupan di sekitar kita. Oleh karena itu, untuk menganalisis bagaimana film Elysium berkontribusi terhadap kritikan isu terkait dengan hegemoni, kekerasan, dan perbedaan kelas sosial, riset ini akan menganalisis elemen sinematik dan tema utama dari Elysium, terutama di sekitar sistem politik dan kesehatan dalam film. Terdapat juga tujuh karakter dari kelas sosial yang berbeda yang akan di inspeksi. Elemen-elemen tersebut akan dijelaskan oleh dua teori: pertama oleh mise-en-scene, dan kedua oleh analisis semiotik. Selain itu, riset ini mendiskusikan bagaimana film Elysium menjadi representasi dari terobosan penting dalam representasi kelas sosial menengah. Temuan yang terdapat di riset ini menganjurkan bahwa hegemoni di Elysium direpresentasikan oleh perbedaan kontras dalam kondisi kehidupan seperti kesehatan, imigrasi, karakteristik militer, bahasa, dan perbedaan kontras visual dari kedua tempat. Hegemoni mengakibatkan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan dan persekusi, membuat kekerasan tidak dapat dihindari yang membuat kehidupan masyarakat kelas sosial menengah, perempuan dan anak-anak sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan dari protagonis dan antagonis.

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Movies are being used as a medium to deliver a message to the audience. The topics, more often than not, are usually a reflection of what happens in real life. The maker of the movie Elysium, Neil Blomkamp, crafted a movie to mirror how society is shaped around us. Therefore, to examine how the movie Elysium serves as a criticism of the issues related to hegemony, violence, and class disparity in our society, this study analyzed cinematic elements and main themes of Elysium, mainly around the politics and healthcare system in the story. There are also seven characters of different social classes from the movie that were inspected. Such elements are addressed by two means: first by mise-en-scene, and second by semiotic analysis. In addition, this research discusses how the Elysium film represented an important breakthrough in middle-class representation. The findings presented in this study suggest that the hegemony in Elysium is represented by the contrasting difference in the living conditions such as healthcare, immigration, military characteristics, language, and the visual contrasts of the two places. The hegemony results in power abuse and mistreatment, which create inevitable violence that sees the lives of middle-class society, women and children as mere throwaway tools to attain the goals of both the protagonists and antagonists."

"[ ABSTRAKMaraknya komunitas televisi swasta membawa banyak dampak dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik positif atau negatif. Kehadiran mereka pun sering menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat. Pada satu sisi masyarakat dipuaskan oleh kehadiran mereka yang menayangkanhiburan dan memberikan informasi, namun di sisi lain mereka pun tidak jarang menuai kecaman dari masyarakat karena tayangan-tayangan mereka yang kurang bisa diterima oleh masyarakatataupun individu-individu tertentu. Selain itu, dunia televisi (TV) sekarang ini berkembang menjadi industri budaya, alhasil televisi harus menghadapi pangsa pasar yang tercipta. Dalam era kapitalis, pasar menuntut adanya komoditi yang bisa dipertukarkan, alias diperjualbelikan. Menjamurnya program favorit pemirsa, yaitu infotainment, menjadi suatu hegemoni di pertelevisian Indonesia. Stasiun TV mengikuti selera pasar agar mampu meraup keuntungan yang berlipat, sehingga terkadang media TV tidak memikirkan apakah adanya manfaat dari konten program yang ditayangkan. Entertainment adalah kata dasar dari infotainment, namun apakah berita sensasi seperti misalnya kawin cerai seorang artis, perselingkuhan, dll, merupakan suatu hiburan bagi masyarakat? Informasi atau gosip dikemas sedemikian rupa untuk meningkatkan atau mempertahankan peringkat rating.

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ABSTRACTThe number of community private television carry much impact on people lives either positive or negative. Their presence is often give rise to the pros and cons in the community .On one side of the community slaked by the presence of those who showed entertainment and give information , but in the other hand they are not uncommon reaped criticism from the community because of their program that is less acceptable by the community or particular individuals. The televisi (TV) industry right now it develops into cultural industries, as a result of market share have to face television created. In the era of capitalist, market demand a commodity that can be exchanged. Wide spread of viewers favorite program, namely infotainment, eventually become a

television hegemony in indonesia. Following a tv station market in order to gain the advantage that strong, and sometimes it does not consider the tv the benefit of the program aired. Entertainment is the word the basis of infotainment, but whether the news the sensation of an artist such as divorce, affair, is an entertainment for the community? Information or gossip packed in such a way to improve or maintain the ratings rank ., The number of community private television carry much impact on people lives either positive or negative. Their presence is often give rise to the pros and cons in the community .On one side of the community slaked by the presence of those who showed entertainment and give information , but in the other hand they are not uncommon reaped criticism from the community because of their program that is less acceptable by the community or particular individuals. The televisi (TV) industry right now it develops into cultural industries, as a result of market share have to face television created. In the era of capitalist, market demand a commodity that can be exchanged. Wide spread of viewers favorite program, namely infotainment, eventually become a

television hegemony in indonesia. Following a tv station market in order to gain the advantage that strong, and sometimes it does not consider the tv the benefit of the program aired. Entertainment is the word the basis of infotainment, but whether the news the sensation of an artist such as divorce, affair, is an entertainment for the community? Information or gossip packed in such a way to improve or maintain the ratings rank .]"