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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipoglikemia merupakan masalah metabolik yang sering terjadi pada neonatus terutama bayi kurang bulan dan bayi kecil masa kehamilan. Sebagaian besar neonatus kompensasi hipoglikemia fisiologis dengan memproduksi benda keton.Tujuan: Membantu menambahkan data dalam membuat pedoman pemeriksaan glukosa darah pada bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian cross sectional untuk melihat gambaran kadar gula darah diawal kelahiran pada bayi late preterm dan cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan dan hubungannya dengan keton darah sebagai respons adaptasi metabolik. Penilaian respons kadar keton darah terhadap perubahan kadar gula darah dengan melakukan uji korelasi pada masing-masing tahap penilaian.Hasil: Sebanyak 53 subyek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Rerata kadar gula darah pada usia 0-4 jam 69,83±22,19 mg/dL, >4-24 jam 63,02±16,80 mg/dL, >24-48 jam 62,94±14,80 mg/dL ) keseluruhan secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p= 0,117). Median kadar keton darah pada usia 0-4 jam 0,60 (0,10-1,40) mmol/L, >4-24 jam 0,60 (0,30-1,3) mmol/L, >24-48 jam 0,60 (0,10-1,40) mmol/L keseluruhan secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p = 0,326). Hubungan antara perubahan kadar gula darah dengan perubahan kadar keton darah menunjukkan bahwa setiap perubahan satu unit kadar gula darah mengakibatkan perubahan kadar keton darah sebesar 0,0012 secara statistik tidak bermakna (p = 0,192).Simpulan: Pola perubahan glukosa darah bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan tidak selalu mengalami hipoglikemia, produksi badan keton pada bayi late preterm dan bayi cukup bulan kecil masa kehamilan memadai.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hypoglycaemia is the most common manifestation of failure of metabolic adaptation in the newborn period, especially in premature infants and small for gestational age. Most of the physiological neonatal hypoglycaemia compensate physiologist hypoglycaemia by producing ketone body.Objective: Provide data to establish guidelines blood glucose tests in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age.Methods: A cross sectional research to see pattern of blood glucose concentration at the newborn and its relationship with blood ketones as a response to metabolic adaptation. Evaluation of blood ketone concentration to the change of blood glucose is done by correlation test at each evaluation stage.Results: A total of 53 subjects fulfil the study criteria. The mean blood glucose level at the age of 0-4 hours was 69,83 ± 22,19 mg/dL, > 4-24 hours was 63,02 ± 16,80 mg/dL, > 24-48 hours was 62,94 ± 14,80 mg/dL overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Median levels of blood ketones at the age of 0-4 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L, > 4-24 hours was 0.60 (0.30 to 1.30) mmol/L , > 24-48 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.833). The relationship between changes in blood glucose levels by changing levels of blood ketones indicate that any change in one unit of blood glucose levels lead to changes in levels of blood ketones at 0.0012 was not statistically significant (p = 0.192) .Conclusion: The change of blood glucose in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age not always having hypoglycemia. Production of ketone body at late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age is not sufficient., Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is the most common manifestation of failure of metabolic adaptation in the newborn period, especially in premature infants and small for gestational age. Most of the physiological neonatal hypoglycaemia compensate physiologist hypoglycaemia by producing ketone body.Objective: Provide data to establish guidelines blood glucose tests in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age.Methods: A cross sectional research to see pattern of blood glucose concentration at the newborn and its relationship with blood ketones as a response to metabolic adaptation. Evaluation of blood ketone concentration to the change of blood glucose is done by correlation test at each evaluation stage.Results: A total of 53 subjects fulfil the study criteria. The mean blood glucose level at the age of 0-4 hours was 69,83 ± 22,19 mg/dL, > 4-24 hours was 63,02 ± 16,80 mg/dL, > 24-48 hours was 62,94 ± 14,80 mg/dL overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Median levels of blood ketones at the age of 0-4 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L, > 4-24 hours was 0.60 (0.30 to 1.30) mmol/L , > 24-48 hours was 0.60 (0.10 to 1.40) mmol/L overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.833). The relationship between changes in blood glucose levels by changing levels of blood ketones indicate that any change in one unit of blood glucose levels lead to changes in levels of blood ketones at 0.0012 was not statistically significant (p = 0.192) .Conclusion: The change of blood glucose in late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age not always having hypoglycemia. Production of ketone body at late preterm infants and term infants small for gestational age is not sufficient.]"

"Latar Belakang: Defisiensi vitamin D berhubungan dengan berbagai luaran kehamilan yang tidak baik seperti pre-eklamsia, diabetes melitus gestasional, bayi berat lahir rendah, dan kelahiran preterm. Vitamin D diduga berperan dalam patofisiologi terjadinya kelahiran preterm melalui mekanisme penekanan mediator inflamasi. 

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kadar 25 (OH) D serum ibu dan tali pusat pada kelahiran preterm dan cukup bulan. Selain itu juga dicarikorelasi antara kadar 25 (OH) D serum ibu dengan tali pusat.

Metode: Pada penelitian ini digunakan desain potong-lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta, mulai dari Januari 2017 sampai dengan Februari 2018. Kadar 25 (OH) D ibu dan tali pusat dibandingkan antara kelompok cukup bulan dan preterm.Hasil: Didapatkan 81 subjek yang dapat dilakukan analisis, yaitu 36 subjek (44,4%) melahirkan cukup bulan dan 45 (55,6%) preterm. Median 25 (OH) D maternal pada kelompok preterm dan cukup bulan berturut-turut 15 ng/mL dan 13,95ng/mL, sedangkan tali pusat 13 ng/ml dan 11,85 ng/ml.Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar 25 (OH) D serum maternal (p=0,96) dan tali pusat (p=0,80) antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar 25(OH) ibu dengan tali pusat (r=0,59, p<0,001 untuk kelompok cukup bulan dan r=0,44, p<0,002 untuk kelompok preterm).Kesimpulan: Kadar 25 (OH) D serum ibu dan tali pusat tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok kelahiran preterm dancukup bulan. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar 25 (OH) D ibu dengan tali pusat.

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor outcomes of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight infants, and preterm birth. Vitamin D is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of preterm deliveries through the mechanism of inflammatory mediator suppression.Objective: To compare maternal and umbilical serum 25 (OH) D levels between preterm and aterm deliveries group. In addition, the correlation between maternal and umbilical cord serum of 25 (OH) D were analyzed.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta from January 2017 to February 2018. Pre-delivery maternal venous blood and umbilical cord vitamin D serum levels were measured for both of term and preterm deliveries group.Result: Eighty one subjects were eligible for analysis, 36 subjects (44.4%) delivered term babies and 45 (55.6%) delivered preterm babies. Median level of maternal serum 25 (OH) D were resepectively 15 ng/mL and 13.95 ng/mL for preterm and term group. Umbilical cord serum 25 (OH) D levels were respectively 13 ng/ml and 11.85 ng/ml for preterm and term group. There was no statistically difference between pereterm and term group of both maternal and umbilical serum 25 (OH) D levels (respectively p = 0.96, p = 0.80). There was a positive correlation between the maternal and umbilical 25 (OH) D levels in both groups (r = 0.59, p <0.001 for term group and r = 0.44, p <0.002 for preterm group).Conclusions: Maternal and umbilical serum 25 (OH) D levels were not significantly different between term and preterm groups. There was a correlation between maternal and umbilical serum levels of 25 (OH) D."

"Latar Belakang: Persalinan preterm adalah persalinan sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu lengkap. Persalinan preterm ini masih menjadi masalah di seluruh dunia. Pada laporan World Health Organization WHO , Indonesia menduduki peringkat kelima negara dengan persalinan preterm terbanyak yakni 675.700 persalinan pada tahun 2010. Berbagai faktor dihubungkan dengan penyebab terjadinya persalinan preterm, termasuk salah satunya adalah gangguan nutrisi selama kehamilan, terutama seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga. Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada serum maternal ibu hamil normal dan preterm. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji potong-lintang dengan subjek penelitian ibu hamil baik preterm maupun aterm yang akan melaksanakan persalinan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta pada Januari hingga April 2017. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan kadar masing-masing mikronutrien pada kedua kelompok subjek. Hasil: Dalam jangka waktu Januari hingga April 2017 didapatkan 53 subjek penelitian yakni 30 ibu hamil normal dan 23 ibu dengan kehamilan preterm. Seluruh subjek dimasukkan dalam analisis data. Kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu dengan kehamilan preterm secara berurutan adalah 42 g/dL, 72,39 g/L, 74 g/L, dan 2144,52 g/dL. Sedangkan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu hamil normal secara berurutan adalah 42 g/dL, 67,27 g/L, 70,5 g/L, dan 2221 g/dL. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna kadar mikronutrien pada kedua kelompok subjek. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu hamil normal dan ibu dengan kehamilan preterm.

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Background: Preterm labor is delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. This preterm labor is still a worldwide burden. According to World Health Organization WHO report in 2010, Indonesia was ranked the fifth among other countries, with 675.700 preterm deliveries. Various factors were associated with the cause of preterm labour, including nutritional disorder in pregnancy, such as zinc, selenium, iron and copper.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare zinc, selenium, iron and copper levels in maternal serum of normal and preterm pregnancy.

Methods: It is a cross sectional study with preterm and normal pregnant woman who will carry delivery in Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National Hospital and Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta Hospital from January to April 2017. This study was conducted by comparing the levels of each micronutient in both groups of subjects.

Result: From January until April 2017, there were 53 subjects divided into 30 normal pregnant women and 23 preterm pregnant women. The levels of zinc, selenium iron and copper in preterm pregnancy were 42 g dL, 72,39 g L, 74 g L, and 2144,52 g dL. Levels of zinc, selenium, iron and copper ini normal pregnant women were 42 g dL, 67,27 g L, 70,5 g L, and 2221 g dL. There was no difference in micronutrients level in both groups.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no difference in zinc, selenium, iron and copper levels in normal and preterm pregnancy."

"Latar Belakang: Kelahiran preterm adalah kelahiran sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu lengkap. Secara global, kelahiran preterm menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi yang tinggi. Laporan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2010, Indonesia saat ini termasuk dalam 10 besar negara dengan jumlah kelahiran preterm terbanyak yaitu 15,5 per 100 kelahiran hidup. Berbagai faktor dihubungkan dengan penyebab terjadinya kelahiran preterm, termasuk salah satunya adanya defisiensi asam lemak tidak jenuh rantai panjang selama kehamilan.Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar asam lemak tidak jenuh rantai panjang (ALA, EPA, DHA, LA dan AA) pada ibu hamil dengan kelahiran preterm dan aterm.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji potong-lintang dengan subjek penelitianibu hamil preterm dan aterm yang melakukan persalinan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta pada Juli hingga Desember 2019.Hasil: Diperoleh 60 subjek penelitian dengan 30 subjek pada masing-masing kelompok. Hasil dengan kategori rendah didapatkan pada kelompok preterm dengan median kadar ALA 47 μmol/L, AA 491 μmol/L dengan perbedaan yang bermakna dengan kelompok aterm (p=0,03 dan p=0,01). Indeks omega-3 pada masing-masing kelompok juga rendah yaitu 2,5% pada preterm dan 3% pada aterm.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar ALA dan AA pada ibu yang mengalami kelahiran preterm dan aterm. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar EPA, DHA, LA, indeks omega-3, rasio omega-6/ omega-3, dan rasio AA/EPA pada ibu yang mengalami kelahiran preterm dan aterm.

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Background: Approximately 15 million babies were born prematurely every year with one million of them dying from preterm birth complications. Indonesia was among the top 10 countries worldwide with the highest number of preterm births, which was 15.5 preterm births per 100 live births. In recent years, several studies have been investigating the role of nutrition in reducing the risk of preterm birth, one that seems promising is long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). This study was conducted to determine LCPUFA status in pregnant women who undergo preterm and term births in Jakarta, Indonesia.Objective: To determine the levels of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (ALA, EPA, DHA, LA dan AA) in pregnant women undergoing preterm and term birth.Method: A descriptive study was conducted on 30 pregnant women in each group who experienced preterm and term births at Cipto Mangunkusumo and Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta between July and December 2019. Maternal blood plasma was examined by measuring the concentration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), omega-3 index, omega-6/ omega-3, and AA/ EPA ratio.Result: The median levels of ALA and AA were low in the preterm birth group with significant differences between the two groups (p= 0,03 and p= 0,01). The median total concentrations of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA, AA, omega-3 index, omega-6/ omega-3, and AA/EPA ratio in preterm birth group were as follows: 47 μmol/L, 18,5 μmol/L, 262 μmol/L, LA 3382 μmol/L, 491 μmol/L, 2,5%, 13 and 26,5. While in the term birth group were as follows 58,5 μmol/L, 19 μmol/L, 262 μmol/L, LA 3382 μmol/L, 491 μmol/L, 2,5%, 13 and 26,5. The median concentration of EPA and DHA on both groups were in a normal range. Most of the subjects had a low omega-3 index, 86,7% from total subjects in preterm and 66,7% in term group.Conclusion: There are significant differences between ALA and AA concentration in women who experienced preterm and term birth. There were no significant differences in levels of EPA, DHA, LA, omega-3 index, omega-6/ omega-3 ratio, and AA/EPA ratio between the two groups."

"Kelahiran preterm sebagai penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang utama pada neonatus memiliki prevalensi kejadian yang tinggi khususnya di Indonesia yang mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelahiran preterm dan keputihan pada kehamilan.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian yaitu ibu yang melahirkan di RSCM tahun 2011 yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kelahiran preterm di RSCM pada tahun 2011 sebesar 26,4% dan prevalensi keputihan pada ibu hamil di RSCM tahun 2011 sebesar 29,9%.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang berbeda bermakna antara kelahiran preterm dengan keputihan pada kehamilan di RSCM tahun 2011 dengan nilai p<0,001 dan keputihan pada kehamilan merupakan risiko terjadinya kelahiran preterm dengan nilai rasio prevalens lebih dari 1 (1,5) serta interval kepercayaan 0,40-0,60.

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Preterm birth as causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates have a major high prevalence, especially in Indonesia, which reached 15.5%. This study aims to determine the relationship between preterm birth and vaginal discharge in pregnancy.The study design used is cross-sectional. Subject of research is the mother who gave birth in the RSCM in 2011 that meets the selection criteria for the study. Results from this study showed that the prevalence of preterm births in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 26.4% and the prevalence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 29.9%.From the results of this study concluded that there is a significant difference in the relationship between preterm birth with vaginal discharge in pregnancy in the RSCM in 2011 with a value of p <0.001 and vaginal discharge in pregnancy is a risk of preterm birth prevalence ratio with a value of more than 1 (1.5) as well as the confidence interval 0.40 to 0.60."

"ABSTRAKDiet Rendah Gula dan Tinggi Serat sebagai Intervensi Menurunkan glukosa Darah pada   Keluarga dengan Masalah Ketidakstabilan Kadar Glukosa Darah Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dewasa di perkotaan sebagai populasi berisiko berdampak pada munculnya berbagai penyakit, diantaranya Diabetes Mellitus. Diet tidak seimbang dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya Diabetes Mellitus. Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menggambarkan keefektifan intervensi keperawatan diet rendah dan gula tinggi serat dengan pendekatan keluarga selama lima minggu dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Hasil asuhan keperawatan diperoleh penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada Ibu R dari 258 mg/dL menjadi 146 mg/dL.Kesimpulan hasil karya ilmiah ini adalah intervensi diet rendah gula dan tinggi serat dengan pendekatan keluarga efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan diterapkannya intervensi diet rendah gula dan tinggi serat dengan melibatkan keluarga oleh perawat komunitas pada keluarga dengan masalah risiko ketidastabilan kadar glukosa darah.

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ABSTRACT

Glucose Level in Family with Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level. The increase of adult population in urban areas as at-risk population have an impact on the emergence of various diseases, including Diabetes Mellitus. An unbalanced diet can be a risk-factor for Diabetes Mellitus. The purpose of this scientific paper is to describe the effectiveness of low sugar and high fiber diet intervention with family approach for five weeks in reducing blood glucose levels. The result obtained from nursing care show a decrease in blood glucose levels in Mrs. R from 258 mg/dL to 146 mg/dL. The conclusion is a low sugar and high fiber diet intervention with family approach was effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This results recommends the implementation of low sugar and high fiber diet intervention with family involvement by community nurses in families with a risk for unstable blood glucose levels. Diabetes Mellitus, diet, blood glucose."

"Latar belakang: World Health Organization mencetuskan tiga penyebab utama terjadinya kematian neonatal di Indonesia yaitu sepsis, prematuritas dan asfiksia. Lebih lanjut, sebuah studi menemukan bahwa lingkungan rumah sakit yang kurang memadai dapat menjadi risiko terjadinya sepsis neonatal awitan lambat (SNAL) dan dapat memperpanjang masa perawatan. Metode: Data rekam medis dari 1706 neonatus yang dirawat di Divisi Perinatologi Departemen IKA Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) selama tahun 2020 dikumpulkan secara retrospektif. Didapatkan hanya 262 neonatus yang terbukti mengalami SNAL, dilakukan pencatatan dan analisis usia gestasi, berat lahir dan mikroorganisme penyebab sepsis. Hasil Penelitian: Dari 1706 subyek, insiden SNAL adalah 15,4%. SNAL lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok bayi prematur dengan usia gestasi kurang dari 37 minggu (58.4%) daripada kelompok bayi cukup bulan (41.6%). Mayoritas SNAL terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah (<2500 gram) yaitu sebanyak 67.6%, dengan persentasi terbanyak terjadi pada kelompok bayi berat lahir rendah (≥1500-<2500 grams) yaitu sebanyak 35.1%. Mikroorganisme penyebab SNAL di RSCM pada tahun 2020 didominasi oleh bakteri gram negatif, yaitu Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kesimpulan: Insiden SNAL pada tahun 2020 adalah 15,4%. Proporsi SNAL pada bayi berat lahir rendah dan bayi prematur secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok bayi berat normal dan bayi cukup bulan. Sebagian besar kasus SNAL disebabkan oleh bakteri gram negatif. Adanya mikroorganisme penyebab SNAL yang beragam dari studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pedoman penggunaan antibiotik empiris di RSCM.

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Introduction: The three main reasons for neonatal death in Indonesia according to WHO are sepsis, prematurity, and asphyxia. A study stated that late-onset sepsis (LONS) was a risk of poor hospital environment and could prolong the duration of hospitalization. Methods: Clinical data from 1706 hospitalized neonates who were treated in the Neonatal Unit in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) Jakarta in the year 2020 were analysed retrospectively through medical record. Only 262 neonates that were proven with LONS, and related risk factors such as gestational age, birth weight and microbial in blood stream were analysed.

Results: From a total of 1706 neonates, the incidence of proven LONS was 15,4%. It was more prevalent (58.4%) in preterm neonates aged less than 37 weeks than in term (41.6%) neonates. Majority (67.6%) of proven LONS subjects were neonates with low birth weight (<2500 grams) and the largest percentage between them (35.1%) were in ‘low birth weight (≥1500- <2500 grams)’ group. Gram negative bacteria have emerged as predominant pathogens of LONS patients in our hospital, with most common were Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: The incidence of LONS in 2020 is 15,4%. The proportion of LONS among LBW and preterm neonates is significantly higher compared to normal birth weight and term neonates. Both LBW and NBW neonates, preterm and term neonates suffering LONS in CMH’s neonatal unit are mostly caused by gram-negative bacteria and this finding is statistically significant. Different pathogens causing LONS in this study can be utilized further to analyse the susceptibility of these pathogens to the current empirical antibiotic guideline used in CMH."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar gula darah puasa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada Satlantas dan Sumda di Polresta Depok. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 143 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada April sampai Mei 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kadar gula darah puasa, pendidikan terakhir, suku, riwayat diabetes melitus, umur, IMT, RLPP, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat, asupan protein, asupan lemak, pengetahuan, aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan merokok dengan cara pengukuran kadar gula darah puasa, pengukuran antropometri, pengisian kuesioner, dan wawancara (food recall).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara umur, suku, RLPP, dan asupan protein dengan kadar gula darah puasa (nilai p < 0,05). Disarankan untuk melakukan intervensi melalui program pencegahan penyakit degeneratif berupa penyuluhan, pemeriksaan kesehatan, dan konsultasi gizi terutama tentang kadar gula darah.

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This study aims to know the description of fasting blood glucose levels and the factors that influence in Employees of Satlantas and Sumda Polresta Depok. The design study is a cross sectional study conducted on 143 respondents.The study was conducted from April to May 2012. Data collected were fasting blood glucose levels, the latest education, ethnicity, history of diabetes mellitus, age, BMI, WHR, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, protein intake, fat intake, knowledge, physical activity, and smoking habits by measuring fasting blood glucose levels, anthropometric measurements, filling questionnaires, and interview (food recall).

The results of this study showed significant correlations between age, ethnicity, WHR, and protein intake with fasting blood glucose levels (p value < 0.05). It is recommended to intervene through programs of prevention of degenerative diseases of education, health, and nutrition consultation, especially on blood glucose levels."

"ABSTRACTKehamilan dengan preeklampsia berat (PEB) merupakan kehamilan risiko tinggi, yang dapatmenyebabkan kematian ibu bahkan bayi. PEB merupakan theory of disease, dengan banyak faktorrisiko dan penyebab, salah satunya adalah tingginya kadar gula darah yang umum terjadi pada ibuhamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari prevalensi PEB dan hubungannya dengan kadar glukosa darahsewaktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan subjek seluruh ibu hamil dirumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) tahun 2011 yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian; datadidapat dari rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi PEB di RSCM selamatahun 2011 adalah 16.4% dan prevalensi pasien hamil yang terdeteksi mempunyai peningkatan guladarah sewaktu adalah 8.3%. Dengan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui beda proporsi antara kehamilandengan PEB dan tidak PEB pada kelompok kadar glukosa darah rendah, sedang dan tinggi didapatkanhasil yang signifikan (p=0.004). Disimpulkan bahwa kadar gula darah sewaktu ibu hamil berhubungandengan prevalensi PEB.

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ABSTRACTPregnancy with severe preeclampsia is a high risk pregnancy, which can lead to maternal and babiesdeath. Severe preeclampsia is a theory of disease that has numerous risk factors, including elevation of blood glucose that is common occurred in pregnancy. This study aimed to know the relationshipbetween maternal blood glucose levels and the prevalence of severe preeclampsia. This study usedcross-sectional methods. Subject was pregnant women in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital (RSCM )inthe year 2011 who fullfil the research criteria; data were obtained from medical records. The resultsshowed that the prevalence of severe preeclampsia in RSCM during 2011 was 16.4%, and theprevalence of pregnant patients who had an elevation of blood sugar level was 8.3%, and there wassignificant relationship between severe preeclampsia with elevation of blood sugar (Chi-square test;p=0.004). In conclusion, maternal blood sugar levels is related to the prevalence of severepreeclampsia."

"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik yang sering dijumpai dan merupakan salah satu dari empat prioritas penyakit tidak menular. Prevalensi penyakit DM meningkat dengan pesat dan akan menjadikan Indonesia perillgkat kc empat dunia. Bctrunbalmya jumlnh penyandang DM dan komplikasi akibat DM menjadi beban negara terutama bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi yang l~rkail d~Ilgan bidang Hum Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin adalah komplikasi mikrovaskular yakni neuropati. Neuropati otonom ditandai dengan kulit kering dan jumlah keringat yang berkurang. Kekeringan kulit yang tidak di tata laksana dengan baik mempennudah timbulnya kaki diabetik. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kadar HbAle dan gula darah terhadap kulit kering pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan terhadap pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poliklini.k Endokrin IImu Penyakit Dalam dan Poliklinik Hmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSUPN. Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta pada bulan Juli hingga September 2018. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik untuk menentukan derajat kekeringan kulit dengan menggunakan penilaian SRRC, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan eorneometer dan tewameter. Terakhir dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah untuk kadar HbAle dan GDS. Basil: Didapatkan total 95 subjek clengan usia rerata 54 tahun, hampir sebagian besar pasien tidak merokok, tidak menggunakan pelembap dan AC, tidak menggunakan air hangat untuk mandi, mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol, mengalami neuropati dan menopause, serta durasi lama DM 2:5 tabun. Hasil utama penelitian ini didapatkan korelac;;i yang hennakna seeara statistik antara kadar HbAle dengan nilai SRRC berdasarkan uji nonparametrik Spearman (r· = 0,224; P = 0,029). Perhitungan statistik dilanjutkan kembali dengan anal isis stratiflkasi dan regresi linear stepwise. Kesimpulan: Pada pasicn DM tipe 2 terdapat peningkatan SRRC dan SCap yang dipengaruhi oleh kadar HbAle.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases and is one of the top four non-contagious priorities. DM prevalence has been increasing rapidly and would make Indonesia ranked fourth in the worldwide. The increasing number of people with DM and its associated complications are major burden, especially for developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the complications associated with Dermatology and Venereology is microvascular complications, specifically neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is characterized by dry skin and reduced amount of sweat. Unmanaged dry skin is a potential risk factor of developing diabetic foot. Objective: To determine the effect ofHbAlc and blood glucose level on dry skin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Endocrine outpatient clinic of the Internal Medicine and Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic of RSUPN. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta from July to September 2018. History taking, physical examination to dctcrminc the degree of skin dryness using SRRC assessment, followed by examination of the comeometer and tewameter. At last, blood test examination was performed for HbAlc and random blood glucose levels measurement. Results: A total of95 subjects were enrolled with an average age of 54 years, most if the patients were non-smoker, did not use moisturizers and air conditioning, did not use warm water for bathing, consumed cholesterol lowering agent, experienced neuropathy and menopause, and have been suffering DM for more than 5 years. The main results of this study were statistic3.Ily significant correlation between HbAlc levels and SRRC values based on the Spearman nonparametric test (r = 0,224; P = 0,029). Statistical calculations were continued with stratification analysis and stepwise linear regression. Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients experience increment in SRRC and SCap, which are associated with HbA 1 c level."