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"[ABSTRAKBerbagai penelitian mengenai media menunjukkan bahwa media memiliki efekterhadap sikap seseorang. Sehubungan dengan penggunaan media, pemerintahmelalui Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K)melakukan sosialisasi terkait program peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakatkurang mampu. Sosialisasi yang bertujuan memperkenalkan program yangdikemas dalam istilah Kartu Sakti Jokowi menggunakan berbagai macam metodesalah satunya media massa. Bagaimana pengaruh media exposure dan medialiteracy terkait berita program pada sikap penerima bantuan menjadi pertanyaandalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk melihatpengaruh media exposure dan media literacy terkait berita program terhadap sikappenerima bantuan pada pemerintah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwamedia exposure berpengaruh signifikan terhadap media literacy karena medialiteracy tidak akan terjadi tanpa adanya terpaan media. Selanjutnya mediaexposure tidak mempengaruhi sikap penerima bantuan karena masyarakatpenerima bantuan sudah memiliki sumber informasi lain dalam memahami isiberita media terkait program. Hal ini diperkuat dengan adanya pengaruh yangsignifikan antara media literacy dengan sikap. Artinya, pemahaman terhadapkonten media mempengaruhi sikap penerima bantuan. Meskipun berita memilkisentimen negatif, tidak mempengaruhi sikap masyarakat untuk tidak menyukaiprogram bantuan pemerintah. Hal ini terjadi karena berbagai metode sosialisasiyang dilakukan TNP2K menjadi sumber informasi yang menumbuhkanpemahaman masyarakat penerima manfaat.

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ABSTRACTMany research about media indicated that media has effect towards someone’sbehavior. In accordance with the media usage, the government through TimNasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K) held disseminationrelated to the prosperity improvement program for poor community.Dissemination which aimed to introduce the program in the package ofKartuSaktiJokowi using some methods, which one of them is mass media. How isthe influence of media exposure and media literacy related to the program newscoverage towards the behavior of aid beneficiaries became a question in thisresearch. This research used quantitative method to see the influence of mediaexposure and media literacy related to the program news coverageof the aidbeneficiaries behavior towards the government. The result of this research hasshown that media exposure is significantly influential to media literacy becausemedia literacy will not happened without media exposure. Media exposure has noinfluence in the aid beneficiaries behavior because the aid beneficiaries have hadother information resources in understanding media content related to theprogram. This is strengthened with the significant influence between medialiteracy with the behavior. This means that the understanding towards mediacontent influences the beneficiaries behavior. Although there were news withnegative sentiment, the community’s behavior was not influenced to dislike thegovernment aid program. This happened because many dissemination methodsdone by TNP2K became resource of information which grows the understandingof aid beneficiaries, Many research about media indicated that media has effect towards someone’sbehavior. In accordance with the media usage, the government through TimNasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K) held disseminationrelated to the prosperity improvement program for poor community.Dissemination which aimed to introduce the program in the package ofKartuSaktiJokowi using some methods, which one of them is mass media. How isthe influence of media exposure and media literacy related to the program newscoverage towards the behavior of aid beneficiaries became a question in thisresearch. This research used quantitative method to see the influence of mediaexposure and media literacy related to the program news coverageof the aidbeneficiaries behavior towards the government. The result of this research hasshown that media exposure is significantly influential to media literacy becausemedia literacy will not happened without media exposure. Media exposure has noinfluence in the aid beneficiaries behavior because the aid beneficiaries have hadother information resources in understanding media content related to theprogram. This is strengthened with the significant influence between medialiteracy with the behavior. This means that the understanding towards mediacontent influences the beneficiaries behavior. Although there were news withnegative sentiment, the community’s behavior was not influenced to dislike thegovernment aid program. This happened because many dissemination methodsdone by TNP2K became resource of information which grows the understandingof aid beneficiaries]"

"Dampak dari efek media teiah menjadi perdebatan scjak dahulu. Dibutuhkan suatu sikap kritis dari individu untuk menyadari bahwa fjdak semua pesan media bermanfaat buat mereka. W. James Potter (2005) menyatakan bahwa anak-anak diperlakuktm sebagai audience khusis karena beresiko tinggi untuk terkena dampak negatif dari efek pesan media karena mereka berada pada posisi terendah dalam perkembangan kognitili emosi dan moral- serta karena mereka kekurangan pengalaman nyata untuk memproses pesan media dengan baik. Tesis ini merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan media use dan media exposure terhadap tingkat Media Literacy, serta untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang paling mempengaruhi tingkat media literacy. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa-siswi Sekolah Dasar di Kota Malang kecamatan Lowokwam yang dipilih mclalui teknik probability sampling, yaitu proparsional random sampling. Data yang di dapat dari selumh responden tersebut Kemudian diproses dengan menggunakan teknik statistik multivariate, yaitu analisis muItioIeregresi.Hasii pengujian statistik kemudian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung yang signifikan antara variabel Media Use terhadap variabel tingkat Media Literacy. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh langsung yang signifikan hanya terdapat pada hubungan antara variabel Media Exposure terhadap variabel Tingkat Media Literacy.

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The impact of media effects to children has been the subject of much debate since time immemorial. It is critical for viewers to be aware that the messages they receive from media sources may not necessarily been entirely important. James W. Potter (2005) assert that children have been treated as a special audience for being at higher risk for negative effects of media messages because they are at lower levels of development-cognitively, emotionally, and morally--and because they lack the degree of real-world experience necessary to process media messages well. This research prompt one to test if media use and media exposure does actually correlate with level of media literacy, and guides this research’s leading question of which variable affect more in explaining level of media literacy. Research has been conduct thrugh elementary students in 4"‘ and 5"‘ grade in Malang, Lowokwaru. Through quantitative survey study, a conelation between media use and media exposure is significantly supported. Multiple regression method shows that media exposure is the most determining factors to explain level of children media literacy."

"ABSTRAKDalam persaingan merebut perhatian pemirsa, stasiun televisi selalu berusaha menciptakan inovasi-inovasi baru dalam tayangannya, termasuk reality show. Penayangan reailty show mengundang cukup banyak kontroversi dari masyarakat karena isinya yang mengandung banyak rekayasa. Penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif ini menggunakan definisi Potter mengenai kemampuan message-focused pemirsa dalam melihat media literacy khalayak dewasa dini terhadap tayangan reality show Orang Ketiga. Menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis, kemampuan yang akan dilihat dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis, membandingkan/mengkontraskan, evaluasi, dan abstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa khalayak dewasa dini menunjukkan media literacy ketika menyaksikan tayangan tersebut. Faktor-faktor yang membentuk media literacy khalayak antara lain adalah latar belakang keluarga, pekerjaan, pergaulan, serta tingkat pengalaman khalayak dalam mengkonsumsi media massa.

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ABSTRACTThe latest innovation created by TV stations to grab audience share is reality television shows. These shows stir lots of controversy on the amount of scripted materials that needed to create them. Using constructivist paradigm and qualitative approach, this descriptive research observes media literacy on early adulthood audience on Orang Ketiga reality show based on Potter?s message-focused media literacy skills: analyze, compare/contrast, evaluate, and making an abstraction. The result shows that early adulthood audience demonstrates sufficient media literacy when watching Orang Ketiga. Factors that build media literacy on the audience were, among others, family background, professional background, social relationship and audience?s experience with mass media."

"Bias dalam media sudah menjadi fenomena yang wajar dewasa ini. Masyarakat perlu keterampilan agar bisa lebih kritis dan objektif dalam mengevaluasi konten media dan mempersepsi bias khususnya yang ada dalam pemberitaan, salah satu caranya adalah dengan intervensi news media literacy (NML). Individu dengan literasi media berita yang tinggi dapat mempersepsi bias dalam media lebih baik dibandingkan yang literasinya rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan kemampuan persepsi bias dalam media pada mahasiswa dengan kemampuan news media literacy tinggi dan rendah, sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi news media literacy. Peneliti melakukan studi kuasi eksperimental, pretest-posttest design pada 68 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Hasil analisis gained score menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan peningkatan skor persepsi bias yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi pada kedua kelompok tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa keterbatasan penelitian diantaranya karakteristik sampel dan instrumen penelitian.

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Bias in the media has become a natural phenomenon today. Society needs skills to be more critical and objective in evaluating media content and perceiving bias in particular in the news, one way is by intervening in news media literacy (NML). Individuals with high news media literacy can perceive bias in the media better than those with low literacy. This research was conducted to see differences in the ability of perception bias in the media in students with high and low news media literacy abilities, before and after news media literacy interventions were given. Researchers conducted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design study on 68 University of Indonesia students. The obtained score analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the increase in the perception score of bias before and after the intervention in the two groups. This is caused by several limitations of the study including the characteristics of the sample and research instruments."