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"This state-of-the-art survey features topics related to the impact of multicore, manycore, and coprocessor technologies in science and for large-scale applications in an interdisciplinary environment. The papers cover issues of current research in mathematical modeling, design of parallel algorithms, aspects of microprocessor architecture, parallel programming languages, hardware-aware computing, heterogeneous platforms, manycore technologies, performance tuning, and requirements for large-scale applications. The contributions presented in this volume offer a survey on the state of the art, the concepts and perspectives for future developments. They are an outcome of an inspiring conference conceived and organized by the editors at the Karlsruhe Institute Technology (KIT) in September 2011. The twelve revised full papers presented together with two contributed papers focus on combination of new aspects of microprocessor technologies, parallel applications, numerical simulation, and software development; thus they clearly show the potential of emerging technologies in the area of multicore and manycore processors that are paving the way towards personal supercomputing and very likely towards exascale computing."

"Scientific computing has often been called the third approach to scientific discovery, emerging as a peer to experimentation and theory. Historically, the synergy between experimentation and theory has been well understood: experiments give insight into possible theories, theories inspire experiments, experiments reinforce or invalidate theories, and so on. As scientific computing has evolved to produce results that meet or exceed the quality of experimental and theoretical results, it has become indispensable.Parallel processing has been an enabling technology in scientific computing for more than 20 years. This book is the first in-depth discussion of parallel computing in 10 years; it reflects the mix of topics that mathematicians, computer scientists, and computational scientists focus on to make parallel processing effective for scientific problems. Presently, the impact of parallel processing on scientific computing varies greatly across disciplines, but it plays a vital role in most problem domains and is absolutely essential in many of them. Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing is divided into four parts: The first concerns performance modeling, analysis, and optimization; the second focuses on parallel algorithms and software for an array of problems common to many modeling and simulation applications; the third emphasizes tools and environments that can ease and enhance the process of application development; and the fourth provides a sampling of applications that require parallel computing for scaling to solve larger and realistic models that can advance science and engineering."

"New Paradigms in Public Policy reviews some of the most challenging developments in British society as they are understood by policy-makers and by academics. The key point is that academic debates identify a range of ways in which issues can be understood and tackled, but policy is typically based on a narrow subset of possible approaches. This is illustrated by discussion of climate change, demographic shifts, the response to greater ethnic and religious diversity, the debate about community and local area politics, democratization, nudge, the international financial crisis, and the growth of popular disillusion with politics and politicians. These areas range across economic, social and political issues. Written by leading academics from the fields under discussion and drawing on the most recent research, this book will contribute to our understanding of governance and particularly of how the ideas that lead the policy agenda emerge and are reinforced. It will also be valuable in academic study of policy debate and help develop understanding of the policy issues which it examines"

"This paper explains the development of a parallel computing platform using the available LAN at the Inter University Center for Computer Science of Indonesia. A software toll like parallel virtual machine enables the networked stations to be harnessed as a huge computing resource, combining various type of computing nodes to run parallel computing tasks. The research was aimed at first: to develop a number of parralel high complexity algorithms such as modelling air pollution distribution based on Gaussian Air Pollution Dispersion Formula which simulates dispersion of pollutant emiotted from industrial exhaust and also from vehicle exhaust ont the road. Secondly these algorithms were used to test the platform to obtain networkd behaviour in supporting the implementation of parallel algorithms. From the experiments conducted there are strong indications that the network based computing facility could be used as a suitable platform for running parallel programs with some restrictions. Optimum performance with near linear speed up could be obtained by carefully partitioning the problems, limiting message passing activities and balancing the load of the participating processors."

"This book is the first comprehensive account to trace the history of this pioneering spirit in the field of computing technologies. It covers everything up to and including the present-day handling of the huge demands imposed upon grid and distributed computing by full-scale LHC operations—operations which have for years involved many thousands of collaborating members worldwide and accordingly provide the original and natural testbed for grid computing concepts. This book takes the reader on a guided tour encompassing all relevant topics, including programming languages, software engineering, large databases, the web, and grid- and cloud computing. The important issue of intellectual property regulations for distributed software engineering and computing is also addressed. "

"The central theme running through this volume on New technologies for toxicity testing is the development and application of advanced techniques for cell and tissue culture, as well as new markers and endpoints of toxicity, as alternatives to the traditional paradigm of relying on data from laboratory animal tests to undertake labelling and risk assessment. "