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"Purpose: Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are common diseases worldwide that are frequently associated. Nevertheless, the risk factors for rhinoconjurc tiitis are not well-described and the impact of conjunctivitis on rtinitis and asthma in children remains unknown. This study explored the different risk factors and evaluated the burden of rhinoconjunctivitis among adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a random sample of schoolchildren, aged 10-17 years, using skin prick tests and a self-administered questionnaire on respiratory health investigating pact of thinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis on daily activities. Results: A complete evaluation was obtained for 2.150 children. The prevalence of rhinitis alone was 18.2% and tinitis associated with conjunctivitis was 20.5%. Rhinoconjunctivitis was more frequently associated with females, a parental history of atopt domestic exposure to mold/dampness, passive smoke exposure, and reported truck traffic in residential streets. Moreover, rhino-conjunctivitis was associated with a higher level of allergic sensitization. The prevalence of current asthma was 1.7% in subjects without rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, 5.1% in rhinitis and 10.7% in rhinoconjunctivitis. In a logistic model, rhinoconjunctivitis yielded a 2-fold risk for current asthma with respect to thinitis Subjects with rhinoconjunctivitis had poorer quality of life (QoL); there was an impact on daily activities in 4.6% of rhinitis and 107% of rhinoconjunctivitis. Conclusions: Ocular symptoms increase the role of rhinitis as a risk factor for asthma and its impact on daily activities in children. "

"Rhinos® SR adalah kapsul kombinasi tetap loratadin 5 mg dengan pseudoefedrin 60 mg lepas cepat dan pseudoefedrin 60 mg lepas lambat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efikasi Rhinos® SR pada nasal airway resistance (NAR) secara obyektif dengan rhinomanometer dan gejala-gejala nasal serta nonnasal pada pasien dengan rinitis alergik sepanjang tahun (RAST) di negara tropis. Ini adalah studi paralel berpembanding plasebo, acak, tersamar ganda, dilakukan pada 59 pasien RAST berobat jalan di klinik THT RS Umum Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Pasien laki-laki dan perempuan, menderita RAST sedang sampai berat minimal 2 tahun, berumur 12 tahun ke atas, dengan total skor gejala nasal (TSGN) > 6 dan skor kongesti nasal (SKN) > 2, mendapat Rhinos® SR atau plasebo 2 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Parameter efikasi yang utama adalah berkurangnya nilai-nilai NAR (yang diukur dengan rhinomanometer pada hari pertama) dari Rhinos® SR dibandingkan dengan plasebo. Nilai-nilai NAR dihitung sebagai luas area di bawah kurva (area under the curve = AUC) dari NAR terhadap waktu. Parameter efikasi sekunder adalah berkurangnya gejala-gejala klinik (nasal dan nonnasal) yang dinilai oleh pasien maupun oleh dokter peneliti setelah 1 minggu penggunaan Rhinos® SR atau plasebo. Dari 59 pasien yang memenuhi syarat, semuanya menyelesaikan studi 1 minggu ini. Untuk nilai-nilai NAR, setelah baseline disamakan menjadi 100%, AUC0-10 jam tidak berbeda bermakna antara Rhinos® SR dan plasebo. Akan tetapi waktu pseudoefedrin mencapai kadar puncak, yakni 2 jam untuk yang lepas cepat dan 6 jam untuk yang lepas lambat, maka AUC0-2 jam dan AUC0-6 jam Rhinos® SR lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan plasebo. TSGN berdasarkan penilaian penderita (jumlah skor 3 pagi terakhir) untuk Rhinos® SR menurun 33.0% dari skor awal (p < 0.001), untuk plasebo juga menurun 21.9% dari skor awal (p = 0.002), tetapi penurunan oleh Rhinos tidak berbeda bermakna dengan penurunan oleh plasebo. Penurunan TSGN berdasarkan penilaian dokter peneliti, serta penurunan skor kongesti nasal (SKN) dan total skor gejala (nasal dan nonnasal), dan bahkan skor masing-masing gejala, berdasarkan penilaian pasien maupun dokter peneliti, menunjukkan pola yang sama, yakni Rhinos® SR dan plasebo menurunkan gejala secara bermakna dari nilai awal, dan penurunan oleh Rhinos® SR lebih besar dibandingkan penurunan oleh plasebo tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Dalam studi ini tidak ditemukan efek samping. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada pasien RAST sedang sampai berat di negara tropis, Rhinos® SR efektif dalam mengurangi kongesti nasal dengan pengukuran obyektf NAR. Rhinos® SR 2 x sehari selama 7 hari juga efektif dalam mengurangi gejala-gejala klinik RAST meskipun tidak mencapai kemaknaan statistik dibandingkan dengan plasebo, serta dapat ditoleransi dengan baik.

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AbstractRhinos® SR is a fixed combination of 5 mg loratadine and 60 mg pseudoephedrine immediate release and 60 mg pseudoephedrine sustained release. The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Rhinos® SR on nasal airway resistance (NAR) objectively using rhinomanometer and on nasal symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in a tropical country. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in 59 PAR patients who visited the ENT clinic at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Outpatients of both gender, having moderate to severe PAR for a minimal of 2 years, aged 12 years or older, with a total nasal symptom score (TNSS) > 6 and a nasal congestion score > 2, received Rhinos® SR or placebo twice daily for 7 days. The primary efficacy parameter was the decrease in the NAR values (measured by rhinomanometer on Day 1) of Rhinos® SR from those of placebo. The NAR values were calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) of NAR versus time. The secondary efficacy parameters were the percentage reduction of the clinical symptoms (nasal and nonnasal) evaluated by both the patient and the physician after 1 week use of Rhinos® SR or placebo. From 59 eligible patients, all completed this 1-week trial. For NAR values, after the baseline were considered as 100%, the AUC0-10 h were not significantly different between Rhinos® SR and placebo. However, as the pseudoephedrine reached its peak concentration, i.e. 2 hrs for the immediate release and 6 hrs for the sustained release, then AUC0-2 h and AUC0-6 h of Rhinos® SR were significantly lower compared to those of placebo. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) evaluated by the patient (sum of the last 3 mornings) for Rhinos® SR decreased 33.0% from baseline (p < 0.001), for placebo decreased 21.9% from baseline (p = 0.002), but the decrease by Rhinos® SR was not significantly different from the decrease by placebo. TNSS evaluated by the physician, nasal congestion score (NCS) and total symptom score (TSS, total nasal and nonnasal), and even the individual symptom scores, evaluated by the patient and the physician, showed similar pattern, i.e. both Rhinos® SR and placebo decreased the symptoms significantly from baseline, and the decreases by Rhinos® SR were larger than the decreases by placebo, but the decreases by Rhinos® SR and placebo were not statistically different. No adverse event was found in this study. From the present study it was concluded that in patients with moderate to severe PAR in a tropical country, Rhinos® SR was effective in relieving nasal congestion by objective measurements of NAR. Rhinos® SR twice a day for 7 days was also effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of PAR although the reductions did not reach statistical significance compared to those by placebo, and was well tolerated. "

"Background: Vitamin D role in immune system have been investigated due to the presence of VDR on immune cells. Based on this information deficient level of vitamin D could affect the progression of allergic rhinitis. Unfortunately the data regarding vitamin D status in the normal population and allergic rhinitis patient were very limited in Indonesia. This research was done to provide illustration regarding the status of vitamin D in healthy and allergic rhinitis patients in Jakarta and also to investigate the factor that might affect the level of vitamin D in allergie rhinitis. Methods: This research was an observational cross sectional research. There were 22 subjects used during this research all diagnosed with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis. The study used the Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) technique. The data then were analyzed with IBM® SPSS statistic version 22 Results: The difference between the mean vitamin D of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis with healthy controls (12.7±10.3 ng/mL to 15.1±8.1 ng/mL). There was no significant diference in mean vitamin D between the gender groups (Independent Sample T-test p= 0.62). There were no statistical difference between the vitamin D level in patient with different eosinophil count and IL-5 level (IL-5 group: one-way ANOVA: p= 0.897; eosinophil group: One Way ANOVA: p = 0.752). Conclusion: The mean level of vitamin D in allergic rhinitis patients compared to healthy controls showed no significant difference. Comparison studies about level of vitamin D between groups with different gender, IL-5 and eosinophil count showed no significant difference"

"Pendahuluan: Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti seseorang dapat disebabkan oleh ketidak sesuaian gigi geligi, fungsi oral dan atau masalah psikososial. Sebelum melakukan perawatan ortodonti, perlu diketahui keinginan pasien. Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti cukup tinggi pada usia remaja. Jakarta merupakan kota besar karena sebagai ibu kota negara, juga merupakan pusat pemerintahan. Jakarta berkembang sedemikian pesat sehingga terdapat pinggir kota Jakarta yang dikenal juga dengan kota penyangga. Selain faktor sosio-ekonomi maka kemungkinan terdapat perbedaan psiko-sosial antara remaja kota dan remaja pinggir kota yang dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan terhadap masalah kesehatan gigi, khususnya tentang ortodonti. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti remaja perkotaan dan remaja pinggir kota. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang pada siswa-siswi SMPN 11 Jakarta dan SMPN 2 Tangerang Selatan yang berusia 12-15 tahun. Diberikan kuesioner Indikator Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti (IKPO). Hasil: Uji Mann Whitney nilai p>0.05 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti antara remaja perkotaan dan remaja pinggir kota. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti antara remaja perkotaan dan remaja pinggir kota yang diukur Menggunakan Indikator Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti (IKPO)Kata Kunci: Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti, Indikator Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti (IKPO), Remaja perkotaan, Remaja pinggir kota

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Introduction: A person's need for orthodontic treatment can be caused by dental malocclusion, oral function and / or psychosocial problems. Before orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to know what the patient wants. The need for orthodontic treatment is quite high in adolescence. Jakarta is a big city because as the capital city of the country, it is also the center of government. Jakarta grew rapidly so there is a suburb area of Jakarta. Beside socio-economic factors, it is possible that there are psycho-social differences between urban adolescents and suburban adolescents that can affect knowledge of dental health problems, especially regarding orthodontics. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the orthodontic treatment needs of urban adolescents and suburban adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on students of public Junior High School 11 Jakarta and public Junior High School 2 South Tangerang aged 12-15 years. Responden was given a questionnaire Indikator Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti (IKPO). Result: Mann Whitney test p value> 0.05, which means there is no statistically significant difference in orthodontic treatment needs between urban adolescents and suburban adolescents. Conclusion: There is no difference in orthodontic treatment needs between urban adolescents and suburban adolescents.

Keywords: Orthodontic treatment needs, Indikator Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti (IKPO), urban adolescents, suburban adolescent

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keterlibatan ayah dengan masalah perilaku remaja di Jakarta Pusat. Masalah perilaku yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah masalah emosional, distres psikologis, conduct problem, dan perilaku kekerasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan alat ukur keterlibatan ayah, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) untuk mengukur masalah emosional dan conduct problem, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) untuk mengukur distres psikologis, dan alat ukur perilaku kekerasan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X yang berasal dari tiga sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Jakarta Pusat dan ayah yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 403 responden anak dan 133 responden ayah dipilih melalui teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan teknik analisis data pearson correlation test, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keterlibatan ayah dan tiga bentuk masalah perilaku, yakni masalah emosional, distres psikologis, serta conduct problem. Adapun pada perilaku kekerasan tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan keterlibatan ayah.

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This quantitative study investigated the relationship between father involvement and behavior problems among adolescents in Central Jakarta. Behavior problems consisted of emotional problem, psychological distress, conduct problem, and violent behavior. Father involvement inventory are used to measure father involvement, subtest of emotional symptom and conduct problem of The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure emotional and conduct problem, The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) to measure psychological distress, and violent behavior inventory to measure violent behavior. There were 403 adolescents and 133 father participated in this study, selected by random sampling. According to measurement using Pearson Correlation Test, the results indicated that there were significant relationships between father involvement and emotional problem, psychological distress, as well as conduct problem. No significant relationships were found between father involvement and violent behavior."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua tipe ruminasi (intrusive dan deliberate) terhadap posttraumatic growth pada remaja yang mengalami pengalaman buruk. Ruminasi merupakan pemikiran yang berulang-ulang mengenai suatu pengalaman, sementara posttraumatic growth merupakan perubahan psikologis positif sebagai hasil perjuangan menghadapi situasi hidup yang amat menantang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga instrumen: Ceklis Pengalaman Buruk, Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI), dan Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Revised for Children and Adolescents (PTGI-R-C). Sebanyak 276 remaja usia 13-19 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Ditemukan bahwa kedua tipe ruminasi memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap posttraumatic growth. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh intrusive rumination terhadap posttraumatic growth dimediasi oleh deliberate rumination.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of two types of rumination (intrusive and deliberate) on posttraumatic growth among adolescents who experienced negative events. Three instruments were used in this study: Negative Experience Checklist, Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Revised for Children and Adolescents (PTGI-R-C). 276 adolescents age of 13-19 years old participated in this study. The result of this study showed that both types of rumination positively and significantly affect posttraumatic growth. Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of intrusive rumination to posttraumatic growth is mediated by deliberate rumination."

"Background: nowadays, specific IgE measurement has been conducted in Indonesia, however there is still lack of data regarding diagnostic test to detect inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of specific IgE test in diagnosing specific sensitization of inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies.Methods: this was a cross sectional study in patients with respiratory allergies and part of epidemiology study regarding to specific IgE sensitization in Allergy-Immunollogy Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta within November-December 2016. Measurement of specific IgE sensitization using Immunoblot method (Euroline, Euroimmun AG, Germany). The tested allergen is house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) and cockroach Blatella germanica (Bla g). The result is compared with gold standard, skin prick test. The diagnostic result includes sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-).Results: a total of 101 patients were enrolled; 77 (76.2%) were women. Patients mean age was 38.8 years old. Based on SPT, sensitization was highest for Blo t (76.2%), followed by Der p (70.3%), Der f (69.3%), and Bla g (41.6%). Specific IgE-sensitization was highest for Der f (52.9%), followed by Der p (38.2%), Blo t (33.3%) and Bla g (10.8%). Der p allergen had 50.7% sentivity, 90% specificity, 92.3% PPV, 43.5% NPV, 5.1 LR+ and 0.1LR-. Der f showed 71.4% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 82.6% PPV, 57.4% NPV, 5.5 LR+ and 0.3 LR-. Blo t allergen had 41.6% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity, 94.1% PPV, 32.8% NPV, 5.0 LR+, and 0.6 LR-. Bla g allergen had 23.8% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, 90.9% PPV, 64.4% NPV, 14.5 LR+ and 0.8 LR-.Conclusion: serum specific IgE testing to common inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergy showed only low-to-moderate sensitivity, but high specificity and PPV. This new assay can be used to diagnose allergen sensitization in the population with high prevalence of TDR and cockroach.

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Latar belakang: pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum baru diperkenalkan di Indonesia, tetapi belum ada data uji diagnostik mengenai kinerjanya dalam mendeteksi alergen hirupan yang sering pada pasien alergi pernapasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan akurasi diagnostik pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen hirupan tertentu pada pasien alergi pernapasan.

Metode: penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada pasien alergi pernapasan dan merupakan bagian dari studi epidemiologi mengenai sensitisasi IgE spesifik di Divisi Alergi-Immunologi, RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, pada bulan November sampai Desember 2016. Pengukuran sensitisasi IgE spesifik dilakukan dengan metode imunoblot (Euroline®, Euroimmun AG, Germany). Alergen yang diuji adalah tungau debu rumah [Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t)], dan kecoa [Blatella germanica (Bla g)]. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku emas uji tusuk kulit. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan meliputi sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive predicitive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio positif dan negatif (LR+ and LR-).

Hasil: sebanyak 101 pasien dilibatkan dalam studi, 77 (76,2%) di antaranya adalah perempuan. Rerata usia pasien adalah 38,8 tahun. Berdasarkan uji tusuk kulit, sensitisasi tertinggi yang didapatkan adalah terhadap Blo t (76,2%), disusul oleh Der p (70,3%), Der f (69,3%), dan Bla g (41,6%). Sensitisasi IgE-spesifik tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Der f (52,9%), diikuti oleh Der p (38,2%), Blo t (33,3%) dan Bla g (10,8%). Alergen Der p memiliki 50,7% sentivitas, 90% spesifisitas, 92,3% PPV, 43,5% NPV, 5,1 LR+ dan 0,1 LR-. Der f memperlihatkan 71,4% sensitivitas, 87,1% spesifisitas, 82,6% PPV, 57,4% NPV, 5,5 LR+ dan 0,3 LR-. Alergen Blo t menunjukkan 41,6% sensitivitas, 91,7% spesifisitas, 94,1% PPV, 32,8% NPV, 5,0 LR+, dan 0,6 LR-. Alergen Bla g menghasilkan 23,8% sensitivitas, 98,3% spesifisitas, 90,9% PPV, 64,4% NPV, 14,5 LR+ dan 0,8 LR-.

Kesimpulan: pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum terhadap alergen inhalan pada pasien alergi pernapasan memperlihatkan sensitivitas rendah sampai sedang, tetapi spesifisitas dan PPV yang tinggi. Pemeriksaan dapat digunakan mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen pada populasi dengan prevalensi TDR dan kecoa yang tinggi."

"Pada masa remaja, individu sudah memiliki minat untuk berpacaran, namun banyak orang tua yang melarang anak remajanya berpacaran. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan konflik di antara mereka atau justru membuat anak berpacaran tanpa sepengetahuan orang tua. Orang tua melarang anak remajanya berpacaran karena mereka memiliki pandangan negatif tentang pacaran pada remaja, padahal ini belum tentu benar. Konsep pacaran dan perilaku pacaran pada remaja perlu diketahui agar orang tua dapat menyikapi dengan lebih bijaksana keinginan anaknya untuk berpacaran dan dapat mengantisipasi terjadinya hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan berkaitan dengan pacaran. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi sebagai pendukung hasil wawancara. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada remaja awal karena konflik antara orang tua dan anaknya berkaitan dengan dengan masalah pacaran memuncak pada masa remaja awal (Medinnus & Johnson, 1969). Subjek penelitian berjumlah empat orang (2 orang laki-laki dan 2 orang perempuan) berusia 14-15 tahun, yang termasuk ke dalam kategori remaja awal menurut Lerner (1993). Keempat subjek memiliki konsep pacaran yang berbeda-beda, namun mereka memiliki kesamaan dalam karakteristik esensial pacaran, yaitu adanya "penembakan" untuk menjadi pacar. Tiga dari empat subjek menampilkan perilaku pacaran yang serupa, yaitu mengobrol, jalan-jalan, mengunjungi rumah pacar/dikunjungi, berpegangan tangan, cium pipi, berpelukan, dan berciuman bibir.

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In adolescence, an individual usually has already had interest to go dating, but many parents forbid their children to do so. This situation can lead to a conflict between them or cause the adolescent to go dating without his/her parents know about it. The parents forbid their children to go dating because they have negative thoughts about dating in early adolescence, even though these thoughts may not be correct. The dating concept and dating behavior need to be known so parents can respond more wisely on dealing with their adolescent children?s interest to go dating and so they can anticipate the negative things caused by dating. The researcher in this study uses a qualitative approach with interview method and observation method to support the result of the interview.

This research is focused among early adolescents because conflict between parents and their children related to dating issues is peaking in early adolescence (Medinnus & Johnson, 1969). There are 4 subjects of the research (2 males and 2 females) aged 14-15 years old, which fall under the category of early adolescence according to Lerner (1993). All four subjects have different dating concept, but they have similarity in essential characteristic of dating, that is there must be a proposal to be someone?s girlfriend/boyfriend. Three of the four subjects have similar dating behavior, namely having conversation, going somewhere together, visiting the partner?s house/being visited by the partner, holding hands, kissing cheeks, hugging, and lip kissing."