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"This book reviews the shift in the historiography of computing from inventors and innovations to a user-perspective, and examines how the relevant sources can be created, collected, preserved, and disseminated. The text describes and evaluates a project in Sweden that documented the stories of around 700 people. The book also provides a critical discussion on the interpretation of oral evidence, presenting three case studies on how this evidence can inform us about the interaction of computing with large-scale transformations in economies, cultures, and societies."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Pajanan rendah xylene dapat menyebabkan gangguan neurotoksik. Upaya untuk pencegahan dampak neurotoksik tersebut antara lain deteksi gejala dini neurotoksik. Penelitian tentang pajanan rendah xylene dalam jangka waktu lama pada pekerja di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan pajanan rendah xylene dengan terjadinya gejala dini neurotoksik. Metode. Desain cross sectional, dilakukan pada 97 orang pekerja terpajan xylene. Tingkat pajanan xylene ditentukan dengan metode semikuantitatif. Menggunakan data sekunder pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pekerja dan hasil pengisian kuesioner Swedish Q16. Hasil. Prevalensi gejala dini neurotoksik didapatkan pada 19,6% pekerja dengan pajanan rendah xylene dalam jangka waktu lama. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan (exposure rating) xylene dengan terjadinya gejala dini neurotoksik (p = 0,036). Faktor umur, status gizi, masa kerja, kebiasaan merokok, minum kopi dan alkohol, serta penggunaan APD tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan gejala dini neurotoksik. Kesimpulan. Pajanan rendah xylene berhubungan dengan terjadinya gejala dini neurotoksi

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ABSTRACT

Background. Low exposure of xylene can cause neurotoxic disorders. Early detection by using Swedish Q16 questionnaire can help prevent neurotoxic effects. There has only been a few study on long-term, low xylene exposure in Indonesian workers. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between low xylene exposure and early neurotoxic symptoms. Method. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 97 workers exposed to xylene. The exposure level was determined with semiquantitative methods, using secondary data from annual medical check-up from workers and Swedish Q 16 questionnaires. Results. Early neurotoxic symptoms prevalence were found in 19.6% workers who are exposed to low level of xylene in long term. There is a significant relationship between xylene exposure rating (ER) with early neurotoxic symptom (p=0.036). Other factors, including age, nutritional status, period of employment , smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, and the use of PPE was not significantly associated with early symptom of neurotoxicity. Conclusion. Low xylene exposure is associated with early symptom of neurotoxic."

"In the following I propose to survey research trends in the study of Japanese early modern history, in particular the history of Japanese foreign relations at the start of the early modern period, with a focus on the system of so-called “national seclusion” (sakoku). On an earlier occasion, in an article entitled “Development of Japanese: Studies on Sakoku (Closing the Country): A Survey “in this same Acia Asiatica (No. 22, 1972), I similarly reviewed currents in “national seclusion studies’ in Japan and research trends in the study of the history of Japanese foreign relations at the start of the early modern period with respect to research from the second half of the nineteenth century through to the late 1960’s. the present article may be regarded as a sequel to this earlier paper, and dealing chiefly with articles and books published by Japanese researches between 1070 and the early 1990’s and focusing primarily on the subject of the reexamination of “national seclusion” I have set out to summarize in my own way the currents and trends in Japanese research on the history of foreign relations during this period. The reader should note at the outset, however, that it has not been my intention to present an exhaustive review of every individual study pertaining to the subject at hand."