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"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara Parenting Self-Efficacy dan Persepsi Dukungan Sosial pada ibu tunggal bekerja dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya (usia 5-12 tahun). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan termasuk dalam penelitian korelasional serta menggunakan non-probability sampling design. Responden berjumlah 30 orang ibu tunggal bekerja dan diambil datanya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan alat ukur Self Efficacy for Parenting Task Index dari Coleman dan Karraker (2000) dan Multidimensional of Perceived Social Support dari Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet dan Farley (1988). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Parenting Self-Efficacy dan Persepsi Dukungan Sosial (r = 0,0079 ; p > 0,05). Domain Parenting Self-Efficacy yang memiliki nilai mean tertinggi adalah Health dan domain yang memiliki nilai terendah adalah Recreation. Domain Persepsi Dukungan Sosial yang memiliki nilai mean tertinggi adalah Keluarga sedangkan domain Teman memiliki nilai mean terendah.

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This study determined to see wether there’s correlation between Parenting Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support on working single-mother with children in middle childhood (5-12 years) or not. This study formed in correlational quantitative research which used nonprobability sampling design. The respondents were 30 respondents of working single-mother. The data was taken with Self Efficacy for Parenting Task Index from Coleman and Karraker (2000) to measure Parenting Self Efficacy and Multidimensional of Perceived Social Support from Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet dan Farley (1988) to measure Perceived Social Support.

The result indicated that there's no significant positive correlation between the two variables with r = 0,0079 and p > 0,05. Domain Health had the highest mean score and domain Recreation had the lowest mean score in Parenting Self-Efficacy. In Perceived Social Support, domain Family had the highest mean score whereas domain Friends had the lowest mean score."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya serta mendapatkan gambaran deskriptif tentang parenting self-efficacy dan dukungan sosial yang dimiliki ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Pengukuran dukungan sosial menggunakan alat ukur Social Provisions Scale (Cutrona & Troutman, 1987) dan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan berjumlah 60 orang ibu bekerja yang memiliki karakteristik memiliki jam kerja lebih dari 40 jam per minggu dan memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya (r = 0.482; p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi dukungan sosial yang dirasakan seseorang, maka semakin tinggi parenting selfefficacy yang dimilikinya. Dimensi parenting self-efficacy terendah pada ibu bekerja dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya adalah dimensi disiplin dan dimensi tertinggi adalah dimensi kesehatan. Dimensi dukungan sosial terendah yang pada ibu bekerja dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya adalah dimensi emosional, dan dimensi tertinggi adalah dimensi informasional. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dukungan sosial bagi ibu yang bekerja perlu terus dikembangkan agar dapat memiliki parenting self-efficacy yang tinggi.

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This research was conducted to find the correlation between social support and parenting self-efficacy among working mothers of middle childhood children and how are the conditions of parenting self-efficacy and social support among working mothers of middle childhood children. Social support was measured using a modification instrument from Social Provisions Scale (Cutrona & Troutman, 1986) and parenting self-efficacy was measured using an adapted instrument named Self-Efficay for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The participants of this research are 60 working mothers who have middle childhood children.

The main results of this research show that social support positively correlated significantly with parenting self-efficacy (r = 0.482; p = 0.000, significant at L.o.S 0.01). That is, the higher social support felt by one, the higher parenting self-efficacy one has. Furthermore, discipline found as the lowest domain and health found as the highest domain of parenting self-efficacy. Emotional support found as the lowest and informational support found as the highest social support felt by working mothers. Based on these results, social support to working mothers needs to be developed so that working mothers can have higher parenting self-efficacy."

"Meningkatnya jumlah ibu penderita HIV/AIDS di Indonesia membuat perlunya untuk mengetahui dinamika kehidupan mereka, terutama keyakinannya dalam melakukan parenting terhadap anak. Keyakinan dalam melakukan parenting ini disebut sebagai parenting self-efficacy (Coleman & Karraker, 1997). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan parenting self-efficacy dan dukungan sosial pada ibu dengan HIV/AIDS yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Pengukuran parenting self-efficacy dilakukan melalui alat ukur Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), sedangkan dukungan sosial diukur melalui dua komponen—yaitu persepsi terhadap jumlah orang yang dapat diandalkan dan kepuasan akan dukungan yang ada—dalam alat ukur Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form (SSQSR) (Sarason, Sarason, Shearin & Pierce, 1987). Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 30 ibu yang terinfeksi HIV dan memiliki anak usia lima hingga dua belas tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara parenting self-efficacy dengan persepsi jumlah dukungan sosial (r = 0,386 ; n = 30; p < 0,05, two-tail) dan juga kepuasan akan dukungan sosial (r = 0,409 ; n = 30; p < 0,05, two-tail). Artinya, semakin tinggi parenting self-efficacy ibu, semakin tinggi pula dukungan sosial yang ibu persepsikan; begitu pula sebaliknya. Ditemukan pula bahwa domain parenting self-efficacy tertinggi adalah nurturance sedangkan yang terendah adalah disiplin. Analisis tambahan juga menemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada parenting self-efficacy ibu dengan HIV/AIDS berdasarkan urutan kelahiran anak mereka yang berusia kanak-kanak madya.

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Mothers living with HIV/AIDS are significantly increasing in Indonesia. By then, it's important to know further about their life, including their belief in parenting their children. The mother’s belief in parenting is called parenting self-efficacy (Coleman & Karraker, 1997). This study examined the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and social support among HIV/AIDS mothers with middle childhood children.

Parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while social support measured through it's two elements (the perception of available others to whom one can turn in times of need and the degree of satisfaction with the available support) in Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form (SSQSR) (Sarason, Sarason, Shearin & Pierce, 1987). The participants in this study were 30 mothers infected HIV with middle childhood children.

The result shows that there is a significant, positive relationship between parenting self-efficacy and both of the elements of social support, which are the perception of social support numbers (r = 0,386 ; n = 30; p < 0,05, two-tail) and the satisfaction of the support (r = 0,409 ; n = 30; p < 0,05, two-tail). Those indicates that the higher mothers parenting self efficacy, the higher they perceive social support, and vice versa. This study also found that the highest domain in parenting self-efficacy is nurturance, while the lowest is discipline. Furthermore, this study found that there is a difference between mothers parenting self-efficacy based on their middle childhood child's ordinal position."

"[ABSTRAKbrTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dengan hardiness sebagai respon dari fenomena meningkatknya jumlah ibu tunggal bekerja dan memiliki kanak-kanak madya di Indonesia, agar bisa membantu menghadapi tekanan perannya dengan baik. Parenting self-efficacy adalah persepsi kemampuan dalam pengasuhan yang dimilikinya untuk secara positif mempengaruhi perilaku dan perkembangan anak (Coleman dan Karraker, 2000), sedangkan hardiness adalah variabel kepribadian yang memberikan kemampuan bagi individu untuk bertahan dalam kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan di dalam hidupnya (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 78 ibu tunggal bekerja yang memiliki kanak-kanak madya dengan metode kuesioner. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara positif antara parenting self-efficacy dengan hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) yang diukur oleh 36 item Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) dan 15 item Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).;The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).;The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R)., The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness in respond to the phenomenon of the increasing number of single mother in Indonesia, in order to help them face the pressure of their role. Parenting self-efficacy refers to parents' perceptions of their ability to posi-tively influence the behavior and development of their children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), while hardiness is a personality variable that functions as a resource to resist the negative consequences of adverse conditions (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982). This correlational research has been done with 78 sample of working single mothers of middle childhood with a quetionaire method. The result shows that there‟s a positive and significant correlation between parenting self-efficacy and hardiness (r = + 0.354; p < 0.01, two tails) that is measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), and 15 items of Dispositional Resilience Scale 15 Revised (DRS-15 R).]"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara loneliness dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu tunggal yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya. Pengukuran loneliness dilakukan dengan menggunakan Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) yang dikonstruksikan oleh DiTommaso dan Spinner (1993), sedangkan parenting self-efficacy diukur dengan menggunakan Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) yang dikonstruksikan oleh Coleman dan Karraker (2000). Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah 37 ibu tunggal akibat bercerai yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara loneliness dengan parenting self-efficacy (r = - .343; n = 37; p < 0,05, one-tail). Artinya, semakin tinggi loneliness ibu tunggal, semakin rendah parenting self-efficacy-nya; begitu pula sebaliknya. Terdapat dua dari tiga dimensi loneliness yang ditemukan memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan parenting self-efficacy. Kedua dimensi tersebut adalah keluarga dan sosial. Korelasi antara keluarga dan parenting self-efficacy ditemukan lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan korelasi antara sosial dan parenting self-efficacy. Di samping itu, loneliness ditemukan tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan setiap domain parenting self-efficacy, tetapi dimensi romantis memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan domain kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, hubungan dengan anggota keluarga yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh ibu tunggal yang memiliki anak usia kanak madya agar respon ibu tunggal terhadap kondisinya menjadi lebih positif, dan sejalan dengan hal tersebut diharapkan parenting self-efficacy ibu tunggal meningkat.

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This study examined the relationship between loneliness and parenting self-efficacy among single mothers of middle childhood children. Loneliness was measured by Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale or SELSA (DiTommaso & Spinner, 1993), whereas parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index or SEPTI (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The respondents of this study were 37 Indonesia single mothers of middle childhood.

This study obtain a significant, negative relationship between loneliness and parenting selfefficacy (r = -.343; n = 37; p < .05, one-tailed). It indicates that the higher single mothers’ loneliness, the lower their parenting self-efficacy, and vice versa. Next, there are two out three dimension of loneliness that have significant, negative relationship to parenting self-efficacy, they are family and social, where family has higher correlation than social.

On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between loneliness and parenting self-efficacy’s domains, yet there is a significant, negative relationship between romantic dimension and health domain. Based on these results, single mothers need to increase their family relationship's quality in order to help them accepting their status and condition as single mothers, while increasing their parenting self-efficacy as well."

"Coleman & Karraker (2000) menyebutkan elemen kognitif utama yang potensial dari kompetensi pengasuhan salah satunya adalah parenting self-efficacy. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi parenting self-efficacy tersebut adalah dukungan sociomarital. Belsky's juga menyatakan bahwa hubungan pernikahan adalah dukungan social utama dalam mekanisme kompetensi parenting (dalam Bogenschneider, Small, Tsay, 1997). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mengenai perbedaan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu tunggal bekerja dan ibu menikah bekerja penuh waktu dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengunakan alat ukur "Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index" (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan parenting self-efficacy antara ibu tunggal dan ibu menikah bekerja dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya dengan nilai (t = 2.019, p = 0.048, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.05).

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Coleman & Karraker (2000) states that one of the potential main cognitive element of parenting competence is parenting self-efficacy. Sociomarital support is one of the factors that affects parenting self-efficacy. Belsky's also explains that marital relation is the focal social support in parenting competence mechanism (in Bogenschneider, Small, Tsay, 1997). The research aims to know the difference between single working mother and married working mother who both working full time and having middle-aged children. The research is conducted using the "Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index" measuring instrument (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The result concludes there is significant difference in parenting self-efficacy between single working mother and married working mother who both have middle-aged children with score (t = 2.019, p = 0.048, significant in L.o.S 0.05)."

"Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya di benua Amerika. Adanya perbedaan budaya Amerika dan Asia membuat peneliti akan melakukan penelitian serupa di benua Asia, khususnya di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Partisipan penelitian adalah 302 orangtua pada rentang usia 25-45 tahun, yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya (5-12 tahun). Parenting self-efficacy adalah estimasi orangtua terhadap kompetensinya dalam menjalankan peran sebagai orangtua atau persepsi orangtua terhadap kemampuannya dalam memberikan pengaruh yang positif pada tingkah laku dan perkembangan anak (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), dan strategi pengasuhan adalah berbagai bentuk tingkah laku orangtua untuk mengarahkan dan memengaruhi perilaku anak (Laforce, 2004). Teknik statistik yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, yang diukur oleh 36 aitem Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) dan 59 aitem Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) ? refined version. Hasil tersebut berarti semakin tinggi strategi pengasuhan yang dimiliki orangtua, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua. Implikasi dari penelitian ini akan didiskusikan selanjutnya.

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Researches have shown the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children in America. Culture differences between America and Asia brings this study to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in Asia, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Participants in this study were 302 parents in age range from 25 to 45, who have child at middle childhood age (5-12 years old). Parenting self-efficacy is parents? estimation of their competences in parenting or parents? perception of their ability to provide positive influence in child behavior and child development (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), and parenting strategies are various forms of parents? behavior to direct and affect child?s behavior (Laforce, 2004). Statistical techniques that used in this study was Pearson correlation. The result of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in parents with child at middle childhood age, with coefficient correlation r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, as measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) and 59 aitems of Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) - refined version. This result shows the higher parents parenting strategies, then the higher level of parenting self efficacy in parents. Implication of this study are discussed."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita taraf ringan dan sedang usia kanak-kanak madya. Pengukuran parenting stress menggunakan adaptasi alat ukur Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) dan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 47 ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita ringan dan sedang usia kanak-kanak madya (r = - 0.634, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi parenting stress yang dialami ibu, maka semakin rendah parenting self-efficacy yang dimiliki ibu. Selain itu, hasil tambahan penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita taraf ringan dan sedang.

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This research was conducted to find the correlation between parenting stress and parenting self efficacy among mothers of middle childhood with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Parenting stress was measured using an adaptation instrument named Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) and parenting self efficacy was measured using an adaptation instrument named Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The participants of this research are 47 mothers who have middle childhood with intellectual disability.

The main results of this research show that parenting stress negatively correlated significantly with parenting self efficacy (r = - 0.634, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). That is, the higher mother‟s parenting stress, the lower parenting self efficacy. In addition, the additional results of this research have found that there is a significant difference in parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy among mothers of children with mild and moderate intellectual disability."

"Penelitian skripsi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara father involvement dengan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran father involvement menggunakan alat ukur Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) yang disusun oleh Hawkins dkk (2002), sedangkan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) yang disusun oleh Coleman & Karakker (2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 79 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 5 - 12 tahun.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara father involvement dengan parenting selfefficacy (r = + 0,431; n = 79; p < 0,01; one tail). Dari hasil ini dapat dikatakan bahwa semakin tinggi keterlibatan suami dalam proses parenting, maka semakin tinggi pula parenting self-efficacy ibu. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut keterlibatan ayah dalam proses parenting perlu ditingkatkan karena dapat meningkatkan keyakinan ibu akan kemampuannya untuk menjalankan peran sebagai orangtua bagi anak-anaknya.

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This research was conducted to determine the relationship between father involvement and parenting self-efficacy among mothers of middle childhood. Father involvement was measured by Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) (Hawkins et.al, 2002), parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self -Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karakker, 2000). Participants in this study were 79 mothers of children aged 5 - 12 years.

The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between father involvement and parenting self-efficacy (r = + 0,431; n = 79; p < 0,01; one tail). From these results it can be said that the higher the father’s involvement in the parenting process, the higher the mother's parenting self-efficacy. Based on these results the involvement of fathers in the parenting process needs to be improved because the mother will have increased confidence in their ability to perform the role of a parent for their children."