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"This volume will provide an important contemporary reference on hearing development and will lead to new ways of thinking about hearing in children and about remediation for children with hearing loss. Much of the material in this volume will document that a different model of hearing is needed to understand hearing during development."

"This book will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out."

"This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex, second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. "

"Ruang lingkup dan Cara penelitian: Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi prestasi belajar seseorang. Namun demikian, kiranya akan sangat bermanfaat apabila dapat dikembangkan suatu parameter yang dapat dijadikan prediktor kemampuan belajar. Belakangan event related potential (ERP) dengan gelombang P300-nya telah mulai digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian mengenai pengolahan informasi sebagai salah satu aspek proses belajar. Parameter ini lebih menggambarkan proses mental dan tidak bergantung pada respon motorik. Namun di Indonesia alat ini masih langka. Sedangkan alat pencatat WR lebih mudah diperoleh. Di luar negeri Waktu Reaksi (WR) telah cukup intensif digunakan untuk menyimpulkan pengolahan informasi berdasarkan apa yang tampak dari luar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dasar mengenai korelasi antara P300 dengan WR dan mengikutsertakan 38 orang mahasiswa. P300 dicatat pagi hari setelah makan dalam tiga keadaan yaitu steady state, tugas kecepatan maksimum dan tugas ketepatan maksimum sambil menghitung. Lokasi pencatatan adalah Cz dan Fz. Waktu reaksi yang diaplikasikan adalah Waktu Reaksi pilihan.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Masa laten P300 menunjukkan variasi antar individu yang relatif sempit dengan koefisien variasi 8-12%. WR juga memperlihatkan variasiyang kecil dengan koefisien variasi 12%. Sedangkan amplitudo P300 memperlihatkan variasi yang cukup besar dengan koefisien variasi 41-56%. Masa laten P300 pada keadaan steady state, kecepatan maksimum serta ketepatan maksimum sambil menghitung, baik di lokasi pencatatan Cz maupun Fz, tidak berkorelasi dengan WR. Amplitudo P300 pada keadaan steady state dan pada tugas ketepatan maksimum sambil menghitung, di lokasi pencatatan Cz maupun Fz, tidak berkorelasi dengan Waktu Reaksi. Amplitudo P300 pada tugas kecepatan maksimum berkorelasi dengan WR. Di lokasi pencatatan Fz dengan r=-0.4855, p<0.005, sedangkan di lokasi Cz r=-0.4278, p<0.01. Tampaknya rekrutmen saraf yang terlibat dalam pengolahan informasi relatif lebih berpengaruh terhadap WR. Hal ini diindikasikan oleh profil korelasi antara amplitudo P300 dengan Waktu Reaksi.

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Correlation Between P300 And Reaction Time In Students During Auditory TasksScope and methodology: There are many factors that could affect learning process and learning achievement. Nevertheless, it could be quite beneficial if certain parameters be developed to predict the learning capabilities and potency. During the last two decades there has been considerable interest in using neurological based diagnostic measures to distinguish individuals experiencing learning disabilities from normal population. Speaking of these, event related potential (ERP), with P300 as one of its most popular component, affords the opportunity to examine relationships between neural activity and behavior for very specific stimulus events. But such facility is very limited in Indonesia. On the other hand Reaction Time (RT) measuring apparatus is more easily available. So far RT has been intensively used to assess information processing as a component of learning process. The study was designed to explore base data about the correlation between P300 and RT in students during auditory tasks. Thirty eight medical students were involved as subjects in the study. P300 was recorded after meal in the morning while the students performing 3 auditory tasks. The tasks were steady state, speed maximizing and counting & accuracy maximizing. Reaction time assessed was Choice RT.Result and conclusion: This study indicates the occurance of a relatively slight inter-individual variation of P300 latency with 8-12% coefficient of variation. And so was the RT with 12 % coefficient of variation. On the other hand, P300 amplitude showed quite a wide inter-individual variation with 41-56 % coefficient of variation. As for the correlation, P300 latency in steady state, speed maximizing and count & accuracy maximizing tasks showed no significant correlation with RT. Neither on Fz recording, nor on Cz recording, And so the P300 amplitude with RT in steady state and count & accuracy maximizing tasks. But on the contrary, P300 amplitude in speed maximizing task showed significant correlation with RT. On Fz recording the correlation was -0.4855, p<0.005 and r=-0.4278, p<0.01 on Cz recording. It seems that neuronal recruitment in information processing relatively has a more prominent role upon RT as shown b the correlation coefficient between P300 and RT."

"Halusinasi adalah persepsi sensori palsu yang melibatkan panca indra. Klien pada karya ilmiah ini merupakan perempuan berusia 49 tahun telah mengalami halusinasi pendengaran selama belasan tahun. Instrumen Auditory Vocal Hallucination Scale Questionanre digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keparahan halusinasi pendengaran. Pemberian asuhan keperawatan generalis halusinasi telah dilakukan dan dikombinasikan dengan mendengarkan musik sebagai upaya mendistraksi halusinasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa asuhan keperawatan generalis dan penerapan mendengarkan musik sebagai distraksi halusinasi dapat menurunkan tingkat keparahan halusinasi.

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Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions that involve the five senses. The client in this study was a 49-year-old woman who had experienced auditory hallucinations for a dozen years. The Aud Auditory Vocal Hallucination Scale Questionnaire was used to measure the severity of auditory hallucinations. The provision of generalist nursing care for hallucinations has been carried out and combined with listening to music as an effort to distract hallucinations. The results show that generalist nursing care and the application of listening to music as a hallucinatory distraction can reduce the severity of hallucinations."

"Halusinasi merupakan salah satu dari gejala positif yang paling sering ditemui pada pasien dengan penyakit gangguan jiwa skizofrenia. Halusinasi adalah tanggapan dari panca indera tanpa adanya ransangan atau stimulus dari luar. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menggambarkan terkait penerapan terapi origami sebagai distraksi pada Ny. W dengan halusinasi pendengaran. Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan sesuai dengan asuhan keperawatan generalis (Ners) ditambahkan dengan terapi seni origami sebagai disraksi yang menjadi fokusnya. Pemberian intervensi dilakukan dari tanggal 20 – 27 April 2022. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat keparahan halusinasi menggunakan instrument AVHRS-Q dan evaluasi tanda gejala halusinasi menggunakan instrumen yang dibuat oleh residen FIK UI 2018. Hasilnya didapatkan penurunan tingkat keparahan dari skor 10 menjadi 6 serta turunnya tanda gejala yang dialami dari 30 menjadi 11 tanda gejala yang tersisa. Terapi seni origami ini dapat menjadi salah satu teknik distraksi yang dapat digunakan dalam mengontrol halusinasi.

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Hallucinations are one of the most common positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Hallucinations are responses from the five senses without any external stimulus. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to describe the application of origami art therapy as a distraction to Mrs. W with auditory hallucinations. Nursing care provided in accordance with generalist nursing care (Ners) was added with origami art therapy as a distraction that become the focus of intervention. The intervention was carried out from 20 – 27 April 2022. The evaluation was carried out by measuring the severity of hallucinations using the AVHRS-Q instrument and evaluating signs of hallucinations using an instrument made by the resident of FIK UI 2018. The result was a decrease in severity from a score of 10 to 6 and decreased from 30 to 11 remaining symptoms. Origami art therapy can be a distraction technique that can be used to control hallucinations."

"Halusinasi merupakan salah satu gejala skizofrenia paranoid. Halusinasi merupakan persepsi sensorik palsu yang tidak berkaitan dengan stimulus eksternal yang nyata. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk menyampaikan asuhan keperawatan halusinasi pada Tn. R dengan skizofrenia paranoid. Proses asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan standar asuhan keperawatan generalis kepada Tn. R yang berusia 28 tahun selama 11 hari rawat pada tanggal 7 ndash; 18 Mei 2018. Implementasi keperawatan berfokus pada kemampuan klien mengenal dan mengontrol halusinasinya serta mengikuti program pengobatan secara optimal. Intervensi keperawatan memberikan dampak yang positif kepada klien terlihat dari penurunan tanda dan gejala halusinasi yang diperlihatkan oleh klien serta kemampuan klien mengaplikasikan kegiatan yang dilatih. Rencana tindak lanjut pelayanan keperawatan diharapkan dapat dimaksimalkan baik secara individu, keluarga dan kelompok.

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Hallucination is one of clinical manifestations of paranoid schizophrenia. Hallucination is a false sensory perception which has no association with the actual external stimulus. This study case aimed to elaborate on nursing care provided for Mr. R with hallucination and paranoid schizophrenia. The nursing care was provided for Mr. R, 28 year old male, for 11 days long starting from 7th to 18th of May 2018 by referring to standards of generalist nursing care. The nursing intervention emphasized on client rsquo;s ability to recognize and control his hallucination as well as to comply with the regimen program properly. The interventions provide positive impact on client as manifested by relieved signs and symptoms of hallucination and his proficiency in applying trained activities. Follow-up plan of care is supposed to be promoted for individual, family, group, and community."

"Latar belakang: Psikotik akut merupakan gangguan jiwa yang bercirikan gangguan perilaku yang parah seperti kegelisahan dan agitasi, mendengar suara atau melihat hal-hal yang tidak dapat didengar atau dilihat orang lain, kepercayaan aneh, ucapan dan tingkat emosional. ketakutan atau emosi berubah dengan cepat, seperti dari menangis menjadi tertawa. Halusinasi pendengaran adalah halusinasi yang dialami oleh 60% hingga 80% penderita psikotik. Kasus: Ny. IP (24 tahun) diantar oleh keluarga ke rumah sakit karena berbicara sendiri dan marah-marah di rumah. Selama di rumah sakit, pasien mengalami halusinasi pendengaran, harga diri rendah kronik, risiko perilaku kekerasan, dan isolasi sosial. Diskusi: Asuhan keperawatan dimulai dari pengkajian, analisa data, perencanaan, implementasi hingga evaluasi.Seluruh proses asuhan keperawatan dilakukan selama 13 hari sejak tanggal 23 September – 7 Oktober 2022 di ruangan Utari Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr H. Marzoeki Mahdi (RSJMM) Bogor. Intervensi yang diberikan kepada Ny. E dilakukan sesuai standar asuhan keperawatan generalis untuk setiap diagnosis keperawatan yang muncul serta dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan terapi psikoreligius mengaji. Kesimpulan: Penerapan intervensi keperawatan generalis dengan pendekatan terapi psikoreligius: mengaji terhadap pasien Ny. IP dengan masalah keperawatan halusinasi pendengaran terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi tanda dan gejala halusinasi, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam mengontrol halusinasi.

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Background: Acute psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by severe behavioral disorders such as restlessness and agitation, hearing sounds or seeing things that other people cannot hear or see, strange beliefs, speech and emotional levels. fear or emotion changes rapidly, such as from crying to laughing. Auditory hallucinations are hallucinations experienced by 60% to 80% of psychotic sufferers. Case: Mrs. IP (24 years old) was brought by his family to the hospital because he was talking to himself and being angry at home. While in hospital, patients experience auditory hallucinations, chronic low self-esteem, risk of violent behavior, and social isolation. Discussion: Nursing care starts from assessment, data analysis, planning, implementation to evaluation. The entire nursing care process is carried out for 13 days from 23 September to 7 October 2022 in the Utari room of the Dr H. Marzoeki Mahdi Mental Hospital (RSJMM) Bogor. The intervention given to Mrs. E is carried out according to generalist nursing care standards for each nursing diagnosis that appears and is combined with a psychoreligious therapy approach to the Koran. Conclusion: The application of generalist nursing interventions with a psychoreligious therapy approach: reciting the patient of Mrs. IP with auditory hallucinations nursing problems proved effective in reducing signs and symptoms of hallucinations, can improve the ability to control hallucinations."

"ABSTRAKAnak tuli prelingual akan kehilangan fungsi mendengar dan bicara, sehingga akan berpengaruh pada komunikasi, psikologis, dan kualitas hidup. Implan koklea hadir sebagai alat habilitasi terutama pada anak dengan tuli derajat berat dan sangat berat. Tesis ini akan membahas mengenai data karakteristik anak 6 ndash; 12 bulan pasca implantasi koklea, evaluasi perkembangan auditori dan bicara anak serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil keluaran. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif potong lintang, menggunakan metode penilaian berupa pengamatan yang bersifat global yaitu Categories Auditory Performance CAP - II dan Speech Intelligibility Rate SIR . Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 36 subjek, median CAP-II pada anak 6 ndash; 12 bulan pasca implantasi koklea ialah 3 skor minimal 2 - maksimal 7 . Penilaian kemampuan bicara dengan menggunakan metode SIR anak pasca 6 -12 bulan implantasi koklea didapatkan median 2 skor minimal 1 dan maksimal 4 . Median waktu saat evaluasi 8,9 bulan dengan pencapaian 33,3 subjek dalam kategori CAP tinggi skor 5 atau lebih , dan 38,89 subjek yang mencapai kategori SIR tinggi skor 3 atau lebih.

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ABSTRACT

Prelingual deaf children caused the child unable to hear and speak, impacting his or her ability to communicate, psychological growth, and overall life quality of the child. Cochlear implant comes as habilitating device mainly for children with severe and profound deafness. This thesis will discuss and explain in children 39 s characteristic data on 6 ndash 12 months after cochlear implantation, evaluating their speech and auditory development and other influencing factors. This research is descriptive cross sectional study and observe child using global method Categories Auditory Performance CAP II and Speech Intelligibility Rate SIR . This research is conducted on 36 subjects, with median CAP II score of 3 minimum 2 maximum 7 at 6 ndash 12 months post cochlear implantation. Speech ability evaluation using SIR method with median score of 2 minimum 1 maximum 4 . Median hearing age for this study sample was 8,9 months. After 6 12 months cochlear implantation, 33.3 children that reach high CAP scores CAP score of 5 or greater , and only 38.9 reaching high SIR scores SIR score of 3 or greater."