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"The book discusses how the use of some election rules embedded in the U.S. Constitution and in the presidential succession Act may cause skewed or weird election outcomes and election stalemates. The book argues that the act may not cover some rare though possible situations which the twentieth amendment authorizes congress to address. Also, the book questions the constitutionality of the national popular vote plan to introduce a direct popular presidential election de facto, without amending the constitution, and addresses the plan?s ?achilles? heel.? In particular, the book shows that the plan may violate the equal protection clause from the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. Numerical examples are provided to show that the counterintuitive claims of the NPV originators and proponents that the plan will encourage presidential candidates to ?chase? every vote in every state do not have any grounds. Finally, the book proposes a plan for improving the election system by combining at the national level the ?one state, one vote? principle, embedded in the constitution, and the ?one person, one vote? principle. "

"ABSTRAKOne of the agendas and results of the I until IV Amendment to the 1945 Constitution is to strengthen the Presidential system. Strengthening the presidential system synergized with reforming the party and election system must be carried out in order to achieve the objectives of governance and institutions in the framework of Indonesia 2045. The 2019 elections are simultaneously legislative and presidential elections as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. The purpose of this article, the first simultaneous election should be legislative, presidential and regional head elections simultaneously. Secondly, there are 4 objectives 1. Effectiveness and efficiency, 2. Righteous democracy, 3. creating a solid and effective government, 4. period that is more organized. Using the optics of constitutional law studies, and socio legal, strengthened and enriched historical studies of presidential, party and election systems in Indonesia and comparisons with the United States, Brazil, Argentina. There are seven recommended strategies offered in the article 1. Synergizing the Presidential Election, Legislative Elections and Regional Head Elections simultaneously in 2029, 2. Preparing the Draft Law for Regional Head Election Courts, 3. Making a blueprint of the Presidential Institution Bill, 4. Simplify party systems with an electoral threshold, 5. Simplify the number of parties in parliament with parliamentary threshold, 6. Implement a threshold presidential order to create balance in a multi party presidential system, 7. Make changes to the Election Law and Evaluate the Proposal Election system with the Sainte Lague calculation method."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penggunaan wacana eksepsionalisme Amerika dalam kampanye Donald J. Trump pada Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat tahun 2016. Untuk mengungkap penggunaan wacana eksepsionalisme Amerika dalam kampanye Trump, penelitian ini mengkaji transkrip pidato penerimaan pencalonan presiden oleh Trump pada Konvensi Nasional Partai Republik. Metodologi kualitatif dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan wacana sejarah Discourse-Historical Approach yang dikemukakan oleh Reisigl dan Wodak 2009. Selain itu, konsep komunikasi politik berupa pembingkaian emosi dari Castells 2009 juga digunakan untuk memperluas kajian penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Trump mengeksploitasi narasi identitas masyarakat Amerika Serikat dengan menggunakan wacana eksepsionalisme Amerika. Selain itu, Trump juga mengeksploitasi rasa amarah dalam menggunakan wacana eksepsionalisme Amerika.

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The thesis examines the role of American exceptionalism in Donald J. Trump's campaign in the 2016 U.S presidential election. To analyze his use of American exceptionalism, the study focuses on the speech he delivered when he accepted a presidential nomination at the Republican National Convention. The study uses a qualitative method by employing Reisigl and Wodak rsquo s 2009 Discourse Historical Approach and a political communication concept of emotional framing by Castells 2009. The results show that Trump exploited the narrative identity of American citizens by using American exceptionalism. Moreover, he also exploited anger to amplify the notion of American exceptionalism in his campaign."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Donald Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS tahun 2016. Pemilu AS 2016 tidak bisa dilepaskan dari hegemoni neoliberal. Masyarakat AS tersegmentasi ke dalam kelas penguasa dan subaltern, begitu juga dengan kelompok Latino. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini menjabarkan secara kualitatif dua faktor yang memengaruhi dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Trump yaitu faktor identifikasi partai dan orientasi isu dengan mengacu kepada kerangka teori perilaku memilih oleh Hugh Bone dan Austin Ranney. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam faktor identifikasi partai, Latino Evangelikal Protestan dan Mainline menunjukkan identifikasi kuat dengan Partai Republik. Selain itu, terdapat dukungan Latino konservatif terhadap Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS 2016. Kemudian berdasarkan segmentasi kelas ditemukan bahwa kelas elit Latino di AS adalah orang-orang Kuba yang melarikan diri ke AS dan memiliki identifikasi yang kuat dengan Partai Republik. Sedangkan masyarakat Latino kelas bawah yang mendukung Trump berasal dari daerah pedesaan dan menderita false consciousness. Kemudian dalam faktor orientasi isu, terdapat tiga isu yang secara signifikan memengaruhi dukungan Latino terhadap Trump yaitu isu ekonomi, imigrasi dan aborsi.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the factors that led to the support of Latino voters for Donald Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. The 2016 US election can not be separated from neo liberal hegemony. The US society is segmented into the ruling class and subaltern, as well as the Latino group. This study describes qualitatively two factors that affect latino voter support for Trump, i.e. party identification and issue orientation factors with reference to the framework of voters behavior theory by Hugh Bone and Austin Ranney. This study found that in the party identification factor, Latino Evangelical Protestant and Mainline showed strong identification with the Republican Party. In addition, there is conservative Latino support for Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. Then based on class segmentation this study found that the elite Latino class in the US were Cubans who fled to the US and had strong identification with the Republican Party. While lower class Latino who support Trump are from rural areas and suffer from false consciousness. In the issue orientation factor, there are three issues that significantly affect Latino support for Trump economic, immigration, and abortion issues."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini membahas tentang keputusan yang dibuat oleh U.S. Supreme Court dalam menyelesaikan kasus sengketa pemilihan presiden tahun 2000. Untuk dapat menjelaskan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep judicial activism, konsep Mahkamah Agung sebagai pembuat kebijakan nasional, enam gagasan politik dan Mahkamah Agung Federal Amerika Serikat, dan konsep Federal Supreme Court berdasarkan The Federal Papers. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan bahwa para hakim di U.S. Supreme Court dapat membuat keputusan politis karena peran mereka sebagai salah satu bagian dari cabang kekuasaan politik di pemerintahan. Dengan menggunakan fungsi politik mereka yang konstitusional, U.S. Supreme Court mencegah pelanggaran konstitusi dengan mengakhiri sengketa kasus pemilu Bush v. Gore. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa U.S. Supreme Court menggunakan fungsi politik mereka pada sengketa pemilihan presiden tahun 2000 guna mempertahankan peran mereka untuk memastikan bahwa Konstitusi tidak dilanggar dalam cara apapun, dan agar kasus tersebut tidak mencapai ranah Kongres. Fakta bahwa Bush v. Gore tidak memiliki preseden sebagai rujukan untuk penyelesaian kasus, membuat U.S. Supreme Court memiliki alasan untuk membuat keputusan politis dengan menggunakan judicial activism. Keputusan tersebut diambil guna membuat hukum dan preseden baru dari kasus Bush v. Gore, dan menjadikannya sebagai landmark case.

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ABSTRACTThis research analyses the ruling decision that of the U.S. Supreme Court on settling the Presidential / General Election dispute in the year 2000. This research analyses the issues of judicial activism, Supreme Court as a national policy maker, six notions of political, and the Federal Supreme Court concept according to the Federal Papers. This reseach argues that the justices of U.S. Supreme Court could make such political decision because their role as a part of political branch of the government. By using its constitutional political function, the Supreme Court prevents a violation of the constitution by putting an end to the Bush v. Gore dispute. This research shows that the U.S. Supreme Court had to exercise their political function on presidential election dispute by the year 2000 in order to maintain their role to make sure that the Constitution is not being violated in any way, and to avoid this case from reaching the Congress. The fact that Bush v. Gore does not have a precedent to refer to, makes the U.S. Supreme Court had their reason to make a political decision by using judicial activism. The action was taken in order to make a new law and new precedent so that the Bush v. Gore can be deemed as a landmark case."

"Film dokumenter menggambarkan dan meliput realitas, dalam era media massa dokumenter dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alat untuk menyelidiki, memicu diskusi terbuka tentang isu-isu terkini dan membayangkan dampak pengetahuan dan produksi. Agenda setting adalah sebuah konsep yang telah digunakan di politik dalam mengatur informasi mana yang dianggap paling penting bagi publik. Dengan penggambaran realita, dokumenter dapat membentuk opini publik yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat penyusunan agenda. Film dokumenter Sexy Killer dirilis di Youtube, 14 April 2019 disaat suasana pemilihan presiden 2019. Film tersebut menampilkan apa yang ada di balik industri pertambangan batu bara dan efek sampingnya terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat serta mengungkap beberapa tokoh politik termasuk kedua pasangan calon presiden. Melalui penelitian sekunder, studi pustaka dokumenter, dan menganalisis artikel berita, makalah penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh agenda setting Pilpres 2019 dan apakah film dokumenter dapat dikategorikan sebagai upaya agenda setting.

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Documentary film depicts and covers reality, in this era of mass-media documentary can be utilised as a tool to investigate, trigger open discussion of current issues and imagining impact of knowledge and production. Agenda setting is a concept that has been used in politics as it sets which information is perceived most important to the public. With its depiction of reality, documentary can mold public opinion which can be used as a tool of agenda setting. The documentary film Sexy Killer was released on Youtube, April 14th 2019 during the 2019 presidential election atmosphere. The film shows what is behind the coal mining industry and its side effects to the environment and the community and exposes several political figures including the two presidential candidates. Through secondary research, literature review of the documentary and analysing news articles, this research paper aims to understand the effects of agenda setting in the 2019 presidential election and whether the documentary can constitute as one."