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"Capital equipment purchasing can significantly influence companies’ economic success. However, in many companies the degree of professionalism of this particular form of procurement has not yet reached the required level. Likewise, from a scientific perspective, the topic leads more of a “shadowy existence”. Compared to other main groups of procurement, capital equipment features numerous characteristics that significantly impact the purchasing process. The process of purchasing capital equipment therefore requires specific attention and above all a systematic approach."

"[ABSTRAKTantangan bagi PT. Trakindo Utama pada saat ini adalah bagaimana memastikanbahwa barang-barang direct memiliki supply management yang dapat diandalkan.Terutama dalam pengadaan barang-barang direct yang berkualitas dan dengantotal biaya perolehan yang minimal. Sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak di bidangpenjualan (dealership), kualitas barang dituntut untuk selalu terjaga dengan baikdan juga biaya perolehan barang hendaknya minimal agar PT. Trakindomendapatkan keleluasaan dalam pengambilan marjin. Pada saat ini gejala yangditemukan adalah adanya keluhan dari user (enjinir) maupun pelanggan yangmemesan barang direct, yang menyatakan bahwa barang tersebut sering terdapatdefect (cacat) ataupun spesifikasi yang dipesan tidak sesuai dengan yang diminta.Jumlah retur juga semakin meningkat atas barang-barang direct. Berdasarkanstudi literatur dan jurnal, salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas barang danmenurunkan total biaya perolehan adalah dengan membina buyer-supplierrelationship. Hal ini sesuai dengan karakterisik perusahaan dealership yaitu dapatberusaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas dengan cara meningkatkan aspek diluar sisiproduksi fisik barang tersebut seperti dari sisi relasi dengan pemasoknya. Olehsebab itu, akan diteliti lebih lanjut pengaruh antara buyer-supplier relationshipdengan kualitas dan total biaya perolehan barang demi meningkatkan supplymanagement yang baik bagi PT. Trakindo Utama. Penelitian ini menggunakanmetode deskriptif, dengan pengolahan data menggunakan regresi linear sertasecara kualitatif dengan melakukan interview kepada pihak-pihak terkaitpenelitian ini.

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ABSTRACTChallenge for PT. Trakindo Utama nowadays is about how to ensure direct itemhave reliable supply management. Especially in procurement of direct goodswhich require high quality and low total cost of ownership. As a company that rundealership type of business, quality of goods is expected to be well maintained allthe time and also the total cost of ownership of the goods should be minimized inorder to get the opportunity to increase the margin. Currently, the symptom thatoccured is there is complaint from the users (engineer)/ customer because ofdefect or incorrect specification which does not comply with the intial order.Number of return to vendor is increasing also. Based on literature study andjournal, one of the solution to improve the quality and decreasing the total cost ofownership is via developing the buyer-supplier relationship. Therefore, thisresearch will continue to check whether there is influence of buyer-suppplierrelationship in quality and total cost in order to improve supply management inPT. Trakindo Utama. This research is using descriptive method and dataprocessing using linear regression. Interview is performed to confirm the result oflinear regression to the parties that related to this research, Challenge for PT. Trakindo Utama nowadays is about how to ensure direct itemhave reliable supply management. Especially in procurement of direct goodswhich require high quality and low total cost of ownership. As a company that rundealership type of business, quality of goods is expected to be well maintained allthe time and also the total cost of ownership of the goods should be minimized inorder to get the opportunity to increase the margin. Currently, the symptom thatoccured is there is complaint from the users (engineer)/ customer because ofdefect or incorrect specification which does not comply with the intial order.Number of return to vendor is increasing also. Based on literature study andjournal, one of the solution to improve the quality and decreasing the total cost ofownership is via developing the buyer-supplier relationship. Therefore, thisresearch will continue to check whether there is influence of buyer-suppplierrelationship in quality and total cost in order to improve supply management inPT. Trakindo Utama. This research is using descriptive method and dataprocessing using linear regression. Interview is performed to confirm the result oflinear regression to the parties that related to this research]"

"Rumah sakit M.H. Thamrin pada tahun 2010-2012 menggunakan dua jenis out-sourcing ( Pangan Sari dan ACS) untuk Penyelenggaraan Makanan Pasien. Akhir Tahun 2012 Rumah Sakit mengubah penyelenggaraan makan pasien dari cara kelola out-sourcing menjadi swakelola. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai cara kelola mana yang memiliki biaya satuan paling kecil.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan cara kelola dengan biaya satuan makan terbesar adalah cara kelola out-sourcing ACS dengan biaya Rp. 51.593,-/porsi. Biaya satuan makan terbesar ke dua adalah cara kelola out-sourcing Pangan sari dengan biaya Rp. 35.563,-. Biaya satuan terkecil adalah cara kelola Swakelola dengan biaya Rp.28,064,-. Biaya terbesar pada out-sourcing ACS disebabkan sistem pembayaran untuk ACS menggunakan cara Lamsam (pukul rata), sedangkan jumlah pasien terbanyak adalah di kelas II dan III.Saran dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya perhitungan tarif makan sesuai kelas perawatan yang ada. Perlu juga dilakukan survei kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan instalasi gizi.

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M.H. Thamrin Hospital in 2010-2012 used two types of out-sourcing to provide food and nutrition for patient: Pangan Sari and ACS, and later changed from out-sourcing to self-management system. The purpose of this study is to determine the most efficient provision or the lowest unit cost between the two type of outsourcing (Pangan Sari and ACS) and self-management.The study revealed that the highest unit cost was out-sourcing ACS amounted to Rp.51.593,-/portion, the second was out-sourcing Pangan Sari amounted to Rp.35.563,-/portion, and the lowest was self-management system which was Rp.28,064,- /portion. This study showed that the high cost of ACS out-sourcing system because the payment system for ACS was using Lumpsum system, while the largest number of patient was in class II and class III. The study also found that the lowest cost was provision by self-management system.It is suggested to the hospital to calculate the unit cost according to class (VIP, I,II,III). It also suggested to undertake patient satisfaction survey."

"Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan dalam karya akhir ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh variabel agregat ICC (Implied Cost of Capital) tehadap pergerakan agregat return yang berupa market return dan portfolio return. Nilai dari agregat ICC dihitung sesuai dengan metode yang diajukan oleh Li, Ng, dan Swaminatan (2013) dimana ICC untuk tiap perusahaan akan dibobot berdasarkan kapitalisasi pasarnya. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi dari 120 observasi pada nilai agregat ICC bulanan selama sepuluh tahun dari periode Januari 2003 sampai Desember 2012. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bawah agregat ICC berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pergerakan agregat return, bahkan setelah dikontrol dengan beberapa variabel valuation ratio seperti agregat dividend yield, agregat market to book ratio, dan agregat price to earning ratio.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of aggregate implied cost of capital toward the movement of aggregate return which are market return and portfolio return. The construction of aggregate ICC is based on the method of Li, Ng, and Swaminatan (2013) which the ICC of each firm are weighted by its market capitatlization. Hypotesis testing is conducted using regression models with 120 observations of ten-year period of montly aggregate ICC from January 2003 to December 2012. The empirical result from this research shows that the aggregate ICC has a significant positive influence toward aggregate return, even after being controlled by several aggregate valuation ratio such as aggregate dividend yield, aggregate market to book ratio, and aggregate price to earning ratio."

"Tujuan: Menghitung sebaran capital cost radioterapi di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya sebagai dasar untuk investasi lanjutan pengembangan radioterapi di Indonesia dan menutup gap pelayanan yang ada. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif eksploratif menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada senter radioterapi di seluruh Indonesia. Data jarak didapatkan menggunakan google maps(menggunakan garis langsung dan rute) serta data pendapatan didapatkan dari badan pusat statistik. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Terdapat 29 senter radioterapi yang mengikuti penelitian ini dari 46 senter yang telah beroperasi di Indonesia pada 2019. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan Capital cost (dalam rupiah) radioterapi di Indonesia memiliki median Rp 47.824.000.000,- (21.600.000.000-158.688.000.000), dengan sebaran alat-alatnya: LINAC Rp 30.686.455.740,- ±7.374.468.988, rerata Cobalt Rp 11.997.617.647,- ±3.795.188.333, median CT simulator Rp 12.052.000.000,- (5.300.000.000-20.941.517.138), rerata simulator fluoroskopik Rp 3.969.900.000,- ±1.944.209.535, dan rerata bungker per pesawat Rp 4.952.332.381,- ±2.293.258.982. Jumlah pesawat radiasi per senter yang lebih tinggi (p=0,034), pendapatan per kapita lebih rendah (r=0,304, p=0,042), serta level PORI yang lebih rendah (p=0,01) berpengaruh secara statistik terhadap capital cost yang lebih rendah. Jarak kepada pusat ekonomi, dalam hal ini ibukota, tidak berpengaruh terhadap capital cost senter radioterapi (r=-0.282 p=0.139). Pada analisis multivariat, secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,01) antar kelompok level PORI serta antar kelompok jumlah pesawat radiasi dalam satu senter.

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Aims: To develop and to close the gap in radiotherapy services in Indonesia, a radiotherapy center capital cost calculation and factors affecting that is needed. This study was meant to show capital cost distribution and the related significant factors. Methods: This explorative descriptive study used questionnaire that was distributed across radiotherapy centers in Indonesia. Distance data was taken from line distance and route distance in google maps. Whereas income data was taken from Statistics Indonesia Office (BPS). Results and Conclusion: 29 out of 46 centers which operated in 2019 participated in this study. This study showed the capital cost of radiotherapy in Indonesia based on the participating centers. This study described the median capital cost as Rp 47.824.000.000,- (21.600.000.000-158.688.000.000), witth the mean value of LINAC Rp 30.686.455.740,- ±7.374.468.988, mean of Cobalt Rp 11.997.617.647,- ±3.795.188.333, median value of CT simulator Rp 12.052.000.000,- (5.300.000.000-20.941.517.138), median value of fluoroscopic simulator Rp 3.969.900.000,- ±1.944.209.535, and mean value of radiation bunker Rp 4.952.332.381,- ±2.293.258.982. Higher number of radiotherapy machine within a center (p=0,034), lower percapita income (r=0,304, p=0,042), and lower PORI level (p=0,01) gives significant result on lower capital cost. Distance to economic center (Jakarta) was not significant to radiotherapy capital cost (r=-0.282 p=0.139). On multivariate analysis, there was a statistical difference p<0,01) between PORI levels and groups of different machine number within a center."

"Kalau masyarakat umum lebih banyak akrab dengan istilah outsourcing yang berkonotasi negatif,maka penggunaan istilah open source konotasinya positif perlu dipopulerkan...."