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"Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents offers a developmental psychology perspective for understanding and treating these complex disorders as they manifest in young people. Adding the school environment to well-known developmental contexts such as biology, genetics, social structures, and family, this significant volume provides a rich foundation for study and practice by analyzing the progression of pathology and the critical role of emotion regulation in anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and in combination. Accurate diagnostic techniques, appropriate intervention methods, and empirically sound prevention strategies are given accessible, clinically relevant coverage. Illustrative case examples and an appendix of forms and checklists help make the book especially useful. Featured in the text: Developmental psychopathology of anxiety, anxiety disorders, depression, and mood disorders. Differential diagnosis of the anxiety and depressive disorders. Assessment measures for specific conditions. Age-appropriate interventions for anxiety and depression, including CBT and pharmacotherapy. Multitier school-based intervention and community programs. Building resilience through prevention."

"Latar belakang. Ibu-ibu postpartum sering mengalami depresi, sebagai akibat gangguan adaptasi psikologis pada periode postpartum, sehingga sangat diperlukan tindakan keperawatan dalam mencegah terjadinya depresi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas intervensi psikoedukasi yang diberikan kepada ibu-ibu postpartum terhadap pencegahan terjadinya depresi postpartum dan adanya pengaruh usia, paritas, pekerjaan, pendidikan dan dukungan keluarga terhadap efek intervensi dalam mencegah depresi postpartum. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimentai dengan post test only design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Gunung Sitoli dan di lima Puskesmas di Kabupaten Nias. Sampel adalah ibu yang melahirkan normal, didampingi suami, ibu dan bayi dalam kondisi sehat tanpa komplikasi sebanyak 85 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) dan intervensi yang diberikan adalah psikoedukasi dengan media booklet.Hasil kejadian depresi postpartum berhubungan dengan faktor pendidikan dan dukungan keluarga. Intervensi psikoedukasi efektif secara signifikan (p= 0,001), Odds Ratio (OR) : 5,924 (95 % CI : 2,081-16,868) mencegah terjadinya depresi postpartum. Faktor dominan yang berpengaruh pada efektifitas intervensi psikoedukasi adalah dukungan keluarga dengan nilai p x,001, OR : 80 (95 % CI : 6,069 - 1054,570).Simpulan. Intervensi psikoedukasi efektif secara bermakna mencegah terjadinya depresi postpartum setelah dikontol oleh faktor dukungan keluarga.Rekomendasi : Psikoedukasi perlu diimplementasikan disemua tatanan pelayayan keperawatan matemitas dengan memberikan booklet sebagai media. Perlu juga dikembangkan program suami siaga dan keluarga siaga dalam memberi dukungan bagi ibu selama periode postpartum.

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Background : Postpartum mothers have experienced many postpartum depression frequently, as a result of psychological adaptation disturbances at postpartum period, therefore nursing care for postpartum mothers in preventing depression is needed. This research purposes to prove the effectiveness of psycho-education intervention effect which is given to postpartum mothers in preventing the existence of postpartum depression and effect of age, parity, occupation, education and family support to affect an intervention in preventing a postpartum depression. This research used a quasi experimental with post test only design. Research was implemented at public hospital of Gunung Sitoli and five community health centers in Sub-Province of Nias and used 85 mothers with normal childbirth as samples, they were accompanied by their husband, condition of mothers and their babies were healthy without complication. This research used an Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale questionnaire as instrument and psycho-education intervention was given with a booklet as media.

Result: The incident postpartum depression related to education and family support. This research showed that psycho-education intervention was effective significantly (p= 0,001), Odds Ratio (OR): 5,924 (95 % Cl : 2,081-16,868) to preventing a postpartum depression occurrence. The most dominant variable on effectiveness of psycho-education intervention is family support variable with p-value is p = 0,001, OR : 80 (95 % CI : 6,069 - 1054,570).

Conclusion: Psycho-education intervention is very effective for preventing a postpartum depression occurrence after controlled by family support factor.

Recommendation: Psycho-education is important to implement in maternity services and use a booklet as media. It is also important to develop an alert husband and family program in supporting mother during postpartum period."

"Latar belakang: Anak dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) memiliki tantangan risiko gangguan cemas dan depresi yang besar karena stres fisis dan psikologis yang dialami. Kadar kortisol meningkat pada kondisi stres. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 91 anak dan remaja usia 8- 18 tahun dengan PGK di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Gangguan psikososial melalui pengisian kuesioner screen for anxiety and related disorders dan children depression inventory. Kadar kortisol saliva diperiksa melalui pemeriksaan ELISA. Hasil: Prevalens gejala kecemasan pada stadium 1-3 sebesar 38,6% dan stadium 4-5 sebesar 40,4%. Prevalens gejala depresi pada stadium 1-3 sebesar 29,5% dan stadium 4-5 sebesar 38,3%. Median kadar kortisol pada anak dengan PGK yang mengalami gejala depresi 4,48 µg/dL tidak bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan yang tidak 3,85 µg/dL. Median kadar kortisol pada anak dengan PGK yang mengalami gejala kecemasan 4,57 µg/dL tidak bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan yang tidak 3,87 µg/dL. Median kortisol pada stadium 1-3 dan stadium 4-5 terhadap CDI tidak bermakna secara statistik. Median kortisol pada stadium 1-3 terhadap SCARED tidak bermakna secara stastistik, tetapi bermakna pada stadium 4-5 dengan p=0,034. Kesimpulan: Kortisol saliva pada PGK stadium 4-5 terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara yang mengalami gejala kecemasan dan tidak.

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Objective: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of anxiety and depression due to the physical and psychological stress. Cortisol levels increase under stressful conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 91 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years with CKD at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Psychosocial disorders through filling out screen for the anxiety and related disorders and children depression inventory questionnaires. Salivary cortisol levels were checked via ELISA. Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in stages 1-3 was 38.6% and stages 4-5 was 40.4%. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in stages 1-3 was 29.4% and stages 4-5 was 38.3%. Median cortisol level in children with CKD who experienced depression symptoms was 4.48 µg/dL which was not statistically significant compared to 3.85 µg/dL for those who did not and who experienced anxiety symptoms was 4.57 µg/dL which was not statistically significant compared to 3.87 µg/dL for those who did not. Median cortisol at stages 1-3 and stages 4-5 for CDI was not statistically significant. Median cortisol at stages 1-3 of SCARED was not statistically significant, but was significant at stages 4-5 with p=0.034. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in stage 4-5 CKD who experienced anxiety symptoms and those who did not."

"Latar belakang: family caregiver (FC) anak dengan kanker mengalami berbagai tekanan psikologis. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara beban perawatan dan kesiapan merawat terhadap kecemasan dan depresi family caregiver anak dengan kanker. Metode: kami merekrut subjek penelitian dari ruang rawat inap dan rawat jalan di PKN RSK Dharmais, Jakarta dari bulan Maret hingga April 2023. Depresi, kecemasan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan psikologis FC anak dengan kanker diidentifikasi dengan instrumen Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Zarit Burden Interview, (ZBI) dan Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS). Hasil: 127 FC menyelesaikan pengisian kuesioner penelitian, dimana mayoritas mengalami beban perawatan kategori ringan, tidak siap memberikan perawatan, tingkat depresi dan kecemasan kategori ringan. Tingkat depresi FC cenderung dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh beban perawatan (0,001); kesiapan merawat (0,036). Sedangkan kecemasan dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh usia FC (18-45 tahun) (p=0,004), kategori kanker (p=0,018) dan beban perawatan (0,000). Kesimpulan: semakin berat beban perawatan dan ketidak siap FC dalam memberikan perawatan maka tingkat depresi dan kecemasan FC akan meningkat. Saran: diperlukannya merancang dan menargetkan intervensi psikososial untuk mengurangi beban perawatan, meningkatkan kesiapan merawat, menurunkan tingkat depresi dan kecemasan FC, sehingga dapat meningkatkan QOL pada populasi ini.

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Background: the family caregiver (FC) of children with cancer experiences various psychological pressures. Purpose: This study aims to identify the relationship between care burden and readiness to care for the anxiety and depression of family caregivers of children with cancer. Methods: we recruited research subjects from inpatient and outpatient wards at PKN RSK Dharmais, Jakarta from March to April 2023. Depression, anxiety and factors that affect the psychological pressure of FC children with cancer were identified by means of the Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Zarit Burden Interview, (ZBI) and Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, (PCS). Results: 127 FC completed the research questionnaire, the majority experienced the burden of mild category care, not ready to provide care, mild category levels of depression and anxiety. FC depression level tends to be significantly influenced by the burden of care (0.001); readiness to care (0.036). Meanwhile, anxiety was significantly influenced by FC age (18-45 years) (p=0.004), cancer category (p=0.018) and care burden (0.000). Conclusion: the heavier the burden of care and the unprepared FC in providing care, the higher the level of depression and anxiety. Suggestion: It is necessary to design and target psychosocial interventions to reduce the burden of care, increase readiness to care, reduce of depression and anxiety of FC, so as to increase QOL in this population."

"Perilaku bullying merupakan masalah yang serius yang terjadi pada anak usia sekolah. Perilaku bullying tidak hanya berdampak pada anak, tetapi berdampak juga pada keluarga dan sekolah. Diperlukan kerjasama antara individu, keluarga dan pihak sekolah dalam upaya penanganan dan pencegahan perilaku bullying. Fokus model intervensi keperawatan ini adalah kegiatan promotif dan preventif untuk mencegah perilaku bullying. Intervensi yang dilaksanakan meliputi intervensi pada anak untuk meningkatkan konsep diri, meningkatkan penerimaan diri dan kemampuan untuk mengelola emosi. Intervensi pada keluarga dilakukan untuk meningkatkan fungsi keluarga dalam interaksi dan kedekatan emosional seperti membangun komunikasi efektif dan keharmonisan keluarga. Intervensi pada guru dilakukan penguatan peran guru dalam menanamkan norma anti kekerasan pada anak yang terjadi di sekolah, cara mengelola emosi anak untuk menurunkan perilaku agresif. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian operasional dengan tiga tahap: tahap I identifikasi masalah, tahap II Pengembangan model dan modul, tahap III uji coba Model Intervensi Keperawatan Pencegahan Perilaku Bullying dengan menggunakan studi penelitian kuantitatif quasi eksperimental pre-postest with control group design, responden anak sekolah, orang tua dan guru yang mengalami kejadian bullying di Banyumas. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square, t-test dependen, t-test independent dan regresi linear berganda. Model Intervensi Pencegahan Bullying dilengkapi dengan Modul dan buku kerja dikembangkan berdasarkan studi literatur, studi pendahuluan, penelitian tahap 1, konsultasi pakar, dengan menggunakan integrasi teori model sistem dan pencapaian tujuan, teori model stres adaptasi serta teori model sosial ekologi. Bentuk intervensi keperawatan yang diberikan adalah edukasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa Model Intervensi Pencegahan Perilaku Bullying efektif meningkatkan konsep diri anak, penerimaan diri, pengelolaan emosi, fungsi keluarga, dan peran guru untuk mencegah perilaku Bullying. Hasil pelaksanaan Model pencegahan perilaku bullying sebagai bentuk intervensi pelayanan keperawatan di komunitas dengan menyesuaikan tahap tumbuh kembang anak. Memberikan masukan pada pemerintah untuk mengoptimalkan sinergi antar kementrian dalam menerapkan model intervensi pencegahan perilaku bullying sebagai alternatif upaya promotif dan preventif masalah bullying dengan baik dan tepat

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Bullying is a severe problem behavioural that occurs in school-age children. Bullying does not only have impact on children but also their families and schools. The collaboration is needed between individuals, families and schools to handle and prevent bullying. This nursing intervention model focuses on promotive and preventive efforts to prevent bullying. The carried interventions addressed to improve children’s self-concept, increased self-acceptance and the ability to manage emotions. The purpose of nursing interventions towards family to enhance family functioning in interaction and emotional cohesiveness, such as strengthening effective communication and family harmony. The nursing intervention to teachers is carried out to strengthen the teacher's role in instilling anti-violence norms in children at schools and how to manage children's emotions in reducingean aggressive behaviour

The opperational research was used with three stages: first stage, is the problem identification, second stage is the development of models and modules, and the third stage is the tried out the Nursing Intervention Model for Prevention of Bullying Behaviour using a quasi-experimental quantitative research design pre-posttest with control group design, school children respondents, parents and teachers who experienced incidents of bullying in Banyumas. The statistical tests used were chi- square, dependent t-test, independent t-test and multiple linear regression. The Bullying Prevention Intervention Model was completed with the training module for children, parents and teachers. Workbooks were developed based on literature review, preliminary study, and the finding of first stage of this study. The draft of model and modules than consulted to experts for inputs. Integration of This study used an eclectic of system model theory and goal attainment, adaptation stress model theory and social-ecological model theory. The nursing interventions provided are education, training and coaching. The analysis results revealed that the Bullying Behavior Prevention Intervention Model effectively increases children's self-concept, self-acceptance, emotional management, family functioning, and the teacher's role in preventing bullying behaviou on school children. The results of implementing the bullying behaviour prevention model as a form of nursing service intervention in the community by adjusting the stages of the child growth and development. Providing input to the Government strengthening the synergy between Ministries in implementing this nursing intervention models in preventing bullying among school children"

"This research evaluated the efficacy of a brief, mailed personalized feedback intervention designed to alleviate depressed mood and antecedents (ineffective coping and hopelessness). College students (N = 177) were randomly assigned to intervention or control group following a baseline assessment. A week after completing the baseline assessment, participants in the intervention condition were mailed feedback and information detailing their mood, coping strategies, as well as suggestions for enhancing mood. Results indicated that feedback was effective in reducing depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and among men, increasing willingness to use coping strategies at the 1-month follow-up. Hopelessness mediated reductions in depressive symptoms. Results support the use of personalized feedback as a low-cost, initial intervention for college students suffering from symptoms of depression."