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"Konsep utama teori comfort adalah melakukan penilaian terhadap struktur taksonomi antara tiga kenyamanan dikaitkan dengan empat pengalaman kenyamanan. Kebutuhan oksigen merupakan kebutuhan fisiologis bagi manusia. Pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigen merupakan fungsi sistem pernapasan dan sistem kardiovaskuler. Gangguan kedua sistem tersebut menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada anak karena kebutuhan oksigen terganggu. Perawat perlu membantu anak supaya kebutuhan oksigen terpenuhi agar anak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan prinsip comfort dari Kolcaba. Fokus bahasan adalah penggunaan teori comfort dalam memenuhi kebutuhan oksigenasi. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan dengan proses keperawatan comfort. Terdapat lima kasus yang dibahas. Hasil akhir dari penerapan comfort mampu mengidentifikasi pengalaman kenyamanan anak dihubungkan dengan tipe kenyamanan.

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The main concept of comfort theory is assessing the taxonomic structure between the three comfort associated with four comfort experience. Oxygen demand is a physiological necessity for humans. Meeting the needs of oxygen is a function of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Disruption of both systems cause discomfort to the child because of the need of oxygen is interrupted. Nurses need to help children to oxygen needs are met so that children can grow and develop properly. This is in accordance with the principles of comfort Kolcaba. The focus of the discussion is the use of the theory of comfort to meet the needs of oxygenation. Nursing care is done with comfort nursing process. There are five cases discussed. The end result of the application of a comfort able to identify children experience the comfort associated with the type of comfort."

"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memberikan gambaran tentang pelaksanaan Program Residen Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Anak dalam bentuk kegiatan praktik Residensi I dan II. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan pencapaian kompetensi baik sebagai praktisi, pendidik, advokat, pengelola dan peneliti selama praktik residensi. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, menganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres air hangat dan mengatur suhu ruangan sesuai suhu tubuh pasien. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah mengukur suhu tubuh dengan menggunakan termometer timpani dimana residen menerapkan salah satu kompetensi perawat spesialis sebagai ranah pengembangan profesional sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This Final Scientific Paper provides an overview of the implementation of the Resident Program Specialist Nurses in the form of practical activities Residency I and II. This Final Scientific aims is in order to provide an overview Comfort Kolcaba Theory Application of children nursing care by increased body temperature and achievement of competency either as a practitioner, educator, advocate, manager and researcher during practice residency. According to Kolcaba comfort theory, increasing body temperature is one of the comfortable sense of fulfillment disorders are strongly associated with physical comfort needs psikospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. Interventions need to be done is to monitor hemodynamic status, advised the family to accompanied the patient, the family teaches the provision of warm water compress and maintain the room's temperature according the patient's body temperature. One inovation need to be done is measure the body temperature using a thermometer tympanic where residents apply one domain competence as a specialist nurse professional development needs as well as providing a sense of comfort and prevent trauma to child."

"Pasca pembedahan, anak berisiko mengalami gangguan keamanan yaitu risiko aspirasi akibat pemberian minum sebelum tingkat kesadarannya pulih. Gangguan keamanan tersebut akan mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan pada anak berupa rasa nyeri dan sesak di daerah dada. Teori Comfort dari Kolcaba memberikan arahan dalam pemenuhan rasa nyaman pada pasien. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak pasca pembedahan dengan mengaplikasikan teori comfort Kolcaba yang berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan keamanan. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan tahapan comfort yaitu pengkajian (kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan dan sosiokultural), merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan, menetapkan intervensi (berdasarkan standar comfort, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul), implementasi dan evaluasi. Pada lima pasien kelolaan yang berisiko mengalami aspirasi pasca pembedahan, empat pasien tidak mengalami aspirasi dan satu pasien mengalami aspirasi. Aspirasi terjadi dikarenakan kenyamanan sosiokultural tidak terpenuhi yaitu dukungan dan keterlibatan dari orangtua dalam perawatan anaknya. Sehingga terlihat bahwa ke empat aspek kenyamanan harus saling mendukung untuk pencapaian kenyamanan secara holistik.

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Post surgery children are in risk for safety problem such as aspiration becouse of fluid intake before they are fully conscious. The aspiration will cause comfort problem which manifestated as chest pain and chest tightness. Comfort theory from Kolcaba provides direction on meeting patient need of comfort. This paper aims to give an overview of post surgical children focused on meeting the need of safety. Nursing care was provided throught the stages of comfort assessment (physical comfort, psychospiritual, environtment and sociocultural), nursing diagnosis formulation, interventions plan (based on standard comfort, coaching, and comfort food for the soul), implementation and evaluation. Among five post surgical children which were in risk of aspiration, four children didn’t experience aspiration and one patient experienced aspiration. The aspiration was happened becouse of sociocultural comfort was not satisfied, where the support and involvement from parents in the care of their children was not adequate. So that the four aspects of comfort should be mutually supportive to the achievement of holistic comfort."

"Praktek Spesialis Keperawatan Anak peminatan bedah anak ini bertujuan untuk melakukan praktek dengan mengaplikasikan model Teori Comfort Katherina Kolcaba. Peran sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan diterapkan pada 5 orang anak yang telah menjalani operasi yang mengalami rasa nyeri, dan satu orang pasien kelolaan utama yaitu pasien post operasi penutupan colostomi. Peran sebagai peneliti dalam melakukan penerapan tindakan keperawatan yang berbasis pembuktian ilmiah (evidence based nursing practise) yaitu dengan membuktikan terapi musik sebagai salah satu tehnik penanganan nyeri pada anak post operasi dan tindakan invasif. Peran sebagai inovator melalui penyusunan program pemberian terapi musik pada anak yang mengalami nyeri yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan kenyamanan pasien anak dan meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan. Hasil praktek ini menunjukan bahwa teori Comfort Katherina Kolcaba digunakan pada pasien yang mengalami rasa nyeri post operasi dan tindakan invasif, dan terapi musik efektif untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri yang dialami anak pada waktu tindakan, terutama nyeri ringan.

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Specialist Nursing Practice Children's specialization in pediatric surgery practice with the aim to apply the theory of Comfort models Katherina Kolcaba. Role as provider of nursing care applied to the 5 children who have undergone surgery are experiencing pain, and one patient that the patient's primary management of postoperative closure colostomi. Role as a researcher in performing nursing actions based on the application of scientific evidence (evidence based nursing practice model) to prove that music therapy as a pain management technique in children and postoperative invasive action.

Role as an innovator through the preparation of a program of music therapy on children who experience pain which aims to reduce pain and increase patient comfort and improve the child's quality of nursing care. This practice results show that the theory Comfort Katherina Kolcaba used in patients experiencing postoperative pain and invasive, and effective music therapy to reduce the pain experienced by the child at the time of the action, especially mild pain."

"Karya ilmiah akhir ini membahas tentang penerapan model Konservasi Levine dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada pada anak dengan gangguan pernapasan. Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut merupakan suatu gangguan pulmonal yang memiliki efek samping hipoksemia dan kegagalan pernapasan melalui pemberian asuhan keperawatan dengan menerapkan prinsip konservasi untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan energi, konservasi integritas struktural, personal dan sosial. Beberapa masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan antara lain gangguan pertukaran gas, ketidakefektifan pola napas dan ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan napas. Model Konservasi diharapkan menjadi acuan praktik keperawatan pada pada anak dengan gangguan pernapasan.

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The end scientific work is about the application of the Levine's Conservation model in the provision of nursing care to children with respiratory disorders. Respiratory infection acute is a pulmonary disorder that has a side effect of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. The side effects of hypoxemia and respiratory failure can be minimized through the provision of nursing care by applying the principle of conservation of energy to maintain balance, conservation of structural integrity, personal and social. Some nursing problems were found among other disorders of gas exchange, breathing pattern ineffective airway clearance and ineffectiveness. This Conservation model is expected to be a reference of nursing practice in children with respiratory disorders."

"Demam merupakan gejala yang sering dialami anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Kondisi demam tinggi berdampak merugikan anak. Demam tinggi membuat anak tidak nyaman dan orang tua cemas serta meningkatkan kebutuhan kalori dan cairan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan asuhan keperawatan model konservasi. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran kegiatan pelaksanaan praktik residensi ners spesialis anak, gambaran aplikasi model konservasi dalam asuhan keperawatan demam pada anak yang mengalami penyakit infeksi. Model Konservasi Levine berfokus pada konservasi energi, integritas struktrur, personal dan sosial untuk mencapai keutuhan. Berdasarkan 5 kasus yang dibahas, intervensi yang diberikan untuk trophicognosis peningkatan suhu tubuh (demam) antara lain mengupayakan penurunan suhu tubuh, mempertahankan lingkungan sejuk dan nyaman, meningkatkan istirahat, memberikan asupan cairan dan nutrisi adekuat serta menurunkan kecemasan anak dan orang tua menggunakan konsep family centered care. Model Konservasi dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan anak demam. Disarankan untuk lebih meningkatkan upaya konservasi integritas personal dan sosial melalui pendidikan kesehatan pada keluarga.

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Fever is a symptom that is often experienced by children with infectious diseases. High fever conditions adversely affects children. High fever makes the child uncomfortable and parent’s anxiety and also increase calorie and fluid needs. Therefore, the child needs nursing care such as conservation model by Levine. This scientific final assignment to provide an overview of the implementation of the activities of child specialist nurse practice, an overview of applications of conservation models in nursing care of fever in children with infectious diseases. Levine Conservation Model focuses on energy conservation, structure integrity, personal and social to achieve wholeness. Based on 5 cases discussed, interventions given to trophicognosis increased body temperature (fever), which are to seek a decrease in body temperature, maintaining comfortable environment, improve rest, provide adequate nutrition and fluid intake as well as decrease the anxiety of children and parents using the concept of family-centered care. Conservation Model can be applied in the care of fever children. It is recommended to further enhance the conservation of personal integrity and social health through the family education."

"Anak selama dirawat rentan mengalami berbagai masalah kesehatan termasuk kerusakan integritas kulit. Tujuan penulisan Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini adalah memberikan gambaran aplikasi Model Konservasi Levine dalam asuhan keperawatan dan gambaran pencapaian kompetensi serta peran perawat dalam asuhan keperawaatan pada anak yang berisiko mengalami kerusakan integritas kulit. Model Konservasi Levine berfokus pada peningkatan adaptasi melalui prinsip konservasi untuk mencapai keutuhan diri. Hasil evaluasi didapatkan bahwa integritas kulit semua kasus kelolaan dapat terjaga. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Konservasi Levine dapat diaplikasikan pada pasien yang berisiko mengalami kerusakan integritas kulit. Asuhan keperawatan dilaksanakan oleh residen dengan melaksanakan perannya sebagai pemberi asuhan, pendidik, pengelola asuhan, advokat, peneliti dan agen pembaharu.

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Children over the treated susceptible to a variety of health problems including damage to skin integrity. The purpose of this final scientific writing is to give an overview of applications Levine’s Conservation Model in nursing care and description of the achievement of competence and the role of nurses in the care in children at risk of damage to the integrity of the skin. Levine’s Conservation Model focuses on improving adaptation through conservation principles to achieve wholeness. Evaluation results showed that all cases of skin integrity can be maintained under management. This suggests that the Levine's Conservation Model can be applied to patients at risk of damage to the integrity of the skin. Carried out by the resident nursing care by carrying out its role as caregivers, educators, care managers, advocates, researchers and innovators agent. "

"[ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada pasien kanker anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran penerapan, analisis Comfort Theory Kolcaba pada pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri, dan pencapaian kompetensi ners spesialis keperawatan anak. Penerapan teori dilakukan pada lima pasien, menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan. Pengkajian dan penetapan masalah keperawatan menggunakan struktur taksonomi Kolcaba. Intervensi dan implementasi menggunakan intervensi kenyamanan standar, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul. Evaluasi menggunakan comfort behavior scale menunjukkan hasil diakhir perawatan, nyeri berkurang, terkontrol, dan kenyamanan bertambah. Kompetensi tercapai sesuai target. Comfort Theory bisa menjadi pilihan dalam merawat pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri.

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ABSTRACTPain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.;Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer., Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.]"

"Fungsi sistem tubuh salah satunya tergantung pada keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Ketidakseimbangan cairan elektrolit seperti dehidrasi, hidrasi berlebihan, kekurangan garam dan air berhubungan erat dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas anak. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aplikasi teori Comfort Kolcaba pada anak dengan gangguan kebutuhan cairan. Teori ini diaplikasikan pada 5 pasien dan bertujuan untuk tercapainya peningkatan kenyamanan pasien. Kebutuhan kenyamanan dikaji berdasarkan konteks fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan, dan sosiokultural. Intervensi kenyamanan diberikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan kenyamanan pasien yang meliputi standart of comfort, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul. Penerapan Evidence Based Nursing posisi duduk dalam pelukan orang tua merupakan intervensi yang mampu meningkatkan kenyamanan fisik dan emosional anak dengan gangguan kebutuhan cairan.

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The function of body system depends on fluid and electrolyte balance. Electrolyte and fluid imbalances such as dehydration, over hydration, poor of salt and water are related to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe the application of Kolcaba 39;s Comfort Theory of children with fluid imbalance. This theory is applied to 5 patients and aims to achieve enhance of comfort. Comfort needs are assessed based on physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural contexts. Comfort interventions are gived according to comfort needs. Types of comfort intervention are standard of comfort, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. An intervention of the sitting position in a parent 39;s hold is a application of evidence based nursing that is able to improve the physical and emotional comfort of children with fluid imbalance. "

"Penyakit infeksi dan malnutrisi yang terjadi pada anak merupakan hubungan yang saling timbal balik. Anak dapat mengalami masalah ketidakadekuatan nutrisi sehingga diperlukan konservasi agar anak dapat beradaptasi. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan menerapkan model konservasi Levine pada anak dengan infeksi yang mengalami ketidakadekuatan nutrisi. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan melalui tahapan Levine yaitu pengkajian, merumuskan trophicognosis, merencanakan hipotesis, melaksanakan intervensi dan evaluasi respon organismik. Pembahasan dilakukan pada lima kasus, dengan hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa anak mampu beradaptasi melalui konservasi terhadap perubahan yang terjadi namun evaluasi respon organismik berbeda tergantung pada kemampuan dan keparahan penyakit. Seorang perawat hendaknya memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan.

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Infectious diseases and malnutrition in children have a reciprocal relationship. Children may experience inadequate nutritional problems. Therefore, conservation in children is important in adaptation. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of nursing care in children which applied Levine's model of conservation on children with infections who experienced inadequate nutrition. Focus of the discussion was on the use of Levine's theory in meeting the chjldren's nutritional needs. Nursing care was done through the stages of assessment, trophicognosis formulation, hypotheses plan, implementation and evaluation of the organismic responses. The final result showed that the children were able to adapt through the conservation, however the evaluation of organismic responses different among them, depend on the ability and the severity of the disease. Nurses' critical thinking skills are important in implementing nursing care."