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"BBLR didefinisikan sebagai bayi dengan berat lahir kurang dari 2500 gram. BBLR memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mendapatkan masalah kesehatan dan meninggal pada masa neonatal. Kejadian BBLR mencapai 15 persen dari seluruh kelahiran bayi, dan lebih dari 95 persen terjadi di negara-negara berkembang. Secara keseluruhan, hampir 70 persen kejadian BBLR terjadi di Asia. Menurut Riskesdas 2010 dan 2013, BBLR di Jawa Timur mengalami peningkatan dan merupakan provinsi yang kejadian BBLRnya lebih tinggi dari angka nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR di Jawa Timur tahun 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan analisis data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu umur 15-49 tahun yang dalam 5 tahun terakhir melahirkan bayi yang memiliki catatan berat lahir. Analisis statistik bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 8,6% bayi lahir dengan berat kurang dari 2500 gram (BBLR). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan ibu (OR: 2,34 CI 95%: 1,22 ? 4,48,) dengan nilai p sebesar 0,01, dan paritas ibu yang memiliki nilai p sebesar 0,04 (OR: 2,29 CI 95%: 1,07 - 4,91) dengan kejadian BBLR. Disarankan agar dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan saat hamil, seperti nutrisi dan pentingnya kunjungan ANC. Selain itu, diharapkan adanya anjuran menggunakan kontrasepsi jangka panjang pada ibu yang telah melahirkan sedikitnya 4 kali.

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LBW defined as babies who weight less than 2500 grams at birth. LBW babies have a higher risk to face a health problems and higher risk to die at neonatal stage. For every babies born, 15 per cent of them were LBW, and the 95 per cent of it can be found in developing countries. Overall, 70 per cent incidence of LBW were found in Asia. According to 2010 and 2013 Basic Health Research, LBW incidence in East Java were increasing, and one of the province which have a higher incidence from national incidence.

The aim of this study is to know what factors associated with LBW incidence in East Java in 2012. This study use cross sectional as a method and use the data from DHS Indonesia 2012 for analysing. The sample of this study are women among 15 - 49 of age who gave birth in a span of 5 years before the survey and have birth weght data of the baby. Chisquare test was used for bivariate analysis.

Result of this study shows that 8,6 per cent babies born with LBW. Bivariate analysis shows that level of educationof mothers (OR: 2,34 CI 95%: 1,22 - 4,48,) with p value 0,01 and mothers parity with p value 0,04 (OR: 2,29 CI 95%: 1,07 - 4,91) have a significant relationship with the incindence of LBW. Women with low level of education need to be counselled to knows the important things at pregnancy, such as nutrition intake and ANC visits. For mothers with high parity, it should be advised to use a long term contraception."

"Prematuritas merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi termasuk kematian neonatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui besar hubungan prematuritas dengan kematian neonatal di Indonesia setelah seluruh variabel confounding (umur ibu, urutan kelahiran, jarak kelahiran, komplikasi kehamilan, komplikasi persalinan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, status ekonomi ibu, frekuensi ANC, komponen ANC 5T plus, penolong persalinan, tempat persalinan, jenis persalinan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal ibu) dikendalikan dan mengetahui besar PAR (Population Attributtable Risk) prematuritas terhadap kematian neonatal di Indonesia tahun 2010. Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol (1:4) dengan analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2010. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 120 kasus dan 480 kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besar hubungan prematuritas dengan kematian neonatal setelah dikendalikan variabel confounding (komplikasi kehamilan, komplikasi persalinan, frekuensi ANC) yaitu OR sebesar 9,31 (95% CI : 4,63-18,70) dan PAR sebesar 19,96%. Untuk menurunkan kematian neonatal, diharapkan pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam penurunan dan penanggulangan prematuritas sedini mungkin dengan peningkatan pelayanan antenatal.

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Prematurity is one of the biggest main cause of morbidity and mortality of infant including the neonatal death. Aims of this research are to know how big the relationship between prematurity and neonatal death in Indonesia after all variables of confounding (age of mother, turn of birth, gap of birth, complication of pregnancy, complication of labor, mother’s education level, mother's job, mother's economic status, frequency of ANC, component of ANC 5T plus, labor helper, place of labor, kind of labor and mother’s region) have been controlled and to know how big the PAR (Population Attributtable Risk) of prematurity and neonatal death in Indonesia on 2010. The design of this research is case control (1:4) with multiple logistic regression to multivariate analysis using secondary data of Riskesdas 2010. The number of sample in this research is 120 cases and 480 controls. The result of this research shows the strong relation between prematurity and neonatal death after controlled by variables of confounding (complication of pregnancy, complication of labor, frequency of ANC) is OR as 9,31 (95% CI : 4,63-18,70) and PAR as 19,66%. To decrease the neonatal death, hopefully the government and public will actively support in decreasing and preventing the prematurity by improving the effectiveness of ANC."

"Bayi prematur dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) lahir dengan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Masalah yang sering terjadi adalah terkait dengan lemahnya refleks hisap dan menelan sehingga mengakibatkan masalah pada pemberian nutrisi. Masalah pemberian nutrisi pada kelahiran bayi prematur akan menyebabkan nutrisi tidak adekuat sehingga terjadi malnutrisi, gagal tumbuh, dan kegagalan perkembangan otak. Karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menghisap dan menelan pada bayi Ny. A I. PIOMI merupakan salah satu metode baru dengan metode pijitan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik pada bayi prematur. PIOMI bertujuan untuk meniru pengalaman oral in-utero yang memperkuat dan mengembangkan mekanisme makan. Delapan langkah memberikan gerakan yang dibantu untuk mengaktifkan kontraksi otot dan memberikan gerakan melawan resistensi untuk membangun kekuatan pada area yang dibutuhkan untuk minum secara oral. Hasil dari intervensi ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan menghisap dan menelan setelah 2 kali diberikan intervensi. Oleh karena itu, karya tulis ini merekomendasikan intervensi PIOMI pada bayi prematur dengan BBLR yang memiliki masalah menghisap.

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Premature babies with Low Birth Weight (LBW) are born with various health problems. Problems that often occur are related to weak sucking and swallowing reflexes, resulting in problems with feeding. Problems with nutrition in premature babies will cause inadequate nutrition, resulting in malnutrition, failure to thrive, and failure of brain development. This paper aims to analyze the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) intervention to improve the sucking and swallowing ability of Ny. A I. PIOMI is a new method with massage method to improve motor skills in premature babies. PIOMI aims to mimic the in-utero oral experience that reinforces and develops feeding mechanisms. Eight steps provide assisted movement to activate muscle contractions and provide movement against resistance to build strength in the areas required for oral drinking. The results of this intervention showed an increase in the ability to suck and swallow after 2 times the intervention was given. Therefore, this paper recommends PIOMI intervention in premature infants with low birth weight who have sucking problems."

"Intoleransi pemberian minum enteral merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah melakukan analisis optimalisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi enteral pada bayi berat lahir rendah melalui pengaturan posisi dengan pendekatan Teori Konservasi Levine. Lima kasus terpilih menunjukkan terjadi masalah keperawatan ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh. Pendekatan Teori Konservasi Levine dilakukan dengan menggunakan prinsip konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktural, konservasi integritas personal, dan konservasi integritas sosial. Hasil penerapan intervensi pengaturan posisi dengan pendekatan Teori Konservasi Levine dapat menurunkan kejadian desaturasi, distensi abdomen, dan frekuensi muntah. Perawat dapat menjadikan intervensi tersebut sebagai standar prosedur operasional pada bayi berat lahir rendah yang mengalami intoleransi pemberian minum enteral.

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Enteral feeding intolerance is a problem that often occurs in low birth weight infants. The objective of this case study was to analyze the optimization of the fulfillment of enteral nutrition in low birth weight infants through positioning with Levine`s Conservation Theory. Five cases were selected due to nursing problems in nutrition which is less than body requirements. Levine`s Conservation Theory was used by applying the principle of energy conservation, structural integrity conservation, personal integrity conservation, and social integrity conservation. The results showed that implementation of positioning with Levine`s Conservation Theory can reduce the incidence of desaturation, abdominal distension, and frequency of vomiting. Nurses can make the intervention as a standard operating procedure in low birth weight infants who experience enteral feeding intolerance."

"Kelahiran prematur atau bayi yang lahir sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi. Bayi prematur yang lahir kurang dari usia kehamilan 34 minggu memiliki pola menghisap-menelan-bernafas yang tidak terkoordinasi dengan sempurna. Koordinasi dan keterampilan menghisap merupakan faktor penting dalam mencapai pemberian oral yang aman dan sukses pada bayi prematur. Intervensi stimulasi oral dapat diterapkan untuk mendukung perkembangan refleks menghisap dan menelan serta mengurangi lama waktu transisi dari pemberian minum melalui enteral ke oral. Karya ilmiah ini memberikan gambaran mengenai proses asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur dan efektifitas penerapan Oromotor Stimulation (OMS) selama 8 hari perawatan. Pemberian stimulasi dilakukan 15-30 menit sebelum pemberian minum dengan durasi selama 15 menit. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan Oromotor Stimulation (OMS) efektif dalam meningkatkan berat badan dan kesiapan minum secara oral. Setelah diberikan intervensi, berat badan bayi meningkat dengan rata-rata kenaikan 24,2 gram/hari. Hasil evaluasi objektif menggunakan instrumen Premature Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (POFRAS) menunjukkan peningkatan skor dari 23 menjadi 34 yang berarti bayi memiliki kesiapan minum per- oral yang baik.

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Premature birth or infants born before 37 weeks of gestation is a global health problem that has a high risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Premature infants born less than 34 weeks of gestation have a pattern of sucking-swallowing-breathing that is not perfectly coordinated. Coordination and sucking skills are important factors in achieving safe and successful oral administration of preterm infants. Oral stimulation interventions can be used to support the development of sucking and swallowing reflexes and to reduce the transition time from enteral to oral feeding. This scientific work provides an overview of the process of nursing care for premature infants and the effectiveness of Oromotor Stimulation (OMS) for 8 days. Stimulation is given 15-30 minutes before feeding with a duration of 15 minutes. Evaluation results show that Oromotor Stimulation (OMS) is effective in increasing body weight and readiness to oral feeding. After being given the intervention, the baby's weight increased with an average increase of 24.2 grams/day. The results of an objective evaluation using the Premature Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (POFRAS) instrument showed an increase in score from 23 to 34 which means that the infant has good oral feeding readiness."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Kemajuan dalam penanganan bayi prematur menyebabkan angka kesintasan meningkat. Akibatnya, angka kesakitan bayi prematur jugameningkat, salah satunya adalah osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Pemeriksaankadar kalsium, fosfat, dan fosfatase alkali serum saat usia kronologis 4 minggudigunakan sebagai indikator awal sebelum osteopenia tampak secara klinis.Diagnosis sedini mungkin dan pengendalian faktor risiko perlu dilakukansehingga komplikasi dapat dicegah.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens dan faktor risiko terjadinya OOP.Desain Penelitian. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilaksanakanpada bayi prematur dengan usia gestasi ≤32 minggu di Divisi Perinatalogi RS Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Subyek diperiksa kadar kalsium serum, fosfat inorganikserum, dan fosfatase alkali serum. Pada subyek dilakukan pencatatan faktor risikoOOP untuk menilai hubungan antar variabel dan dilakukan analisis bivariatdengan uji chi square. Hasil Penelitian. Terdapat 80 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian.Delapan dari 80 subyek (10%) ditemukan menderita OOP. Faktor risiko yangdianalisis dalam penelitian ini ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan bermaknadengan kejadian OOP, yakni lama penggunaan nutrisi parenteral total (p=0,457),lama penggunaan metilsantin (p=1,000), berat lahir (p=0,459), preeklampsiaberat pada ibu (p=0,344), korioamnionitis pada ibu (p=0,261), dan pemberiannutrisi enteral (p=0,797).Simpulan. Prevalens OOP di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah 10%. Faktorlama penggunaan nutrisi parenteral total, penggunaan metilsantin, berat lahir,preeklampsia berat pada ibu, korioamnionitis, dan pemberian nutrisi enteral tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian OOP.ABSTRACT Background. Advances in management of premature infants had increased the survival rate of these infants. However there is also increase of morbidity such as osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Laboratory examination of serum calcium,phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase at the chronological age of 4 weeks is usedas early indicator before osteopenia become clinically appearant. Early diagnosisand risk control are needed to prevent complication. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of OOP.Methods. A cross sectional study was done in premature infants <32 weeks ofgestational age in Perinatalogy Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Laboratory examination of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkalinephosphatasewere conducted toward these subjects. Risk factors of OOP were alsoevaluated. Bivariat analysis was analysed by chi square test.Results. There are 80 subjects who meet the study criteria. Eight of 80 subjects(10%) was diagnosed as OOP. No risk factors have significant relationship withOOP incidence, which include duration of total parenteral nutrition (p=0,457),duration of methylxanthine usage (p=1,000), birth weight (p=0,459), severepreecalampsia in the mother (p=0,344), chorioamnionitis in the mother(p=0,261), and enteral nutrition (p=0,797).Conclusion. Prevalence of OOP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 10%. Thereare no significant relationship between OOP incidence and duration of totalparenteral nutrition, methylxanthine usage, birth weight, severe preeclampsia in the mother, chorioamnionitis, and enteral nutrition.;Background. Advances in management of premature infants had increased the survival rate of these infants. However there is also increase of morbidity such as osteopenia of prematurity (OOP). Laboratory examination of serum calcium,phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase at the chronological age of 4 weeks is usedas early indicator before osteopenia become clinically appearant. Early diagnosisand risk control are needed to prevent complication. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of OOP.Methods. A cross sectional study was done in premature infants <32 weeks ofgestational age in Perinatalogy Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Laboratory examination of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkalinephosphatasewere conducted toward these subjects. Risk factors of OOP were alsoevaluated. Bivariat analysis was analysed by chi square test.Results. There are 80 subjects who meet the study criteria. Eight of 80 subjects(10%) was diagnosed as OOP. No risk factors have significant relationship withOOP incidence, which include duration of total parenteral nutrition (p=0,457),duration of methylxanthine usage (p=1,000), birth weight (p=0,459), severepreecalampsia in the mother (p=0,344), chorioamnionitis in the mother(p=0,261), and enteral nutrition (p=0,797).Conclusion. Prevalence of OOP in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 10%. Thereare no significant relationship between OOP incidence and duration of totalparenteral nutrition, methylxanthine usage, birth weight, severe preeclampsia in the mother, chorioamnionitis, and enteral nutrition."

"Kompleksitas perawatan bayi yang intensif menyebabkan ada perawatan rutin yang terlewatkan sehingga dapat memperpanjang lama perawatan, risiko rawat ulang, meningkatkan komplikasi bayi, dan menurunkan kepuasan orang tua. Penelitian cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pelaksanaan perawatan bayi prematur dengan kepuasan orang tua. Teknik consecutive sampling dilakukan untuk memilih 59 perawat dan 59 orang tua bayi prematur. Analisis menggunakan uji Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pelaksanaan perawatan bayi prematur sebesar 161,93 dan rata-rata kepuasan orang tua sebesar 280,07. Terdapat hubungan antara pelaksanaan perawatan bayi prematur dengan kepuasan orang tua (pvalue<0,001, r= 0,77). Bagi pelayanan keperawatan dapat menjadi evaluasi terhadap kinerja perawat untuk meningkatkan kualitas perawatan bayi prematur dan kepuasan orang tua meningkat.

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Complexity of intensive care of premature babies causes some routine nursing cares are overlooked which may lead to extension of length of stay, risk of rehospitalization, additional disease complications, and decrease of parents satisfaction. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the relationship between the implementation of a premature babies care with parents satisfaction. Consecutive sampling technique was conducted to select 59 nurses and 59 parents of premature babies as research respondents. The data was analyzed with Pearson test. The results showed that the average of premature babies care score was 161.93 and the average of parents satisfaction score was 280.07. There was a significant relationship between the implementation of premature babies care with parents satisfaction (p value <0.001, r = 0.77). Nursing care should be evaluated to improve the performance of nurses and the quality of care of premature babies and parents satisfaction."

"Pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur merupakan salah satu komponen konsep family centered care. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pelibatan ibu terhadap interaksi ibu dan bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam merawat bayi prematur. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 orang ibu dan bayinya yang dipilih dengan teknik konsekutif di ruang Perinatologi di sebuah RSUP di Jakarta, selama sebulan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai interaksi ibu-bayi adalah terjemahan Modified Observation of Communication Interaction dan kepercayaan diri ibu diukur menggunakan Maternal Confidence Questionaire yang juga diterjemahkan. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa skala interaksi ibu-bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu meningkat secara signifikan (p= 0,0005). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur di ruang Perinatologi.

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Enhancement of Mother-Infant Interaction and Maternal Confidence: The Impact of Mother Involvement in Infant Care in the Neonatology Unit. Mothers? involvement in premature infant care is one of components of the family centered care. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mothers? involvement on mother-infant interactions and maternal confidence in premature infant care. This study used a quasy experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. Sixteen participants were selected using consecutive sampling technique in Neonatal Unit Level I-II in General Hospital in Jakarta during one month. Modified Observation of Communication Interaction was translated in to Indonesian and used to observe mother-infant interaction and maternal confidence measured by translated Maternal Confidence Questionaire. The result of statistic analysis showed that mother-infant interactions scale and maternal confidence increase significantly (p= 0.0005). This study recommends the improvement of mothers? involvement in premature infant care in neonatal unit."

"Pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur merupakan salah satu komponen konsep family centered care. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pelibatan ibu terhadap interaksi ibu-bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam merawat bayi prematur. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 orang ibu-bayi yang dipilih dengan teknik konsekutif di ruang Perinatologi RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta selama bulan Mei-Juni 2013. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa skala interaksi ibu-bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu meningkat secara signifikan (p=0,0005). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur di ruang Perinatologi.

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Mothers involvement in premature infant care is a component of the family centered care. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of mothers involvement on mother-infant interactions and maternal confidence in premature infant care. This study used a quasy experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. Sixteen partisipants were choosed using consecutive sampling technique in Neonatal Unit Level I-II RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta during May-June 2013. The result of statistic analysis showed that mother-infant interactions scale and maternal confidence increase significantly (p=0,0005). This study recommends the improvement of mothers involvement in premature infant care in neonatal unit."

"Latar Belakang :Insidensi terjadinya ketuban pecah dini (KPD) pada kehamilan preterm adalah 3-10,% dari semua persalinan. Lama terjadinya ketuban pecah dini berpengaruh pada kejadian infeksi maternal dan sepsis pada bayi. Sepsis, termasuk sepsis neonatal awitan dini (SNAD), masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian bayi prematur. Vitamin D berperan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh terutama saat menghadapi infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui hubungan antara lama KPD, leukosit maternal, kadar vitamin D maternal dan tali pusat dengan luaran sepsis awitan dini pada bayi prematur.Metode : Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan menggunakan rekam medis dan data penelitian sebelumnya. Mencatat lama ketuban pecah dini, kadar leukosit maternal, kadar vitamin D maternal dan tali pusat dankejadian sepsis pada bayi yang dilahirkan usia 28-34 minggudi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan, Jakarta. Subjek penelitian diambil secaraConsecutivesampling.Hasil : Selama periode penelitian didapatkan 72 subjek bayi yang dilahirkan dari ibu dengan KPD, 22 bayi (31%) diantaranya mengalami SNAD, sedangkan 50 bayi lainnya tidak mengalami SAD. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama KPD, jumlah leukosit maternal dengan kejadian SNAD tetapi didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar vitamin D maternal dan tali pusat dengan kejadian SNAD.

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Background:The incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in preterm pregnancy is 3-10,% of all deliveries. The duration of premature rupture of the membranes affects the incidence of maternal infection and sepsis in infants. Sepsis, including early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), is still the main cause of premature infant mortality. Vitamin D acts to increase the body s immunity, especially when facing infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the length of the ROM, maternal leukocytes level, maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D levels with early onset sepsis in premature infants.

Method:Design of a retrospective cohort study using medical records and previous research data. Note the duration of premature rupture of the membranes, maternal leukocyte levels, maternal vitamin D levels and umbilical cord and the incidence of sepsis in infants born 28-34 weeks at the National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Center General Hospital Pesahabatan, Jakarta. The research subjects were taken by consecutive sampling.

Results: During the study period 72 subjects were born from mothers with ROM, 22 infants (31%) among them experienced EONS, while 50 other infants did not experience EONS. There was no relationship between the duration of ROM, the number of maternal leukocytes with the incidence of EONS, but a significant relationship was found between maternal vitamin D levels and umbilical cord with EONS events."