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"Written for busy professionals at the forefront of new drug development, "Drug delivery" gets readers quickly up to speed on both the principles and latest applications in the increasingly important field of drug delivery. Recent developments in such areas as combinatorial chemistry, proteomics, and genomics have revolutionized researchers' ability to rapidly identify and synthesize new pharmacological compounds. However, delivery-related properties remain a significant reason for clinical trial failures. It begins with an in-depth review of key fundamentals, such as physiochemical and biological barriers; drug delivery pathways; metabolism; drug formulation; pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues; and more. The remainder of the book is devoted to the systematic examination, including overviews, timely examples, and extensive references, of a host of specific subjects."

"Helps you choose the right computational tools and techniques to meet your drug design goals. Computational Drug Design covers all of the major computational drug design techniques in use today, focusing on the process that pharmaceutical chemists employ to design a new drug molecule. The discussions of which computational tools to use and when and how to use them are all based on typical pharmaceutical industry drug design processes. Following an introduction, the book is divided into three parts:.:. ;. Part One, The Drug Design Process, sets forth a variety of design processes suitable for a."

"Pitched at a level comprehensible to those new to the field, this authoritative text covers the scientific and technological fundamentals of drug delivery as well as clinical applications and the developmental potential in controlled release drug delivery."

"This book clearly demonstrates the progression of nanoparticle therapeutics from basic research to applications. This book, unlike others covering nanoparticles used in medical applications, presents the medical challenges that can be reduced or even overcome by recent advances in nanoscale drug delivery. Each chapter highlights recent progress in the design and engineering of select multifunctional nanoparticles with topics covering targeting, imaging, delivery, diagnostics, and therapy."

"Pengobatan umum akibat bakteri Helicobacter pylori dengan amoksisilin trihidrat yang dikonsumsi secara oral dan berulang kurang efektif. Hal ini dikarenakan amoksisilin trihidrat memiliki waktu yang singkat dalam lambung. Enkapsulasi amoksisilin trihidrat ke dalam matriks sistem penghantar obat mengapung dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, amoksisilin trihidrat dienkapsulasi ke dalam matriks hidrogel Semi-IPN kitosan metil selulosa sebagai sistem penghantar obat mengapung dengan adanya penambahan agen pembentuk pori 20 KHCO3. Metode loading obat dilakukan secara in situ loading dan post loading. Metode loading obat in situ loading memberikan hasil efisiensi penjeratan dan persen disolusi lebih tinggi dibanding proses post loading. Efisiensi dan persen disolusi in situ loading yang didapatkan adalah 100 dan 92,70 secara berurutan. Sedangkan Efisiensi dan persen disolusi post loading adalah 98,7 dan 90,42 secara berurutan. Studi mekanisme disolusi obat dilakukan dengan pendekatan kinetika membuktikan bahwa baik in situ loading maupun post loading adalah difusi dan degradasi dengan nilai n berturut-turut 0,4913 dan 0,4602. Hasil tersebut didukung dengan adanya karakterisasi menggunakan mikroskop optik yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM . Pada hasil mikroskop optik pada kedua metode loading terlihat bahwa permukaan hidrogel semakin kasar. Dan hasil SEM pada kedua metode loading terihat bahwa terbentuknya pori yang memanjang setelah dilakukan uji disolusi.

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Common treatment for Helicobacter pylori by repeated oral consumption of amoxicillin trihydrate is not effective. Amoxicillin trihydrate has a very short residence time in stomach which leads into its ineffectiveness. Residence time of amoxicillin trihydrate can be improved by encapsulating amoxicillin trihydrate into a floating drug delivery system. In this study, amoxicillin trihydrate is encapsulated into hydrogel semi IPN chitosan methyl cellulose matrix as a floating drug delivery system and then treated with 20 KHCO3 as pore forming agent. Drug loading process used are in situ loading and post loading. In situ loading process has higher efficiency percentage and dissolution percentage than post loading process. In situ loading process resulted 100 efficiency with 92,70 dissolution percentage. Post loading process resulted 98,7 efficiency with 90,42 dissolution percentage. Mechanism of drug dissolution study by kinetics approach showed both in situ loading process and post loading process are diffusion and degradation process n 0,4913 and n 0,4602 respectively. These results are supported by characterization data from optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy SEM . Data from optical microscope showed both loading process resulted in coarser hydrogel surface. Characterization using SEM showed elongated pores in both loading process after dissolution test."

"Obat ini sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Hal ini dapat membantu mengurangi rasa sakit dan menyembuhkan penyakit. Namun konsumsi obat harus mengikuti peraturan yang ada. Pelepasan obat dapat dimanipulasi melalui model obat Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan model yang valid obat terdiri dari parasetamol dan kitosan matriks. Sebuah model yang valid dapat dicapai jika hasil dari percobaan dan simulasi menunjukkan nilai perbedaan sedikit Juga konsentrasi profil parasetamol dalam bentuk padat cair dan parasetamol dalam air akan mengamati dan menganalisa secara benar Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah profil pelepasan parasetamol selama 25 menit. Dan itu menunjukkan pelepasan persen parasetamol selama 25 menit Matriks membutuhkan sekitar 7 jam untuk melepaskan parasetamol dalam matriks dengan parameter adalah koefisien pembubaran obat adalah 1x10 9 ml2 mol2 h dan koefisien difusi paraetamol dalam cairan adalah 5 x 10 8 m2 s Dari percobaan parasetamol loading 2,66%, 5,65% and 7,45%.. The pelepasan obat akan terjadi dalam larutan penyangga yaitu air dengan pH 7, 4. Diasumsikan bahwa parasetamol hanya dilepaskan ke air chitosan diasumsikan tidak melepaskan ke air sehingga air harus memiliki pH 7,4 Setelah 25 menit dari rilis persen sampel adalah 14 6 untuk sampel B adalah 13,6 % dan untuk sampel C adalah 21,7%.

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Drug is very important for human being. It can help reduce pain and cure diseases. However consumption of drug must follow its existing regulations. The release of a drug can be manipulated through a model of the drug. The main objective of this research is to obtain a valid model of a drug consist of paracetamol and chitosan matrix. A valid model can be achieve if the result from experiment and simulation show a slightly difference values. Also, the profile concentration of paracetamol in solid, paracetamol in liquid and water will be observe and analyze correctly. The result of the research is profile release of paracetamol for 25 minutes. And it shows the percent release of paracetamol for 25 minutes. The matrix needs approximately 7 hours to release paracetamol inside the matrix, with parameters are: the coefficient of drug dissolution is 1x10-9 ml2/mol2 h and diffusion coefficient of paraetamol in liquid is 5 x 10-8 m2/s. From the experiment, paracetamol loading are 2,66%, 5,65% and 7,45%. The drug release will occurred in buffer solution, which is water with pH 7,4. It was assumed that only paracetamol is released to the water, chitosan is assumed not release to the water, therefore the water must have pH 7,4. After 25 minutes percent release of sample A is 14,6 %, for sample B is 13,6 % and for sample C is 21,7 %."

"Nanoemulsi donepezil yang dihantarkan dari hidung ke otak dapat menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan akumulasi donepezil di otak dan menghindari efek samping di saluran cerna. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya masih menggunakan konsentrasi surfaktan yang dapat menimbulkan sitotoksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan nanoemulsi donepezil dengan droplet berukuran di bawah 200 nm, nilai potensial zeta lebih besar dari 30 mV, indeks polidispersitas kurang dari 0,3, pH mendekati pH fisiologis nasal, serta fluks permeasi in vitro yang lebih tinggi dari kontrol. Nanoemulsi m/a yang mengandung donepezil, asam oleat, Tween 80, PEG 400, BHT, dan air demineralisata dibentuk dengan metode homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi dan ultrasonikasi. Parameter organoleptis, ukuran, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, pH, permeasi in vitro melalui mukosa nasal kambing, dan stabilitas tiga formula nanoemulsi yang mengandung 3%, 4%, dan 5% surfaktan dinilai dan dibandingkan. Ketiga nanoemulsi memiliki ukuran droplet di bawah 110 nm, potensial zeta mencapai -29,77 mV, indeks polidispersitas kurang dari 0,3, pH masih ditoleransi mukosa nasal, dan stabil dalam penyimpanan pada suhu 30 ± 2 °C maupun 5 ± 2 °C selama sebulan. Melalui studi ini disimpulkan bahwa nanoemulsi F2 memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik dan fluks permeasi terbaik (9,51 ± 2,64¼g/cm2.jam) sehingga berpotensi digunakan untuk meningkatkan akumulasi donepezil di otak.

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Donepezil nanoemulsion delivered via the nose to brain route can be an alternative to increase donepezil accumulation in the brain and avoid gastrointestinal side effects. However, previous study still used high surfactant concentrations which can cause cytotoxicity. This study aims to produce donepezil nanoemulsions with droplet sizes below 200 nm, zeta potential values greater than 30 mV, polydispersity index less than 0.3, pH nearing nasal physiological pH, and higher in vitro permeation compared to control. An o/w nanoemulsion comprising of donepezil base, oleic acid, Tween 80, PEG 400, BHT, and demineralized water was formed by high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication. Organoleptic, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, in vitro permeation through goat nasal mucosa, and the stability of three formulas containing 3%, 4%, and 5% surfactant were compared. All three nanoemulsions had droplet sizes below 110 nm, zeta potential up to -29.77 mV, polydispersity index less than 0.3, pH tolerated by nasal mucosa, and stable in storage at 30 ± 2 °C and 5 ± 2 °C for a month. This study concludes that the F2 nanoemulsion had good physical characteristics and the best permeation flux (9,51 ± 2,64¼g/cm2.hour), thus having potential to increase donepezil accumulation in the brain."