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Agung Wijayanto
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Jumlah pasien diabetes melitus (DM) di dunia diperkirakan meningkat menjadi 366 juta pada tahun 2030 dengan peningkatan tercepat pada negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah. Orang dengan TB laten memiliki kemungkinan jangka panjang menjadi TB aktif. Hubungan antara TB dan DM sudah lama diketahui. Orang dengan DM memiliki risiko lebih tinggi berkembangnya TB laten menjadi TB aktif. Tujuan: mengetahui prevalens TB paru dan faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya TB paru pada pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUP Persahabatan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Poli Endokrin RSUP Persahabatan. Subjek penelitian yaitu pasien DM tipe 2 yang berobat di Poli Endokrin RSUP Persahabatan. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis bivariat dan multivariat antara variabel bebas dan terikat Hasil: Jumlah subjek penelitian yaitu 174 subjek yang terdiri dari jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 71(40,8%) dan perempuan 103(59,2%). Prevalens TB paru pada pasien DM tipe 2 yaitu 49 orang (28,2%) yang terdiri dari TB paru BTA (+) yaitu 37 subjek (21,3%) dan TB paru BTA (-) sebanyak 12 subjek (6,9%). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya TB paru pada pasien DM yaitu riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita TB (aOR 3,2; [95% IK 0,538-3,164 ]), IMT rendah (aOR 15,92 [95% IK 4,760-56,160), lama DM kurang dari 1 tahun (aOR 23,136 [95% IK 4,654-11]) dan kadar HbA1C >8 (aOR 17,475 [95% IK 3,428-89,094]). Kesimpulan: Prevalens TB paru pada pasien DM tipe 2 pada di RSUP Persahabatan adalah 28,2%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara kontak dengan penderita TB, lama menderita DM dan kadar HbA1c dengan terjadinya TB paru pada pasien DM tipe 2.

ABSTRACT
Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in the world is estimated rise to 366 million by 2030, with the fastest increase in low and middle income countries. Approximately one-third of the world population is estimated suffer from latent tuberculosis (TB). People with latent TB have a long -term possibility of becoming active TB. The relationship between TB and diabetes has been known. People with DM have a higher risk of developing latent TB into active TB . Objective : To determine the prevalence of TB and the factors that affect the develping TB in patients with DM at Persahabatan Hospital Methods: This study was a cross sectional study. Subject was 174 patients with DM type 2 taken by consecutive sampling. Datas were performed bivariate and multivariate analyzes between independent and dependent variables Results : 174 subjects consisted of male 40.8 % and women 59.2 %. Prevalence of pulmonary TB in patients with type 2 DM are 49 people ( 28.2 % ). Factors that correlation with the development of pulmonary TB in DM patients were patients with a history of close contact with TB patients (aOR 3,2; [95% CI 0,538-3,164 ]), underweight BMI (aOR 15,92 [95% CI 4,760-56,160), duration of diabetes of less than 1 year (aOR 23,136 [95% CI 4,654-11]) and HbA1c levels > 8 (aOR 17,475 [95% CI 3,428-89,094]). Conclusion : Prevalence TB in patients with type 2 DM at Persahabatan Hospital was 28.2 %. There were correlation between contact with TB patient, duration suffering from DM and HbA1c levels with development of pulmonary TB in patients with type 2 DM."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rajiv Hidhayatullah
"ABSTRAK
Indonesia merupakan negara dengan beban ganda pada penyakit menular dan tidak menular. Tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi dengan Indonesia berperingkat dua dari seluruh negara dalam hal jumlah pasien tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi juga. Konvergensi keduanya menimbulkan implikasi serius terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas dari masing-masing penyakit tersebut, pada tuberkulosis dengan adanya komorbiditas ini meningkatkan resiko munculnya kavitas; kavitas inilah yang memiliki implikasi untuk memperlambat konversi. Dengan menggunakan metode cross-sectional serta analisisi chi-square pada pasien tuberkulosis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus diteliti. Hasilnya tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang jelas pada subjek yang memiliki lesi kavitas dan tidak terutama pada konversi pasca 2 bulan pengobatan. Sehingga terdapat perbedaan antara pasien dengan komorbid diabetes mellitus dan tuberkulosis pada umumnya. Perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut dengan desain kohort prospektif dengan menghitung kontrol gula darah pada diabetesnya

ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a country with a double burden of both transmissible and intransmissible disease. Tuberculosis is one of the transmissible disease that is quite prevalent in Indonesia and currently Indonesia is second in number of tuberculosis patient, meanwhile one of the leading chronic disease in number in Indonesia is diabetes Mellitus. The convergence of both disease could lead to serious implication in both the morbidity and mortality of each, from tuberculosis standpoint it could lead to delays in elongated duration in treatment; also cavitary lesion is shown to be more common in diabetes mellitus patient, and in general tuberculosis patient it can result in delay of conversion. So, using chi-square analysis the relationship between cavitary lesion and conversion in patient with tuberculosis comorbidity diabetes mellitus is studied. The result is inconclusive (p=0.906) with the realiton between cavitary lesion and conversion in tuberculosis patient with diabetes mellitus after 2 month intensive treatment. Thus this study should be reassessed by using prospective study design and with the control of glucose level to be respected
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2017
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Miftahul Ulum
"Kasus Tuberkulosis di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menduduki peringkat kedua dunia. Di sisi lain, kasus DM yang dapat meningkatkan risiko TB semakin banyak. Pada DM terjadi penurunan dan abnormalitas sistem imun yang dapat memperparah infeksi TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan DM dengan kesembuhan pengobatan TB. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan total sampel enam puluh data rekam medis pasien TB dan TB-DM yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi di RSCM tahun 2014.
Hasil menunjukkan terdapat pasien TB-DM sebesar 48.3 . Pasien TB-DM yang sembuh dalam enam bulan sebesar 27.6 dan tidak sembuh dalam enam bulan sebesar 72.4 . Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara DM dengan kesembuhan pengobatan TB OR 2.46; 95 CI 0.838-7.223. Selain itu, didapatkan pasien TB-DM dengan gula darah tidak terkontrol sebanyak 55.2. Pasien TB-DM terkontrol yang tidak sembuh dalam dua belas bulan sebesar 7.7, sedangkan pasien TB-DM tidak terkontrol yang tidak sembuh dalam dua belas bulan sebesar 68.8. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kontrol gula darah pada pasien TB-DM dengan kesembuhan pengobatan TB OR 26.4; 95 CI 2.653-262.695.

Indonesia still has high Tuberculosis cases and Indonesia placed second in the world in this matter. On the other hand, Diabetes Mellitus cases, that can increase Tuberculosis risk, is increasing. In DM, the immune system is reduced and became abnormal so it can make Tuberculosis infection worse. This study evaluate the relation between DM and Recovery of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis. This research is cross sectional, with total sample sixty medical record of TB and TB DM cases that fullfilled the inclusion and exclusion criterias in RSCM 2014.
In this research, there are 48.3 of TB DM cases in sixty TB cases in RSCM. TB DM patient that are cured in six months is 27.6 and TB DM patient that are not cured in six months is 72.4. Bivariate analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between DM and the recovery of Tuberculosis OR 2.461 95 CI 0.838 7.223. From glucose control perspective, the percentage of uncontrolled TB DM patient is 55.2. Controlled TB DM patient that are not cured in 12 months is 7.7 meanwhile uncontrolled TB DM patient that are not cured in 12 months is 68.8 . Bivariate analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between blood glucose control in TB DM patient and the recovery of Tuberculosis OR 26.4 95 CI 2.653 262.695.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ayu Triyanie
"Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dengan risiko DM dan tuberkulosis yang tinggi. Penelitian cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku pengendalian DM dengan tuberkulosis. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 291 pasien DM melalui kuesioner, pemeriksaan sputum BTA dan pemeriksaan radiologi didapatkan sebesar 35,7% pasien DM dengan tuberkulosis. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa proporsi TB positif pada pasien DM yang telah didiagnosis DM <2 tahun, tidak memiliki riwayat hipertensi, mengalami gejala DM mudah lapar, berat badan turun dan lemah badan, tidak menerima edukasi dan tidak menggunakan obat antidiabetes berhubungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis.

Indonesia is a development country with high risk of DM and tuberculosis. This research has design of cross sectional study to know association between behavior control of DM with prevalence of tuberculosis. It was applied to 291 patients with DM by using questionnaire instrument, BTA sputum, and radiology examination. 35.7% patients were diagnosed as TB. In this research, it can be concluded that proportion of positive TB in patients with DM who was diagnosed as DM <2 years, had no hypertension, had symptoms of DM (feeling very hungry, weight loss, fatigue), not accepted education and did not use oral antidiabetic have association with prevalence of tuberculosis in patients with DM."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Simamora, Rudy Irianto
"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan prevalensi TB pada pasien DM pada puskesmas wilayah DKI Jakarta. Penelitian memakai desain cross sectional dan melibatkan subyek penelitian sebanyak 291 pasien DM. Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan melalui indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan rasio lingkar pinggang pinggul (RLPP). Dari 291 pasien Prevalensi TB pada pasien DM sebesar 35,7%. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat kejadian TB paru pada pasien DM terbesar pada status gizi kurang yang diukur dengan IMT yaitu sebesar 82,8% kemudian kejadian terjadinya TB pada DM terkecil pada pasien dengan Obesitas grade II sebesar 16,7%. Pada status gizi berdasarkan RLPP didapatkan pasien dengan status normal yang lebih besar mengalami kejadian terkena TB yaitu sebesar 50.7% dibandingkan dengan pasien obesitas yang positif TB sebesar 25.2%. Kesimpulannya, status gizi kurang berhubungan dengan prevalensi tuberkulosis dengan nilai p <0,001.

The association between Body Mass Index and Ratio of Waist-Hip Line with the Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus who Have Been Taking Treatment at Community Health Centers in Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to obtain the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus who have been taking treatment at community health centers in Jakarta and its association with nutritional state of the patients using cross sectional design. The number of patients who become the subjects of this research is 291. From 291 patients, 35.7% patients are diagnosed as TB patients. To measure of nutritional state of the patients two measurements are used: body mass index and ratio of waist-hip line. Based on body mass index, the number of patients with obesity who are diagnosed as TB is 82,2%, as the number of patients with obesity grade II state who are diagnosed as TB is 16,7%, and number of patients with under nutrition who are diagnosed as TB is 82.8%. Based on ratio of waist-hip line, number of patients with obesity who are diagnosed as TB is 25.2% and number of patients with normal state nutrition who are diagnosed as TB is 50.7%. As the conclusion, malnutrition status is associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis as the p value < 0,001."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Iceu Dimas Kulsum
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Prevalens diabetes melitus (DM) terus meningkat di negara
berkembang yang merupakan negara endemis tuberkulosis (TB). Diabetes melitus
meningkatkan risiko infeksi, hambatan konversi sputum dan kegagalan
pengobatan TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi konversi sputum Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) mikroskopik pada
akhir bulan kedua pengobatan TB pada pasien TB paru kasus baru dengan DM.
Metode : Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini dilaksanakan di RSUP Perahabatan
terhadap pasien-pasien TB paru BTA positif kasus baru dengan DM yang berobat
pada periode Juli 2012 sampai Juni 2015. Hubungan faktor risiko dengan konversi
sputum BTA mikroskopik dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat dan multivariat.
Hasil penelitian: Proporsi kegagalan konversi sputum BTA mikroskopik pada
pasien TB paru kasus baru dengan DM adalah 43,04%, sedangkan pada pasien
tanpa DM 22,75% (p<0,001, KI95% 0,11-0,30) dan risiko relatif (RR) kegagalan
konversi 1,89 kali lebih tinggi pada kelompok DM. Faktor risiko yang meningkat
bermakna pada pasien gagal konversi adalah kadar kepositifan sputum BTA
sebelum terapi (p=0,021), HbA1c (p=0,014), GDP (p=0,047), GD 2jam PP
(p=0,030) dan kavitas pada foto toraks (p=0,033) sedangkan albumin serum lebih
rendah bermakna (p=0,013). Analisis multivariat mendapatkan faktor risiko
terkuat untuk kegagalan konversi sputum adalah kadar albumin serum yang
rendah (p=0,046, aOR 0,464, KI95% 0,218-0,986), tingkat kepositifan sputum
BTA mikroskopik sebelum terapi yang tinggi (p=0,009, aOR 2,313, KI95%
1,230-4,349) dan kadar HbA1c yang tinggi (p=0,018, aOR 1,298, KI 95% 1,047-
1,610).
Kesimpulan: Tingkat kepositifan sputum BTA sebelum terapi yang tinggi, status
kontrol DM yang tidak baik, kavitas pada foto toraks dan kadar albumin serum
yang rendah meningkatkan risiko kegagalan konversi sputum BTA pada pasien
TB dengan DM.ABSTRACT
Background: The link of DM and TB is more prominent in developing countries
where TB is endemic and the burden of DM is increasing. Diabetes mellitus
increases the risk of TB infection, delayed sputum smear conversion and TB
treatment failure. This study would like to evaluate factors associated with
delayed sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of TB treatment in
new cases TB with DM patients in Persahabatan Hospital.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Persahabatan
Hospital, included all new cases TB with DM patients in the period from July
2012 - June 2015. All the risk factors performed bivariate and multivariate
analysis in association with sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of
TB treatment.
Results: The proportion of sputum smear conversion failure is higher in TB-DM
than non-DM patients (43,04 vs 22,75%) (p<0,001, CI95% 0,11-0,30) with the
relative risk (RR) for sputum conversion failure 1,89 higher in TB-DM patients.
Bivariate analysis resulted in significant higher of initial sputum smear level
(p=0,021), HbA1c (p=0,014), FBG (p=0,047), post prandial Blood Glucose
(p=0,030) and cavity at chest x-ray (p=0,033) and significant lower of serum
albumin (p=0,013) in non-conversion patients. Multivariate analysis resulted in
risk factors strongly associated with sputum conversion failure are low albumin
level (p=0,046, CI95% 0,218-0,986), high initial sputum smear level (p=0,009,
CI95% 1,230-4,349) and high HbA1c level (p=0,018, CI 95% 1,047-1,610).
Conclusions: Higher initial sputum smear level, uncontrolled diabetic status,
cavity at chest x-ray and lower albumin level associated with sputum smear
conversion failure in TB-DM patients.;Background: The link of DM and TB is more prominent in developing countries
where TB is endemic and the burden of DM is increasing. Diabetes mellitus
increases the risk of TB infection, delayed sputum smear conversion and TB
treatment failure. This study would like to evaluate factors associated with
delayed sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of TB treatment in
new cases TB with DM patients in Persahabatan Hospital.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Persahabatan
Hospital, included all new cases TB with DM patients in the period from July
2012 - June 2015. All the risk factors performed bivariate and multivariate
analysis in association with sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of
TB treatment.
Results: The proportion of sputum smear conversion failure is higher in TB-DM
than non-DM patients (43,04 vs 22,75%) (p<0,001, CI95% 0,11-0,30) with the
relative risk (RR) for sputum conversion failure 1,89 higher in TB-DM patients.
Bivariate analysis resulted in significant higher of initial sputum smear level
(p=0,021), HbA1c (p=0,014), FBG (p=0,047), post prandial Blood Glucose
(p=0,030) and cavity at chest x-ray (p=0,033) and significant lower of serum
albumin (p=0,013) in non-conversion patients. Multivariate analysis resulted in
risk factors strongly associated with sputum conversion failure are low albumin
level (p=0,046, CI95% 0,218-0,986), high initial sputum smear level (p=0,009,
CI95% 1,230-4,349) and high HbA1c level (p=0,018, CI 95% 1,047-1,610).
Conclusions: Higher initial sputum smear level, uncontrolled diabetic status,
cavity at chest x-ray and lower albumin level associated with sputum smear
conversion failure in TB-DM patients.;Background: The link of DM and TB is more prominent in developing countries
where TB is endemic and the burden of DM is increasing. Diabetes mellitus
increases the risk of TB infection, delayed sputum smear conversion and TB
treatment failure. This study would like to evaluate factors associated with
delayed sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of TB treatment in
new cases TB with DM patients in Persahabatan Hospital.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Persahabatan
Hospital, included all new cases TB with DM patients in the period from July
2012 - June 2015. All the risk factors performed bivariate and multivariate
analysis in association with sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of
TB treatment.
Results: The proportion of sputum smear conversion failure is higher in TB-DM
than non-DM patients (43,04 vs 22,75%) (p<0,001, CI95% 0,11-0,30) with the
relative risk (RR) for sputum conversion failure 1,89 higher in TB-DM patients.
Bivariate analysis resulted in significant higher of initial sputum smear level
(p=0,021), HbA1c (p=0,014), FBG (p=0,047), post prandial Blood Glucose
(p=0,030) and cavity at chest x-ray (p=0,033) and significant lower of serum
albumin (p=0,013) in non-conversion patients. Multivariate analysis resulted in
risk factors strongly associated with sputum conversion failure are low albumin
level (p=0,046, CI95% 0,218-0,986), high initial sputum smear level (p=0,009,
CI95% 1,230-4,349) and high HbA1c level (p=0,018, CI 95% 1,047-1,610).
Conclusions: Higher initial sputum smear level, uncontrolled diabetic status,
cavity at chest x-ray and lower albumin level associated with sputum smear
conversion failure in TB-DM patients.;Background: The link of DM and TB is more prominent in developing countries
where TB is endemic and the burden of DM is increasing. Diabetes mellitus
increases the risk of TB infection, delayed sputum smear conversion and TB
treatment failure. This study would like to evaluate factors associated with
delayed sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of TB treatment in
new cases TB with DM patients in Persahabatan Hospital.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Persahabatan
Hospital, included all new cases TB with DM patients in the period from July
2012 - June 2015. All the risk factors performed bivariate and multivariate
analysis in association with sputum smear conversion in the end of two months of
TB treatment.
Results: The proportion of sputum smear conversion failure is higher in TB-DM
than non-DM patients (43,04 vs 22,75%) (p<0,001, CI95% 0,11-0,30) with the
relative risk (RR) for sputum conversion failure 1,89 higher in TB-DM patients.
Bivariate analysis resulted in significant higher of initial sputum smear level
(p=0,021), HbA1c (p=0,014), FBG (p=0,047), post prandial Blood Glucose
(p=0,030) and cavity at chest x-ray (p=0,033) and significant lower of serum
albumin (p=0,013) in non-conversion patients. Multivariate analysis resulted in
risk factors strongly associated with sputum conversion failure are low albumin
level (p=0,046, CI95% 0,218-0,986), high initial sputum smear level (p=0,009,
CI95% 1,230-4,349) and high HbA1c level (p=0,018, CI 95% 1,047-1,610).
Conclusions: Higher initial sputum smear level, uncontrolled diabetic status,
cavity at chest x-ray and lower albumin level associated with sputum smear
conversion failure in TB-DM patients."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dianita Susilo Saputri
"Diabetes melitus (DM) dan tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan double burden disease yang prevalensinya cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Tingginya prevalensi TB dan DM tidak lepas dari peran tenaga kesehatan dalam mendiagnosis dan mendokumentasikan pasien yang berobat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian berdesain cross-sectional ini melihat perbedaan persentase penemuan kasus DM pada pasien TB yang berobat ke dokter dan tenaga kesehatan nondokter. Dengan metode consecutive sampling, didapatkan 242 pasien TB yang terdaftar di 12 Puskesmas dan 2 klinik di Jakarta yang diminta kesediaannya melakukan pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan GDP/TTGO.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian DM lebih tinggi pada pasien TB dibandingkan dengan populasi umum (27,5%, n=236). Persentase penemuan kasus DM pada pasien TB yang berobat ke dokter lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang berobat ke tenaga kesehatan nondokter namun tidak berbeda bermakna (28% vs 19%, p=0,361). Pembandingan persentase penemuan kasus juga dilakukan menurut gejala DM: polifagi, polidipsi, poliuri, berat badan turun, lemah badan, kesemutan, dan penglihatan memburam. Dari seluruh gejala, persentase penemuan kasus DM pasien yang berobat ke dokter masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang berobat ke tenaga kesehatan nondokter. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diharapkan tenaga kesehatan meningkatkan kewaspadaan mengenai gejala DM yang mungkin ada pada pasien TB sebagai bentuk deteksi dini guna mengantisipasi akibat yang tidak diinginkan.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are double burden diseases whose prevalence is still high in Indonesia. The high prevalence of both diseases cannot be separated from the role of health professionals in recording the diagnosis of TB patient who went to health care facilities. This cross-sectional study is conducted to see the difference between casefinding of DM among TB patients who went to doctors and other health professionals. Using consecutive-sampling-method, obtained 242 TB patients who were registered in twelve PHCs and two clinics in Jakarta. Data were collected by filling the questionnaire and FBG/OGT test.
The result showed that the percentage of DM is higher in TB patients compared with the general population (27,5%, n=236). The percentage of DM case-finding in TB patient who went to the doctor was higher than those who went to other health professionals (28% vs 19%, p=0,361). Benchmarking percentage of case-finding was also done by comparing through DM manifestations include: poliphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, weakness, numbness, and blurred vision. From all of the manifestations, the percentage of case-finding was higher in patients who went to the doctor, but it?s not statistically significant. According to the result, health professionals are expected to increase awareness about DM manifestations that may be presented in TB patients in order to detect cases earlier and anticipate the unwanted impacts."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nurul Prihatini
"Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko independen aktivasi infeksi TB laten. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik perilaku berobat pasien DM dengan kemungkinan terjadinya tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, pemeriksaan sputum dan rontgen. Didapatkan 104 (35,7%) pasien dengan TB dari 291 pasien DM. Waktu yang dibutuhkan pasien untuk mencari pengobatan ketika sakit, cara pasien mengatasi gejala, transportasi untuk menjangkau fasilitas layanan kesehatan, punya asuransi atau jaminan kesehatan dan memiliki tabungan kesehatan keluarga berhubungan dengan kejadian TB (p<0,05).

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor of activation of latent TB infection. The purpose of this research is to know relation between characteristics of treatment behavior of DM patient with prevalence of TB.The design of this research is cross-sectional study. Data is collected by questionnaire, sputum test and radiology test.104 (35.7%) from 291 patients with DM are diagnosed as TB.Time needed by patients to seek for treatment,how people take care of their symptoms, how patients go to primary health center, are they having an insurance or government assurance and having family savings for health is related with prevalence of TB (p<0,05)."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nela Lutfiana
"Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia. Saat ini, diketahui bahwa Diabetes Melitus (DM) berasosiasi dengan kejadian TB. Orang dengan DM memiliki risiko tinggi berkembangnya TB laten menjadi TB aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi TB pada pasien DM yang berobat di Puskesmas di DKI Jakarta serta faktor demografi yang mempengaruhi.
Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dan dilakukan dari bulan November 2013 sampai Januari 2014 pada 291 responden. Penentuan TB dilakukan berdasarkan gejala klinis dari hasil kuesioner, pemeriksaan radiologi serta sputum BTA. Prevalensi TB pada pasien DM di DKI Jakarta adalah sebesar 35,7%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna proporsi TB berdasarkan kelompok usia (p=0,001), jenis kelamin (p<0,001), pekerjaan (p=0,004), status pernikahan (p=0,005) dan pendapatan perkapita (p=0,037).

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Indonesia. Studies show that TB is strongly associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing TB than those without diabetes. This relationship may be influenced by many factors, including socio-demographic factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of TB among DM patients in DKI Jakarta as well as the relationship of the prevalence regarding these factors.
This study is conducted using cross sectional design. The data collection has been conducted starting from November of 2013 to January of 2014. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fischer test. Total amount of respondents is 291. The result of this study shows that the prevalence of TB in DM patients in Jakarta is 35,7%. The result shows that age (p=0,001), sex (p<0,001), occupation (p=0,004), marital status (p=0,005), and income (p=0,037) are associated with TB in DM patients.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nurfathonah Aryana
"Tuberkulosis dan diabetes melitus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia karena angka kematian akibat dua penyakit ini masih tinggi. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan adanya hubungan antara kedua penyakit ini. Penulis ingin mengetahui besar angka kejadian TBDM dan hubungan dari faktor pendapatan dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap kejadian TBDM di Jakarta.
Subjek yang diteliti adalah pasien tuberkulosis di 12 puskesmas di Jakarta dan 2 klinik dokter keluarga FKUI. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 242 orang. Data diperoleh melalui pengisan kuesioner dan melakukan pengecekan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji bivariat pada SPSS 20.0.
Dari 236 pasien tuberkulosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 65 orang (27,5%) mengalami DM, 171 orang (72,5%) tidak mengalami DM. Kejadian diabetes melitus berdasarkan kategori pendidikan, sebanyak 46 orang pasien memiliki karakteristik pendidikan rendah dan 28 orang pasien berasal dari subjek yang memiliki pendapatan rendah-menengah. Pada analisis bivariat antara tingkat pendidikan dan TBDM diperoleh hasil adanya perbedaan proporsi bermakna sedangkan analisis bivariat tingkat pedapatan dan TBDM tidak diperoleh perbedaan proporsi bermakna.
Tingkat pendidikan mempengaruhi kesadaran individu untuk melakukan pengecekan kesehatan dengan kata lain mempengaruhi kesadaran pasien akan faktor risiko dari TBDM. Rendahnya pendapatan yang dimiliki oleh subjek tidak memberikan dampak yang berarti bagi kejadian TBDM.

Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus are still a health problem in Indonesia because the number of deaths are still high. Several studies have revealed the relation between tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. From this study, the writer want to know the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients and the relation between income and educational levels on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis patients in Jakarta.
The subjects were tuberculosis patients at 12 Puskesmas in Jakarta and 2 Family Physician Clinics Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. Data obtained by questionnaires and checking fasting blood glucose levels. Then, from 242 subjects were analysed using bivariate test in SPSS 20.0.
The 236 tuberculosis patients who met the inclusion criteria, as many as 65 people (27.5%) had DM, 171 (72,5%) did not have diabetes. Based on the category of education, as many as 46 patients had characteristics of low education and 28 patients had a low-middle income. Level of education and diabetes mellitus showed significant proportion difference in bivariate analysis, income level and diabetes mellitus not showed a significant proportion difference.
The level of education affects the awareness of individuals to perform health checks, or in other words will affect the tuberculosis patient's awareness of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus. Low income did not give a meaningful impact for patients."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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