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"Latar belakang: Suatu biomarker imunologis diperlukan untuk kasus yang berbatasan antara periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) merupakan suatu biomarker penentu risiko dan derajat keparahan penyakit periodonal serta evaluasi hasil perawatan periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar MMP-8 pada cairan krevikular gingiva penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif. Metode: Penelitian ini mencakup 12 pasien periodontitis agresif, 17 pasien periodontitis kronis dan 6 subjek sehat. Kadar MMP-8 diukur dengan teknik ELISA. Hasil: Kadar MMP-8 pada periodonitits kronis tidak berbeda bermakna dengan periodontitis agresif (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: MMP-8 tidak dapat digunakan sebagai acuan diagnosis.

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Background: An immunologic biomarker is needed to distinguish between borderline cases between chronic periodontitis and agressive periodontitis. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) can be a risk profile of periodontal disease, disease progression and evaluation of periodontal treatment.

Aim: Analyze MMP-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients.

Method: Sampel was collected from 6 healthy subjects, 12 subjects aggressive periodontitis and 17 chronic periodontitis subjects. MMP-8 levels were measured with ELISA.

Result:MMP-8 levels in chronic periodontitis did not show any difference to the MMP-8levels in aggressive periodonitits (p>0,05).

Conclusion: MMP-8 can not serve as a diagnostic parameter."

"Latar Belakang: Kerusakan jaringan periodontal terjadi karena inflamasi terhadap invasi bakteri. Human beta defensin-1 adalah peptida antimikroba dan pertahanan pertama terhadap infeksi.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan kadar ekspresi HBD-1 antara kelompok periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normalBahan dan Metode: Kadar HBD-1 dari 94 sampel CKG subjek periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normal diukur dengan ELISAHasil: Analisis Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan kadar HBD-1 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal, dan antara periodontitis kronis dengan periodontitis agresif.Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-1 pada CKG menurun pada kondisi periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontal disease is happened because inflammation reaction ro bacterial invasion. Human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) is antimicroba peptide which regulate the first defense mechanism.

Objectives: To compare level of HBD-1 between chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group.

Material and Methods: Level of HBD-1 from GCF sample of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group were assessed with ELISA.

Results: Mann-Whitney analysis show different level of HBD-1 expression between chronic periodontitis and normal (p<0,05) and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between aggressive periodontitis and normal, and between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Conclusion: Level of HBD-1 in GCF decreased in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan interaksi kompleks antara sitokin pro-inflamasi dan sitokin anti-inflamasi. Sitokin anti-inflamasi seperti IL-4 pada cairan krevikular gingiva (CKG) dapat menjadi biomarker penyakit periodontal.Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar IL-4 dalam CKG penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.Metode dan Bahan: Sampel CKG dikumpulkan dari pasien normal (n=21), periodontitis kronis (n=38) dan periodontitis agresif (n=35) dan dilakukan analisis kadar IL-4 dengan menggunakan ELISA.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-4 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal dan antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal (p=0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-4 (p=0,729) antara periodontitis kronis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) periodontitis agresif (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).Kesimpulan: Kadar IL-4 menurun pada kondisi inflamasi, baik pada periodontitis kronis ataupun periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontitis is a complex interaction between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in GCF that can be used as a periodontal biomarker.

Objectives: To compare level of IL-4 in GCF of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Material and Methods: GCF sample were collected from normal (n=21), periodontitis chronic (n=38) and aggressive periodontitis (n=35) group and analysis of level IL-4 was performed with ELISA.

Results: There was a difference level of IL-4 between chronic periodontitis with normal and between aggressive periodontitis with normal (p=0,000). There was no difference level of IL-4 (p=0,729) between chronic periodontitis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) and aggressive periodontitits (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).

Kesimpulan: Level of IL-4 was decreased in inflammation condition, either chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis."

"Pendahuluan: Periodontitis merupakan penyakit keradangan pada jaringan periodontal yang memiliki multifaktor risiko dan dapat memperparah progresifitas periodontitis. Salah satu faktor risiko periodontitis adalahi menopause yaitu kondisi sistemik pada wanita. Keadaan menopause mengacu pada wanita yang telah berhenti menstruasi selama lebih dari setahun. Menopause dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan mulut termasuk sistem kekebalan tubuh, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pertahanan jaringan periodontal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat imunoglobulin G dalam cairan crevicular gingiva yang merupakan salah satu bagian dari sistem imun jaringan periodontal. Tujuan: Mendapatkan perbedaan kadar imunoglobulin G pada penderita periodontitis dengan menopause dan tanpa menopause. Metode: Sebanyak total 158 pasien diperiksa untuk diagnosis periodontitis dan diwawancarai untuk status menopause. Setelah diseleksi, studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 63 subjek (44 subjek pasien menopause dan 19 subjek non-menopause) yang masing-masing kelompok akan diambil sampel CKG nya. Sampel diuji menggunakan ELISA kit untuk imunoglobulin G. Hasil: Rerata kadar IgG pada penderita periodontitis dengan menopause lebih rendah daripada kelompok tanpa menopause, namun pada uji statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan kadar imunoglobulin G pada penderita periodontitis antara menopause dengan tanpa menopause.

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Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue that has multifactorial risk and can worsen the progression of periodontitis. One of the risk factors for periodontitis is menopause, which is a systemic condition in women. Menopause refers to women who have stopped menstruating for more than a year. Menopause can affect oral health including the immune system so that it can affect the defense of periodontal tissue. This research was conducted to measure the level of immunoglobulin G in the gingival crevicular fluid which is one part of the immune system of the periodontal tissue. Objective: To find out the difference in immunoglobulin G levels in periodontitis patients with menopause and without menopause. Methods: A total of 158 patients were examined for a diagnosis of periodontitis and interviewed for menopause status. After being selected, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 63 subjects with 44 subjects including menopause patients and 19 non-menopausal subjects for which each group would be sampled from CGK. The sample was tested using an ELISA kit for immunoglobulin G. Results: The mean IgG level in periodontitis patients with menopause was lower than the group without menopause, but in the statistical test there were no significant differences in the two groups. Conclusion: There is no relationship immunoglobulin G levels in periodontitis patients between menopause with no menopause."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan infeksi yang melibatkan jaringan pendukung gigi disebabkan oleh biofilm plak gigi pada permukaan gigi dan inflamasi sebagai penyebab dari respons imun pejamu. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) sebagai mediator inflamasi terlibat dalam patogenesis berbagai penyakit inflamasi kronis, termasuk periodontitis dan sebagai regulator tekanan darah. Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan kadar prostaglandin dalam cairan krevikular gingiva pasien periodontitis dengan hipertensi dan non-hipertensi. Metode: Sampel total 60 pasien diperiksa. Terdiri dari 44 pasien kelompok hipertensi dan 16 pasien kelompok non-hipertensi sebagai kontrol. Keadaan hipertensi diukur dengan tekanan darah berdasarkan anamnesis dan menggunakan sphygmomanometer merkuri. Sampel klinis dikumpulkan dari 60 CKG subjek periodontitis. Pengukuran parameter klinis kedalaman poket (PD), dan perdarahan saat probing (BOP ≥1) dimasukkan sebagai kriteria diagnostik. Kedalaman poket dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis (CAL) dicatat sebagai kriteria subjek apabila PD ≥5 mm dan CAL adalah ≥1 mm. Kadar Prostaglandin E2 diperkirakan dalam sampel cairan crevicular gingiva dengan menggunakan uji immunosorbent link-enzyme. Hasil: Tingkat PGE2 signifikan secara statistik dalam kelompok hipertensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-hipertensi (p<0,05). Perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kedalaman poket, resesi, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tekanan darah yang lebih tinggi memiliki potensi risiko peradangan dan perkembangan penyakit periodontal.

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ackground: Periodontitis is an infection that involved tooth supporting tissues by dental plaque biofilm on the tooth surface and host immune response as causal to as inflammation resolution. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as an inflammatory mediator has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, and as a regulator of blood pressure. Objective: To compare the levels of prostaglandin in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients with hypertension and non-hypertension. Methods: A total sample of 60 patients was examined. Consists of 44 patients were hypertension group and 16 patients were non-hypertension groups as a control. Hypertension state was measured by blood pressure based on anamnesis and using sphygmomanometer mercury. The clinical sample was collected from 60 gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) of periodontal disease subject. Measurement of the clinical parameter of probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP ≥1) was included as a diagnostic requisition. The pocket depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was defined as present if the PD was ≥5 mm and CAL was ≥1 mm. Prostaglandin E2 level was estimated in gingival crevicular fluid samples by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The level of PGE2 was statically significant difference in hypertension patient compare with non-hypertension (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in pocket depth, recession, and clinical attachment loss (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher blood pressure related to the potential risk of inflammation and progression periodontal disease."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan penyakit keradangan kronis yang ditandai dengan adanya kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Seiring bertambahnya usia, terdapat perubahan respon inflamasi tubuh, yaitu meningkatnya aktivitas mediator proinflamasi. Salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling sering ditemui pada lansia adalah diabetes melitus (DM). Diabetes melitus memiliki hubungan dua arah dengan penyakit periodontal. Salah satu yang berperan dalam proses proinflamasi ini adalah tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Tujuan: Untuk memperoleh perbedaan kadar TNF-α dan parameter klinis pada pasien periodontitis lanjut usia antara DM dan non-DM. Metode: Subjek terdiri dari 49 pasien periodontitis usia lanjut dengan DM dan non-DM. Data klinis (kedalaman poket, indeks pendarahan, kehilangan perlekatan klinis, dan OHI) dicatat dan sampel cairan krevikular gingiva serta sampel darah diambil. ELISA kit digunakan untuk menganalisa kadar TNF-α. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kedalaman poket, OHI, dan kadar TNF-α antara pasien periodontitis lanjut usia dengan DM dan non-DM (p ≥ 0.05). Kesimpulan: Pasien DM memiliki kadar TNF-α lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan non-DM, sehingga penggunaan TNF-α sebagai biomarker memiliki potensial besar.

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ackground: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periodontal tissue damage. As we get older, there are changes in how our bodies response to inflammation, such as increase in activity of proinflammatory mediator. One of the most common chronic diseases found in the elderly is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus has a two-way relationship with periodontal disease. One of those involved in the proinflammatory process is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Objective: To obtain differences in TNF-α levels and clinical parameters in elderly periodontitis patients between diabetes mellitus and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: The subjects consisted of 49 elderly periodontitis patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Clinical data (bleeding index, clinical attachment loss, and OHI) were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid samples and blood samples were taken. ELISA kit was used to analyze TNF-α levels. Results: Significant differences in pocket depth, OHI, and TNF-α levels between elderly periodontitis patients with diabetes and without diabetes (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetic patients have higher TNF-α levels compared to non-diabetics, so using TNF-α as a biomarker has great potential, but further studies are needed with more samples.

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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada kasus borderline periodontitis agresif dan periodontitis kronis diperlukan suatu biomarker imunologis yang dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis dengan tepat. Human Beta Defensin-3 merupakan suatu protein yang berasal dari host yang dapat menggambarkan derajat keparahan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar hBD-3 pada cairan krevikular gingiva penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif. Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 orang penderita periodontitis agresif, 16 orang penderita periodontitis kronis dan 8 subyek sehat. Kadar hBD-3 diukur dengan teknik ELISA. Hasil: Kadar hBD-3 pada periodontitis kronis tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kadar hBD-3 periodontitis agresif (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-3 dalam cairan krevikular gingiva tidak berbeda bermakna pada penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif sehingga belum bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif diagnosis.

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ABSTRACTBackground: For borderline cases between chronic and aggressive periodontitis, an immunologic biomarker is needed to fix the diagnosis. Human Beta Defensin-3 is a host protein that can describe the severity of periodontitis. Aim: Analyzing Human Beta Defensin-3 (HBD-3) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patient. Method: Samples were collected from 8 healthy subjects, 16 aggressive periodontitis subjects and 16 chronic periodontitis subjects. HBD-3 level was measured by using ELISA technique. Result: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn?t show any difference to the hBD-3 levels in aggressive periodontitis (p>0,05). Conclusion: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn?t show any difference to the aggressive one so it can not be used as a diagnostic parameter in chronic periodontitis and aggressive as well.;Background: For borderline cases between chronic and aggressive periodontitis, an immunologic biomarker is needed to fix the diagnosis. Human Beta Defensin-3 is a host protein that can describe the severity of periodontitis. Aim: Analyzing Human Beta Defensin-3 (HBD-3) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patient. Method: Samples were collected from 8 healthy subjects, 16 aggressive periodontitis subjects and 16 chronic periodontitis subjects. HBD-3 level was measured by using ELISA technique. Result: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn’t show any difference to the hBD-3 levels in aggressive periodontitis (p>0,05). Conclusion: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn’t show any difference to the aggressive one so it can not be used as a diagnostic parameter in chronic periodontitis and aggressive as well., Background: For borderline cases between chronic and aggressive periodontitis, an immunologic biomarker is needed to fix the diagnosis. Human Beta Defensin-3 is a host protein that can describe the severity of periodontitis. Aim: Analyzing Human Beta Defensin-3 (HBD-3) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patient. Method: Samples were collected from 8 healthy subjects, 16 aggressive periodontitis subjects and 16 chronic periodontitis subjects. HBD-3 level was measured by using ELISA technique. Result: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn’t show any difference to the hBD-3 levels in aggressive periodontitis (p>0,05). Conclusion: HBD-3 levels in chronic periodontitis didn’t show any difference to the aggressive one so it can not be used as a diagnostic parameter in chronic periodontitis and aggressive as well.]"

"Periodontitis merupakan penyakit keradangan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang membentuk biofilm pada permukaan gigi. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) merupakan agen anti-inflamasi yang dapat menghambat aktivitas osteoklas. Tujuan: Membandingkan kadar CGRP dalam cairan krevicular gingiva (CKG) antara penderita periodontitis usia dewasa dengan lanjut usia. Metode: Sampel klinis diperoleh dari CKG yang berasal dari 70 subjek yang terdiri dari subjek pria dan wanita dengan penyakit periodontal, berusia 60-75 tahun (n = 42) dan pasien dewasa usia 25-55 tahun (n = 28). Pengukuran parameter klinis, termasuk kedalaman poket, indeks plak, indeks kalkulus, indeks kebersihan mulut, dan indeks pendarahan papila, dinilai sebagai kriteria diagnostik. Pasien yang diambil sebagai sampel jika memiliki kedalaman poket 3-4 mm. Uji ELISA dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar CGRP. Hasil: Kadar CGRP dalam CKG sedikit lebih tinggi pada pasien dewasa (43,26 ± 69,5 pg/μg) dibandingkan pada pasien usia lanjut (25,59 ± 36,7 pg/μg), namun hasil tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar CGRP dalam CKG pasien periodontitis tidak tergantung pada usia meskipun kadarnya cenderung lebih rendah pada pasien usia lanjut.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacteria that forms a dental biofilm. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits osteoclast activity. Aim: To compared the CGRP levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from adult and elderly periodontitis patients. Methods: Clinical samples were obtained from the GCF of 70 subjects with periodontal diseases, including male and female subjects 60–75 years old (n=42) and adult patients 25–55 years old (n=28). Measurements of clinical parameters, including the probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing, were assessed as diagnostic criteria. A pocket depth was defined as being present if the PPD was 3-4 mm. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the CGRP levels. Result: The level of CGRP in the GCF was slightly higher in adult patients (43.26 ± 69.5 pg/μg) than in elderly patients (25.59 ± 36.7 pg/μg); however, this result was not statistically significant (p >.05). Conclusion: The level of CGRP in the GCF of periodontitis patients was not dependent on age and was lower in elderly patients."

"Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh faktor multifaktorial. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) dan matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) melakukan modifikasi pada keparahan dan progresivitas penyakit periodontal dengan cara menghancurkan jaringan kolagen di epitel gingiva. Tujuan: Mendapatkan hubungan tingkat ekspresi TLR-4 dan MMP-8 dalam cairan krevikular gingiva pada periodontitis stage IV grade C. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 21 subjek dengan umur diantara 28-61 tahun diukur dengan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan tingkat ekspresi TLR-4 dan MMP-8 pada periodontitis stage IV grade C (p<0,05). Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara TLR-4 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C, sebaliknya terdapat hubungan antara tingkat ekspresi MMP-8 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat ekspresi MMP-8 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C dan tidak terdapat hubungan ekspresi TLR-4 dengan progresivitas periodontitis stage IV grade C.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by multifactorial factors. toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) modify periodontal disease severity and progression by destroying collagen tissue in gingival epithelium. Objective: Determine the expression of TLR-4 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)in patients with periodontitis stage IV grade C. Level of expression of TLR-4 and MMP-8 from 18 subject aged 28-61 years were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mann Whitney test of TLR-4 showed significantly higher expression level compared with control as well as MMP-8 (p<0.05). Expression of TLR-4 showed no correlation with the progression of Periodontitis stage IV grade C. Expression of MMP-8 have a moderate correlation to the progression of Periodontitis stage IV grade C. Conclusions: There are correlation between MMP-8 Expression with Periodontitis Stage IV grade C Progression, but not with TLR-4."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu perawatan yang dilakukan untuk penanganan pasien periodontitis kronis adalah scaling dan root planing. Setelah dilakukannya perawatan, maka tingkat perdarahan gingiva akan mengalami perubahan. Penelitian yang mengaitkan pengaruh scaling dan root planing terhadap tingkat perdarahan gingiva pada pasien periodontitis kronis di RSKGM FKG UI belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh scaling dan root planing terhadap tingkat perdarahan gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis. Metode: Penelitian dengan pendekatan analitik ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sebanyak 213 rekam medik yang di dapat dari data sekunder rekam medik periodonsia Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2014-2018. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai OHIS dan PBI dari subjek sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan perawatan scaling dan root planing.Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perawatan scaling dan root planing berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kebersihan mulut dan perdarahan gingiva. Nilai OHIS dan PBI akan lebih rendah setelah dilakukan perawatan scaling dan root planing daripada sebelumnya.

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Background: One of the treatments that performed for the patients with chronic periodontitis is scaling and root planing. After treatment, the level of gingival bleeding will change. Research that links the effect of scaling and root planing on the level of gingival bleeding in patients with chronic periodontitis in RSKGM FKG UI has never been done. Objective: This study aims to determine an effect of scaling and root planing on the level of gingival bleeding in patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: Analytic approach study was conducted using 213 medical records sourced from the secondary medical records of Periodontal Integration Clinic RSKGM FKG UI from 2014 to 2018 year of visit. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Result: There were significant differences (p <0.05) between OHIS and PBI values of the subjects before and after scaling and root planing treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, scaling and root planing treatment affect the level of oral hygiene and gingival bleeding. OHIS and PBI values will be lower after scaling and root planing treatments than before.

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