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"This volume explores from multiple perspectives the subtle and interesting relationship between the theory of rational choice and Darwinian evolution. In rational choice theory, agents are assumed to make choices that maximize their utility; in evolution, natural selection ?chooses? between phenotypes according to the criterion of fitness maximization. So there is a parallel between utility in rational choice theory and fitness in Darwinian theory. This conceptual link between fitness and utility is mirrored by the interesting parallels between formal models of evolution and rational choice. The essays in this volume, by leading philosophers, economists, biologists and psychologists, explore the connection between evolution and rational choice in a number of different contexts, including choice under uncertainty, strategic decision making and pro-social behaviour. They will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science, evolutionary biology, economics and psychology."

"Al Shabaab, sebuah insurgensi di Somalia dengan tujuan utama yang nasionalis (selain tujuan transnasionalis dan Islami), membuat keputusan untuk bekerjasama dengan Al Qaeda pada tahun 2008. Keputusan tersebut sangat kontras dengan perilaku Al Shabaab sebelumnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan signifikan baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap faktor-faktor di balik keputusan Al Shabaab, dengan menggunakan metode process-tracing secara retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deklarasi unifikasi Al Shabaab-Al Qaeda pada Agustus 2008 terjadi karena rangkaian peristiwa yang berdasarkan pada tiga faktor berikut: (1) Realisasi ideologi Salafi, (2) Perubahan pemimpin, dan (3) Ketidakmampuan Al Shabaab untuk menstabilkan kondisi kekerasan yang memburuk di Somalia.

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Al Shabaab, a Somalian insurgency with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnationalistic and Islamic preferences) made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with how Al Shabaab behaved previously, indicating that there were some serious changes either internally or externally. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab‟s decision through the use of process-tracing in retrospective.

The results show that Al Shabaab‟s declaration of unification with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about a series of events that traced back to three core factors: (1) The realization of a Salafi ideology, (2) The shift to a radical leadership, and (3) The inability of Al Shabaab to manage the increasingly violent Somalian situation."

"ABSTRAKPerilaku kekerasan (PK) adalah respon kemarahan maladaptif dalam bentuk perilaku menciderai diri,orang lain dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran Pengaruh Rational EmotiveBehaviour Therapy terhadap penurunan perilaku kekerasan di ruang rawat inap RSMM Bogor. Desain?Quasi Experimental Pre-Post Test with ?Control Group? dengan intervensi Rational EmotiveBehaviour Therapy (REBT). Sampel penelitian adalah 53 klien skizoprenia paranoid dengan PK,terdiri atas 25 kelompok intervensi dan 28 orang kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanpeningkatan respon kognitif dan sosial serta penurunan respon emosi, perilaku dan fisiologis secarabermakna (P-value
0,05) pada klien yang mendapatkan REBT. REBT direkomendasikan untukditerapkan pada klien PK bersama dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis.

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ABSTRACTViolent behavior is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by the People whom treatedthemselves, others and the environment. The study aims to get the explanation of the effect rationalemotive behavioral therapy in reducing violent behavioral in Bogor RSMM hospital. Design with?Quasi-Experimental design Pre-Post Test with Control Group? and the intervention of rationalemotive behavior therapy (REBT). The samples of this research are 53 clients with paranoidschizophrenia who has violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clients ascontrol group. The Results of this research show the increasing response of cognitive, social andreducing of emotional response, behavioral, and physiological significantly, at (P-value
0,05) on theclients who get REBT. In 2 times frequency treated associated with the client's social responseincreased. REBT are recommended to provide to the clients with REBT critical nursing generalist;Violent behavior is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by the People whom treatedthemselves, others and the environment. The study aims to get the explanation of the effect rationalemotive behavioral therapy in reducing violent behavioral in Bogor RSMM hospital. Design with?Quasi-Experimental design Pre-Post Test with Control Group? and the intervention of rationalemotive behavior therapy (REBT). The samples of this research are 53 clients with paranoidschizophrenia who has violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clients ascontrol group. The Results of this research show the increasing response of cognitive, social andreducing of emotional response, behavioral, and physiological significantly, at (P-value
0,05) on theclients who get REBT. In 2 times frequency treated associated with the client's social responseincreased. REBT are recommended to provide to the clients with REBT critical nursing generalist"

"Perilaku kekerasan adalah respon kemarahan maladaptif dalam bentuk perilaku mencederai diri, orang lain dan lingkungan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran Pengaruh Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). terhadap penurunanperilaku kekerasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah53 klien skizoprenia paranoid dengan perilaku kekerasan, terdiri atas 25 kelompok intervensi dan 28 orang kelompok kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan respon kognitif dan sosial serta penurunan respon emosi, perilaku, dan fisiologissecara bermakna (p< 0,05) pada klien yang mendapatkan REBT. REBT direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan pada klien perilakukekerasan bersama dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis.Violent behaviour is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by people whom treated themselves, others and theenvironment. The study aimed to explain the effect rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) in reducing violent behavioural.This research design was quasi-experimental using pre-post tests with control group. The samples of this research were 53clients with paranoid schizophrenia who showed violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clientsin control group. The Results showed significant increased cognitive as well as social responses and reduced emotionalbehavioural and physiological responses (p< 0.05) on the group who get REBT. REBT is recommended to be given to clientswith violent behaviour together with general nursing inverventiont."

"Summary:Addresses themes such as - the measurement of diversity and freedom, formal analysis of individual rights and intentions, judgment aggregation under constraints and strategic manipulation in fuzzy environments. This volume also deals with philosophical aspects of normative social choice."

"ABSTRAKTugas Karya Akhir ini menguraikan bagaimana pola dalam terjadinya pengoplosan LPG di Indonesia yang terdiri dari Rational Choice Theory dan The Absence of Capable Guardian sebagai penyebab dari terjadinya tindak pengoplosan LPG. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa, dengan adanya disparitas harga dan kurangnya kontrol distribusi LPG 3 Kg bersubsidi menyebabkan terjadinya pengoplosan LPG di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explain about the pattern of illegal filling in Indonesia which consist of Rational Choice Theory and The Absence of Capable Guardian as the cause of illegal filling. In this papers the author conclude that the existence of price disparity and lack of distribution control as the cause of illegal filling in Indonesia. "