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"Kereta api di kota kota besar di Sumatera merupakan salah satu sarana transportasi darat yang mendukung kegiatan ekonomi di wilayah tersebut Keberadaan sungai yang memutus jalur kereta api menyebabkan diperlukannya pembangunan jembatan jalan kereta api Untuk mendapatkan nilai proyek jembatan yang ekonomis perlu dilakukan studi mengenai tipe jembatan yang memiliki desain paling efisien Dalam studi ini beberapa tipe jembatan rangka baja dengan pembebanan kereta api dimodelkan dengan perangkat lunak berbasis elemen hingga untuk mengetahui besarnya gaya gaya dalam aksial lendutan serta berat jembatan Beberapa variasi permodelan juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui parameter parameter tersebut Variasi yang dimaksud antara lain permodelan sebagai rangka atau portal keberadaan batang tegak mutu batang tepi atas bawah dan diagonal akibat beban suhu serta konfigurasi batang batang diagonal Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rangka tipe Warren adalah tipe rangka batang yang paling efisien untuk desain jembatan kereta api.

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Train is one of the transportation vehicles which support the economy of big cities in Sumatera Bridge construction is needed to cross the river and connects the railway Tha aims of this study is to find efficient railway bridge design In this study several types of statically determinated truss bridge are modelled with a finite element software in order to know their parameters i e axial internal forces displacements and weight of the bridges Some variations are applied in the model to analyze those parameters The variations applied are truss or frame modelization existence of vertical members quality of diagonal top and bottom chord different temperature gradient and different configuration of diagonal member Based on the result it shows that Warren type truss gives the most efficient configuration for raiway bridge design."

"Gempa bumi yang terjadi belakangan ini merupakan hal yang wajar dikarenakan Indonesia berada didaerah rawan gempa. Struktur baja sistem ganda merupakan salah satu sistem struktur penahan gempa berdasarkan ?Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung RSNI 03-1726-201x?. Struktur sistem ganda merupakan gabungan moment frame sebagai penahan beban gravitasi dan moment frame beserta braced frame sebagai penahan beban lateral. Perilaku inelastis berupa kekuatan, kekakuan, dan daktilitas, serta kinerja model struktur saat terjadi gempa diuji dengan metode analisis pushover menggunakan ETABS v9.7.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model struktur sistem ganda SRPMK dan SRBKK memiliki kekuatan dan kekakuan yang lebih besar. Sedangkan daktilitas dari struktur SRPMK lebih baik daripada struktur sistem ganda SRPMK dan SRBKK.

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The earthquake that happened recently is normal because Indonesia is a earthquake-prone area. Dual system of steel frame structure is one of earthquake resistant system based on ?Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung RSNI 03-1726-201x?. Dual system of steel frame structure is a combination of moment frame as gravity resisting and moment frame with braced frame as lateral load resisting. Inelastic behavior such as strength, stiffness, ductility, and the performance of structures during earthquakes tested by pushover analysis method using ETABS v9.7.0. The results showed that dual system structure has greater strength and stiffness. Whereas the ductility of the moment frame structure better than dual system structure."

"Pembangunan proyek Jembatan, di Kabupaten Buatan, Pekanbaru, Riau bertujuan untuk mendukung pendistribusian produksi PT. Pertamina Riau. Namun, pada kenyataannya, lokasi proyek yang kurang memadai menjadi kendala dalam pengiriman alat-alat berat serta pengadaan peralatan kerja yang membuat waktu pekerjaan semakin lama. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencapai tujuan proyek dari segi waktu maka dilakukan percepatan waktu pelaksanaan dengan menggunakan metode cost slope dan Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) yang diharapkan proyek jembatan ini dapat selesai lebih cepat dengan memperhitungkan biaya yang paling efektif. Alternatif percepatan waktu yang dilakukan adalah dengan menambah jam kerja (lembur) dan jumlah pekerja. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dua alternatif maka dipilihlah alternatif penambahan jam kerja (lembur) dengan percepatan waktu yang paling optimal dan pengurangan durasi proyek sebesar 8 hari dari biaya total Rp2.505.912.167,19.

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Highway Bridge’s construction project at Buatan, Pekanbaru, Riau aims to support distribution of production from PT. Pertamina Pekanbaru, Riau. Whereas,in fact, the site of project inadequate become an obstacle on deliver and provide heavy equipments so that spending activities much longer. Therefore, to achieve the project goals must accelerate execution of time with cost slope and Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method, then hopefully, Highway bridge’s project could achieve faster by taking account of the cost effective. To apply time acceleration alternative by adding time of work (overtime) and number of employees. According to two alternatives of calculation, so that the best option has been selected the time of work (overtime) which had optimal time acceleration and reduced project duration 8 days of the total cost project is Rp2,505,912,167.19."

"ABSTRAKKereta api merupakan moda transportasi yang efisien dengan berbagai kelebihannya. Namun, PT KAI dinilai kurang kompetitif dalam menyediakan pelayanan perkeretaapian Indonesia. Hal tersebut salah satunya disebabkan oleh keuangan Perusahaan yang sering merugi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan solusi berupa penganalisisan komponen biaya operator kereta api Indonesia dan potensi penaikan keuntungan dengan regulasi sistem vertical separation yang sudah ada. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode benchmarking pada Inggris, Jerman, dan Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemasukan angkutan penumpang, angkutan barang, PSO, KSO, dan lain-lain berpotensi sedang serta pemasukan sewa-menyewa berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Sementara itu, biaya TAC berpotensi sedang serta gaji petugas dan pegawai berpotensi besar untuk diefisiensikan.

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ABSTRACTTrain was an efficient transportation mode with a lot of superiorities. However, some people felt that PT KAI was less competitive in providing rail service. One of the reasons was company financial loss happened in recent years. This research was conducted to provide a solution with cost components of Indonesia railway operator analysis and profit improvement with the vertical separation system set. Reseacher used benchmarking methods with England, Germany, and Japan as benchmark. The results showed that revenues from passenger, freight, PSO, KSO, and others had medium potential and lease has big potential to be increased. Furthermore, TAC had medium potential and staff cost has big potential to be decreased."

"Kondisi perkerasan jalan di Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan suhu dan perendaman air. Kerusakan yang terjadi akibat suhu yang panas dan genangan air merupakan hal yang sudah biasa. Pada penelitian ini, material baru BNA-Rubber diuji setelah dicampurkan pada aspal penetrasi 60/70 untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahannya terhadap daya tahan akibat suhu dan perendaman. Penelitian dilakukan dengan penambahan BNA-R sebesar 20% dari kadar aspal dan pengujian antara lain adalah dengan uji Marshall, Marshall Immersion, dan juga uji Indirect Tensile Strength dengan alat UMATA. Hasil yang didapat menujukkan bahwa penambahan BNA-R pada campuran aspal memiliki Indeks Kekuatan sisa yang lebih baik ketimbang campuran aspal tanpa BNA-R. Sementara untuk uji Indirect Tensile Strength didapat bahwa hasil Modulus Resilient dari campuran benda uji dengan 20% BNA-R lebih baik ketimbang campuran tanpa menggunakan BNA-R.

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The condition of road pavement in Indonesia relies deeply upon the increase of temperature and its submersion in water. Heat and puddles of water are usual causes of road damages. This study tests the effects of BNA-Rubber; after being mixed in an asphalt hot-mix, against its vulnerability to an increase in temperature and submersion in water. This study is conducted by applying BNA-R in an asphalt hot mix, as much as 20% of the total asphalt content. This mixture is then tested through a series of tests including Marshall, Marshall Immersion, and the Indirect Tensile Strength by using the UMATA. Results from the test indicates that the addition of BNA-R in an asphalt hot-mix has a better index of retained stability than an asphalt hot-mix without the addition of BNA-R.While the results from the Indirect Tensile Strength test states that the Modulus Resilience of the asphalt hot-mix with the BNA-R is much better than the one without the BNA-R."

"Indonesia memiliki tanah kohesif (tanah merah) yang sangat melimpah. Tanah merah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material timbunan pada Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (MSEW) sebagai pengganti material timbunan berupa tanah granular. Skripsi ini menganalisis perilaku MSEW yang berupa displacement horizontal dan tensile force yang terjadi pada perkuatan dengan melihat pengaruh kekakuan aksial perkuatan, jenis tanah timbunan, peak ground acceleration dan modulus geser dinamiknya pada kondisi pembebanan statik dan dinamik dengan metode Finite Element Analysis dengan menggunakan bantuan program Plaxis 2D yang dikalibrasikan terhadap perilaku MSEW dari pemodelan Guler et al. (2011). Hasil yang diperoleh memiliki kemiripan pada kondisi statik, akan tetapi terjadi perbedaan yang besar pada kondisi dinamik. Walaupun demikian, material timbunan berupa tanah merah tetap menghasilkan displacement horizontal yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan tanah granular.

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Indonesia has plenty of cohesive soil (clay). The clay soil can be used as backfill material on Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (MSEW) as a substitute of the granular backfill material. This report analyzes the MSEW behavior that consists of horizontal displacement and tensile force of the reinforcement affected by axial stiffness, backfill soil types, peak ground acceleration and its dynamic shear modulus in static and dynamic loading conditions with Finite Element Analysis Method using Plaxis 2D calibrated to the behavior of MSEW Guler et al. (2011) model. The results obtained are similar in static condition, but has a big difference in the dynamic condition. However, the cohesive backfill material still produce a smaller horizontal displacement than the granular soil."

"Berdasarkan cara pengerjaannya, proyek dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 tipe, yaitu proyek padat alat dan proyek padat karya. Kedua tipe proyek ini mempunyai efek dan kriteria yang berbeda. Dengan mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai tipe-tipe proyek ini, proyek yang dilaksanakan dapat lebih dioptimalkan dan diefisiensikan sasaran metode pengerjaannya yang lebih baik. Contohnya, proyek padat alat dapat membantu dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja dan memakmurkan warga di sekitar proyek. Namun, waktu pengerjaan proyek padat karya akan memakan waktu yang lebih lama dari pada proyek padat alat dan akan memberikan efek kepada biaya pengerjaan proyek. Lewat skripsi ini, penulis ingin mengetahui benefit ratio antara pengerjaan proyek padat alat dan padat karya. Hasil yang dicapai akan mengidentifikasi cara pengerjaan yang bisa memberikan lebih banyak benefit kepada semua pemangku kepentingan dalam proyek ini. Metode analisis yang dipakai menggunakan benefit ratio dan variabel perhitungannya adalah perbedaan biaya, perbedaan waktu pengerjaan, dan mean dari hasil kuesioner untuk mendukung keabsahan pernyataan awal.

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Based on the work methods, a project can be classified in two different types, which are heavy equipment method and labor-intensive method. Both of these types of projects have different effects and criterion. By knowing more about these types of project, the project can be optimized more efficiently. Labor-intensive project can help people to get employed and prospering people around the project area. However, time frame of the project will be longer than heavy equipment method that can affect the cost of the project. Through this thesis, the author is trying to find the benefit ratio between heavy equipment method and labor-intensive method.

The result will indicate the urgency of those projects in remote areas, which is the way that the project is done that has the most benefit for all stakeholders. Method of analysis is uses benefit ratio theory and the calculation variables are included cost differences, time differences, and mean of the questionnaires result to support the initial statement. Result from this thesis is that the benefit ratio of price and time for the local citizens is higher when using labor-intensive method rather than heavy equipment method."

"One of the consequences of regional autonomy is that many regional governments are anthusiastic to improve their transportaion infrastructures, such as constructing simple suspension bridges. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga Depertemen Pekerjaan Umum has published standards and compiled information of suspension bridges in various areas in Indonesia. The bridge-span is generally between 20 to80 m, some are 120 m, and about 1.7 m in width of deck. Based on the standards, some regional governments want to have the simple suspension bridge, but need larger span. Kabupaten Sragen is one of the regional governments planning to construct the suspension bridge connecting Kliwonan to Butuh. However, it is important to notice that such a type of bridge is light, thin, limited in width and in length, sensitive to bending, torsion and vibrations, which are due to the asymetric life-load and wind loads.The objective of this study is to identify the influence of the deck-width augmentation to the behaviour of 40 m to 130 m span suspension bridge by reviewing the natural frequency of structure (bending and torsion behavior) caused by asymmetric life-loads and dynamic wind loads.Greater length of the bridge-span results in lower natural bending frequency (fb). For a bridge with more than 90 m span length, fb is significantly low (less than 0.6 Hz). Augmenting the deck-width from 1.5 m to 1.7 m and 1.9 increases the frequency ratio (torsional frequency/fb).Greater length of the bridge-span will also result in larger vertical and horizontal bending. However, horizontal bending declines when the bridge deck is widened. As for a bridge with more than 100 m in span and 1.5 m in width, the bending value exceeds the allowable limit. The declining percentage of the horizontal bending value due to the 0.2m width augmentation ranges between 1 to 10%. Greater span result in gretaer angle of rotation. On the other hand, wider deck shows lessening angle of rotation. It is shown that augmenting the bridge width from 1.5 m to 1.7 m and 1.5 m to 1.9 m decrease the angle of rotation to 10% and 20%, respectively. The maximum torsion response due to dynamic wind load increases in conjunction to the bridge-span augmentation. However, augmenting the bridge deck from 1.7 m to 1.9 m reduces the maximum torsion response from 1.5% to 13.4%.For simple suspension bridge, it is suggested to limit the span length to 100 m, and deck-width augmentation from 1.5 m to 1.9 m at maximum. Greater span requires steel stiffening reinforcement on the bridge deck."

"Penggunaan Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) sebagai alternatif penggunaan pada perkerasan telah dilakukan di beberapa negara. Mengurangi efek rumah kaca, pengurangan penggunaan energi dan biaya yang dikeluarkan merupakan keuntungan lain penggunaan WMA. Pengurangan suhu berkisar antara 20-40⁰ C. Penggunaan BNA-R (Button Natural Asphalt Rubber) sebagai bahan tambah dapat memberi kontribusi peningkatan kekuatan campuran aspal hangat. Studi penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi BNA-R terhadap aspal dan campuran aspal hangat. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji properties aspal, uji Marshall dan Marshall Immersion, serta uji Wheel Tracking siklus panjang dengan perubahan suhu. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasi adanya kontribusi BNA-R terhadap campuran hangat dengan penambahan kadar terbaik sebesar 10%. Kontribusi BNA-R dapat menaikkan nilai Indeks Penetrasi sebesar 76%, menurunkan nilai penetrasi sebesar 30% dan menaikkan titik lembek sebesar 8%, serta memperbaiki sifat-sifat campuran aspal. Campuran aspal dengan BNA-R dapat menaikkan nilai stabilitas dinamis sebesar 29%.

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The use of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) as an alternative way in the use of pavement has been conducted in several countries. Reducing the greenhouse gas effect, energy use and costs are several other advantages in using WMA. Temperature reduction is in approximate range between 20-40⁰ C. The use of BNA-R (Button Natural Asphalt Rubber) as an additive material which can give the contribution; such as increasing the strength of warm mix asphalt.

The study of this research is conducted to determine the contribution of BNA-R on asphalt and warm mix asphalt. This research uses the properties of asphalt, Marshall and Marshall Immersion tests, as well as the Wheel Tracking test on long cycle with temperature changes.

The results of this study indicate that there are several contributions of BNA-R to the warm mixture by adding BNA-R at 10%. Those contributions of BNA-R can increase 76% of Penetration Index value, reduce 30% of penetration value, increase 8% of softening point and also elevate the characteristics of the asphalt mixture. Moreover, the warm mix asphalt with BNA-R can increase the value of dynamic stability by 29%."

"Sermo Reservoir has been useful for irrigation and power plant. Despite its good reservoir management the reservoir spills millions of cubic meter of water yearly. On the other hand, there is a need for domestic water for surrounding area that can not be met. It indicates that the reservoir capacity needs increasing. The combined spillway (Free flow spillway and siphon) has been studied where higher capacity of water storage may be attained without increasing the dam crest. This is conducted by increasing the crest of the open type spillway (for examole ogee) to a certain height and at the same time adding the capacity of the open type spillway with spion. At certain height above the open spillway crest, the siphon is priming to add the discharge out from the spillway and hence required height of flood water above the open spillway is reduced. Such method that is increasing spillway weir crest may be applied for Sermo Dam.The paper studie a typical reservoir called Waduk Sermo that is located in Kulon Progo, Special province of Jogjakarta, where the data is available for simulation. During three years of record, Sermo resevoir spills quite a lot of water which otherwise was very useful for the domestic water. With the increasing need for clean water, it is essential to study the real availability of water in the reservoir. Such spill would have been minimized when the dam was equipped with siphon spillway. Mathematical modeling of water balance in the reservoir during the three years of record was carried out. The out flow includes water for irrigation, electricity power and domestic purpose (drinking water). The domestic water discharge is varied in order to obtain optimal capacity for water withdrawal. The effect of higher spillway crest on the capacity of the reservoir to supply domestic water is simulated for comparison.The study shows that Sermo reservoir is capable of serving approximately 1501/s of domestic water with time of service is 92%. This is the same as if no water is available for approximately one month per year. An additional dam crest of 1 m high produces a capacity of approximately 2251/s at the same risk as before. There is approximately an additional 2 million m3 of water available for domestic water yearly. It is concluded that such reservoir might have been more optimal when the crest was 1 m higher."