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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara adult romantic attachment dengan infertility-related stress pada perempuan yang mengikuti program Teknologi Reproduksi Berbantu (TRB). Pengukuran adult romantic attachment dilakukan dengan alat ukur adaptasi dari The Experiences in Close Relationship (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) yang menghasilkan dua skor berdasarkan dimensi-dimensinya, yaitu avoidance dan anxiety. Pengukuran infertility-related stress dilakukan dengan alat ukur adaptasi dari The Fertility Problem Inventory (Newton, Sherrard, & Glavac, 1999) yang menghasilkan satu skor total dan lima skor berdasarkan domain-domainnya, yaitu social concern, sexual concern, relationship concern, need for parenthood, dan rejection of childfree lifestyle. Berdasarkan penelitian terhadap 37 partisipan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara anxiety dalam adult romantic attachment dengan infertility-related stress. Anxiety juga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan sebagian besar domain infertility-related stress, kecuali dengan rejection of childfree lifestyle. Sementara, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara avoidance dalam adult romantic attachment dengan infertility-related stress. Avoidance juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan sebagian besar domain infertility-related stress, kecuali dengan relationship concern. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, lama waktu pernikahan memberikan pengaruh terhadap anxiety dalam adult romantic attachment dan letak masalah infertilitas memberikan pengaruh terhadap infertility-related stress.

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This research was conducted to find correlation between adult romantic attachment and infertility-related stress among women taking Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Adult romantic attachment was measured using adopted version of The Experiences in Close Relationship (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) which produces two scores based on its dimensions, avoidance and anxiety. Infertility-related stress was measured using adopted version of The Fertility Problem Inventory (Newton, Sherrard, & Glavac, 1999) which produces one total score and five scores based on its domains, social concern, sexual concern, relationship concern, need for parenthood, and rejection of childfree lifestyle. The participants of this research were 37 women taking Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) who met the characteristics needed.

The result showed that anxiety on adult romantic attachment correlated significantly with infertility-related stress. Anxiety also correlated with almost domains of infertility-related stress, except rejection of childfree lifestyle. Meanwhile, avoidance on adult romantic attachment didn’t correlate significantly with infertility-related stress. Avoidance also didn’t correlate with almost domains of infertility-related stress, except rejection of childfree lifestyle. Based on the research’s result, duration of marriage influenced anxiety on adult romantic attachment and diagnosis of infertility problem influenced infertility-related stress."

"Sexting adalah perilaku bertukar pesan foto atau pesan teks yang bernuansa seksual melalui ponsel atau media seluler lainnya. Perilaku sexting merupakan salah satu cara menjaga hubungan asmara dengan pasangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara keterikatan orang dewasa dengan perilaku sexting, yang berusaha untuk melihat aspek psikologis yang mendasari perilaku sexting dalam hubungan romantis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok dewasa muda yang sedang menjalin hubungan asmara berpacaran dan melakukan sexting dengan pasangannya yaitu sebanyak 20 laki-laki dan 54 perempuan (N = 74). Kelekatan orang dewasa diukur menggunakan The Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) yang terdiri dari 18 item pada dimensi kecemasan dan 18 item pada dimensi penghindaran. Perilaku sexting diukur menggunakan skala sexting dengan 8 item yang mengukur frekuensi perilaku dan konten seks yang dipertukarkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi keterikatan kecemasan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku sexting (r (71) = 0,274, p <0,05).

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Sexting is the behavior of exchanging sexual photos or text messages through cell phones or other cellular media. Sexting behavior is one way of maintaining a romantic relationship with a partner. This study aims to look at the relationship between adult attachment to sexting behavior, which seeks to see the psychological aspects that underlie sexting behavior in romantic relationships. This research was conducted on a group of young adults who were dating and having sexting with their partners, as many as 20 men and 54 women (N = 74). Adult attachment was measured using The Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) which consisted of 18 items on the anxiety dimension and 18 items on the avoidance dimension. Sexting behavior was measured using a sexting scale with 8 items measuring the frequency of sexual behavior and content exchanged. The results showed that the dimension of attachment anxiety had a significant relationship with sexting behavior (r (71) = 0.274, p <0.05)."

"ABSTRAK

Infertilitas merupakan kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan permasalahan psikologis. Pada pasangan yang mengalami infertilitas, kecemasan dan distres (infertility-related stress) menjadi masalah psikologis yang sering dialami. Meski infertilitas dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, perempuan menjadi pihak yang lebih terbebani dalam menghadapi infertilitas. Untuk membantu menurunkan kecemasan dan infertility-related stress perempuan yang mengalami infertilitas, peneliti menggunakan intervensi Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain penelitian quasi experiment dengan metode pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group. Sebanyak lima orang partisipan terlibat dalam penelitian dengan dua orang partisipan kelompok eksperimen dan tiga orang partisipan kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran efektivitas intervensi dilakukan menggunakan State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) dan The Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI). Peneliti juga menggunakan alat ukur The Positive Negative Affective Scale (PANAS) untuk mengukur afek positif dan afek negatif partisipan kelompok eksperimen selama mengikuti sesi intervensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan kelompok eksperimen yang mendapat intervensi ACT selama lima sesi mengalami penurunan kecemasan dan infertility-related stress. Pada partisipan kelompok eksperimen juga ditemukan bahwa ACT dapat menurunkan afek negatif dan meningkatkan atau menstabilkan afek positif partisipan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi ACT efektif dalam menurunkan kecemasan dan infertility-related stress pada perempuan yang mengalami infertilitas.

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ABSTRACT

Infertility is a condition that could create psychological problem. To couples who experience infertility, anxiety and stress become psychological problems that are often experienced. Although infertility can be caused by various factors, women are more burdened in dealing with infertility. To help reduce the anxiety and infertility-related stress of women who experience infertility, the researcher use the intervention of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental research design using the pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group method. A total of five participants were involved in the study with two participants in the experimental group and three participants in the control group. Measurements of the effectiveness of the intervention were carried out using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and The Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI). The researcher also used the The Positive Negative Affective Scale (PANAS) to measure the positive affect and negative affect of the experimental group participants during the intervention session. The results of this study indicate that the experimental group participants who received ACT intervention experienced decreased anxiety and infertility-related stress. The participants of the experimental group it was also found that ACT could reduce the negative affect of participants and increase or stabilize the positive affect of participants. Thus, it can be concluded that ACT intervention is effective in reducing anxiety and infertility-related stress in women who experience infertility."

"Perkembangan hubungan interpersonal merupakan tugas penting di masa dewasa muda. Individu dewasa muda akan berfokus untuk membangun hubungan yang kuat dan intimate saat mereka mengalami ketegangan antara intimacy dan isolation. Apabila individu gagal mencapai intimacy, individu dapat mengalami isolation, kesepian, ketakutan terhadap hubungan, dan penyesuaian yang buruk. Salah satu hubungan paling penting yang terbentuk dalam kehidupan individu dewasa muda adalah hubungan romantis. Perbedaan individu dalam menjalani hubungan romantis dapat dijelaskan melalui adult attachment, yang terbentuk dari internal working models berdasarkan pola asuh yang dipersepsikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara perceived parenting style dan adult attachment pada dewasa muda di Indonesia. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 147 individu dewasa muda yang berusia 18-25 tahun, pernah tinggal dengan salah satu atau kedua orang tua, dan pernah atau sedang menjalin hubungan romantis. Pengukuran kedua variabel dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur Parental Authority Questionnaire dan Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-Short Form. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara persepsi pola asuh otoriter dan anxious attachment (r = 0,287, p < 0.001). Dengan kata lain, makin tinggi tingkat pola asuh otoriter yang dipersepsikan, makin tinggi pula tingkat anxious attachment yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi pola asuh otoriter dan avoidant attachment. Selain itu, persepsi pola asuh otoritatif tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan anxious maupun avoidant attachment.

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The development of interpersonal relationships is an important task in emerging adulthood. Emerging adults will focus on building strong, intimate relationships as they experience the tension between intimacy and isolation. If they fail to achieve intimacy, they may experience isolation, loneliness, fear of relationships, and poor adjustment. One of the most important relationships that form in an emerging adult's life is a romantic relationship. Differences in how individuals navigate romantic relationships can be explained through adult attachment, which is formed from internal working models shaped by perceived parenting styles. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between perceived parenting style and adult attachment among emerging adults in Indonesia. Participants in this study consisted of 147 emerging adults aged 18-25 years who have lived with either one or both parents and have been or are currently in a romantic relationship. The measurement of the two variables was conducted using the Parental Authority Questionnaire and the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-Short Form. The results of the correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between perceived authoritarian parenting and anxious attachment (r = 0.287, p < 0.001). In other words, the higher the perceived level of authoritarian parenting, the higher the level of anxious attachment. This study also found no significant relationship between perceived authoritarian parenting and avoidant attachment. In addition, perceptions of authoritative parenting did not have a significant relationship with anxious or avoidant attachment."

"Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana gambaran adult attachment style dan cara penyelesaian konflik serta perbedaan cara penyelesaian konflik terhadap orang yang memiliki attachment style tertentu pada hubungan romantis emerging adulthood di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental yaitu korelasional. Penelitian terdiri dari 289 partisipan yang sedang menjalani hubungan romantis pada usia 18-25 tahun. Variabel adult attachment style diukur menggunakan The Experiences in Close Relationship – Revised (ECR-R) oleh Fraley, Waller dan Brennan (2000) dan variabel cara penyelesaian konflik diukur menggunakan Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS) oleh Zacchilli, Hendrick dan Hendrick (2009). Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu sebagian besar partisipan memiliki secure dan preoccupied attachment style dan cara penyelesaian konflik yang compromise dan avoidance. Melalui teknik korelasi chi square dan crosstabulation ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan cara penyelesaian konflik antara orang memiliki secure dan preoccupied attachment.

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This aim of this study is to see how adult attachment style describes and how to resolve conflict and also resolve conflict resolution methods for people who have a certain attachment style in romantic relationship that emerged during the Pandemic COVID-19. This research is a non-experimental research that is correlational. The study consisted of 289 participants who were in romantic relationships at the age of 18-25 years. Adult attachment style variables were measured using The Experiences in Close Relationship – Revised (ECR-R) by Fraley, Waller and Brennan (2000) and variable conflict resolutions were measured using Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS) by Zacchilli, Hendrick and Hendrick (2009). The results obtained, most of the participants have a secure and preoccupied attachment style and for conflict resolution is compromise dan avoidance. Through the correlation technique of chi square and crosstabulation, it was found there is differences way to resolve conflicts between people who have a secure and preoccupied attachment."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai perbedaan kualitas hubungan romantis berdasarkan tipe-tipe adult attachment pada dewasa muda yang berpacaran. Pengukuran adult attachment dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur The Experiences in Close Relationships-Short form (Wei et. al., 2007) dengan koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0.710. Pengukuran kualitas hubungan romantis dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Partner Behaviours as Social Context dan Self Behaviours as Social Context (Ducat, 2009) dengan masing-masing koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0.904 dan 0.734. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 205 orang, terdiri atas 86 laki-laki dan 119 perempuan. Responden adalah dewasa muda berusia 20-40 tahun dan sedang berpacaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kualitas hubungan romantis berdasarkan tipe secure attachment (p = .730), preoccupied attachment (p = .892), fearful attachment (p = .260), dan dismissing attachment (p = .627). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa persepsi individu terhadap kualitas hubungan romantisnya tidak dibedakan dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh tipe-tipe adult attachment, yaitu secure, preoccupied, fearful, dan dismissing. Hasil analisis tambahan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hubungan romantis memiliki hubungan yang signifikan negatif dengan tipe secure attachment (r = -.382, p < 0.01), namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang dengan tipe preoccupied, fearful, dan dismissing attachment.

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This study aimed to find differences in romantic relationship quality based on adult attachment styles among young adults in dating relationships. Level of adult attachment was measured by using Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Short Form Inventory (Wei et. al., 2007) and romantic relationship quality was measured by using Partner Behaviours as Social Context and Self Behaviours as Social Context (Ducat, 2009). Number of subjects in this research was 205 respondents with 86 males and 119 females. Respondents are young adults aged 20-40 years old and in an dating relationship.

The result of this study showed that there was no differences in romantic relationship quality compared to secure attachment style (p = .730), preoccupied attachment style(p = .892), fearful attachment style (p = .260), and dismissing attachment style (p = .627). This result shows that romantic relationship quality isn’t determined by adult attachment styles. The additional anaylisis shows that romantic relationship quality has a negative significant correlation with secure attachment style (r = -.382, p < 0.01), but has no correlation with preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing attachment style."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara adult attachment dan komitmen pada emerging adult yang sedang berpacaran. Sebanyak 203 responden mengisi kuesioner alat ukur adult attachment (Experience in Close Relationship) dan komitmen (Commitment Inventory). Pada penelitian ini, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan negatif antara adult attachment dan komitmen (r = -.269, p = .000). Hal ini berarti, semakin rendah adult attachment, semakin tinggi komitmen yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komitmen dengan kategori adult attachment, yaitu secure, preoccupied, dismissive, fearful ( p > 0,5).

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The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between adult attachment and commitment among dating emerging adult. A total 203 respondent completed questionnaires on adult attachment (Experience in Close Relationship) and commitment (Commitment Inventory). In this research, the result points out a negative and significant relationship between adult attachment and commitment (r = -.269, p = .000). It means, low attachment indicates high commitment. The result of this research also indicates that the adult attachment?s categories (secure, preoccupied, dismissive, fearful) doesn?t correlated with commitment (p > 0,5)."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara interaksi ayah-orang dewasa keterikatan dengan orang dewasa baru yang berada dalam hubungan romantis. Keterlibatan Ayah memiliki dua aspek yaitu aspek afektif dan aspek perilaku. Aspek afektif dari interaksi ayah menggunakan Nurturant Fathering Scale (NFS), sedangkan aspek perilaku Interaksi ayah diukur menggunakan Skala Keterlibatan Ayah (FIS). Keduanya adalah alat ukur dikembangkan oleh Finley dan Schwartz (2004). Kemelekatan orang dewasa memiliki dua dimensi, yaitu dimensi kecemasan dan penghindaran. Untuk mengukur kedua dimensi orang dewasa attachment, digunakan untuk mengukur Experience dalam bentuk Close-Short Relations (ECR-S) Milik Wei, Russell, Mallinckrodt, dan Vogel (2007). Sebanyak 551 responden dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aspek afektif Interaksi ayah memiliki hubungan dengan kecemasan lampiran (r = -0,129, p <0,01, dua sisi) tetapi tidak memiliki hubungan dengan menghindari keterikatan. Kemudian Ditemukan bahwa perilaku interaksi ayah tidak berhubungan kecemasan atau menghindari keterikatan.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between father-adult interactions with new adults who are in romantic relationships. Father's involvement has two aspects, namely affective aspects and behavioral aspects. The affective aspect of the father's interaction uses the Nurturant Fathering Scale (NFS), while the behavioral aspects of the father's interaction are measured using the Father's Involvement Scale (FIS). Both are measuring tools developed by Finley and Schwartz (2004). Adult attachment has two dimensions, namely the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance. To measure both dimensions of adult attachment, it is used to measure Experience in the form of Close-Short Relations (ECR-S) by Wei, Russell, Mallinckrodt, and Vogel (2007). A total of 551 respondents in this study. The results of this study indicated that the affective aspect of the father's interaction had a relationship with attachment anxiety (r = -0.129, p <0.01, both sides) but had no relationship with attachment avoidance. Later it was found that the father's interaction behavior was not related to anxiety or attachment avoidance."

"Perempuan infertil yang sudah pernah gagal program Teknologi Reproduksi Berbantu TRB memiliki penilaian negatif terhadap diri sendiri yang besar. Self-compassion menjadi sesuatu yang penting bagi mereka untuk dapat berbelas kasih terhadap dirinya sendiri dalam menghadapi penderitaan akibat infertilitas. Self-compassion merupakan sikap diri yang positif secara emosional yang dapat melindungi diri akibat penilaian diri yang negatif, isolasi diri, dan ruminasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ACT untuk meningkatkan self-compassion pada perempuan pasien TRB yang mengalami distres psikologis. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi experiment research dengan metode pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group. Terdapat keterbatasan penelitian sehingga hanya ada satu orang dalam kelompok eksperimen dan tiga orang dalam kelompok kontrol yang berpartisipasi. Partisipan pada kelompok eksperimen mengalami peningkatan self-compassion berdasarkan skor pada Self-Compassion Scale SCS dan penurunan distres infertilitas berdasarkan skor pada Fertility Problem Inventory FPI , yang ternyata dialami juga oleh satu dari tiga partisipan pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ACT dapat meningkatkan self-compassion perempuan pasien TRB yang mengalami distres psikologis, walaupun terdapat proses lain tanpa bantuan terapi yang dapat membuat mereka memiliki self-compassion lebih baik. Penjelasan hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat secara lengkap pada bagian diskusi.

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Infertile women that failed Assisted Reproductive Technology ART have high negative self judgment. Self compassion is important for them for having compassion to themselves in facing the suffering because of infertility. Self compassion is an emotionally positive self attitude that should protect against the negative consequences of self judgment, isolation, and rumination. This research use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ACT for enhancing self compassion among women taking ART that have psychological distress. Quasi experiment with pretest posttest nonequivalent control group method is used in this research. Some limitations made the participants only contain by one person in experiment group and three persons in control group. Participant in experiment group showed rise on self compassion seen from Self Compassion Scale SCS with the decline on infertility distress seen from Fertility Problem Inventory FPI . This condition was also found in one of three participants in control group. These results showed that ACT can enhance self compassion among women taking ART with psychological distress, although the enhancement can be happened without therapy. Further explanation about these results can be seen on discussion section."

"Didasari oleh fenomena maraknya perilaku seks bebas pada remaja di Indonesia, peneliti mencurigai bahwa adanya hubungan antara perilaku seks bebas dan status identitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara romantic attachment styles dan status identitas pada remaja akhir. Romantic attachment styles merupakan pola dari berbagai harapan, kebutuhan, emosi, dan perilaku sosial pada figur attachment (pacar) sebagai hasil dari pengalaman attachment pada masa lalu yang biasanya diawali dari hubungan dengan orangtua (Fraley dan Shaver, 2000). Status identitas diartikan sebagai adanya eksplorasi dan komitmen pada ranah pekerjaan dan ideologi (Marcia, 1993). Romantic attachment styles responden diukur dengan alat ukur Experience in Close Relationship-Short Form yang dikembangkan oleh Wei, Russell, Mallinckrodt, dan Vogel (2007) dan diadaptasi oleh Wardani (2015). Status identitas diukur dengan alat ukur Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status yang dikembangkan oleh Adams & Benion (1994). Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 184 remaja akhir berusia 18-21 tahun. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara romantic attachment styles dan status identitas pada remaja akhir.

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Based on the phenomena of free sex among adolescents in Indonesia, researchers suspect that there is correlation between free sex and identity status. This study is aimed to examine the relationtionship between romantic attachment styles and identity status in late adolescents. Romantic attachment styles are patterns of expectations, needs, emotions, and social behavior in attachment figure as the results of the experience of attachment in the past which usually starts with the relationship with parents (Fraley and Shaver, 2000). Identity statuses were the presence of crisis and commitment in the areas of occupation and ideology (Marcia, 1993). Romantic attachment styles respondents was measured by using Experience in Close Relationship-Short Form which was developed by Wei, Russel, Mallinckrodt, and Vogel (2007) and had been adapted by Wardani (2015). Identity status was measured by using Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status which was developed by Adams & Benion (1994). Respondents of this research were 184 late adolescents in aged 18 to 21 years old. The result of this research shows that there is a significant correlation between romantic attachment styles and identity status in the late adolescents."