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"Kafein yang merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam minuman berenergimemiliki dampak pada berat badan dan aktivitas fisik Konsumsi kafein akanmenyebabkan peningkatan dari kesadaran dan kewaspadaan Dengan terjadinyapeningkatan ini maka aktivitas fisik akan meningkat sehingga berat badan dapatturun Hal ini masih menjadi perdebatan beberapa ahli antara hubungan kafeindengan berat badan Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuipengaruh kafein terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik Penelitian dilakukan denganmemakai 15 ekor hewan coba tikus yang akan diberi Minuman B kafein danakuades Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan uji setiap hariselama 5 hari per minggu dan dilakukan selama 3 minggu Berat badan diukur setiappagi hari 30 menit setelah pemberian bahan uji dan aktivitas fisik dalam detik diukurselama 3 menit Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terjadi perbedaan yang bermaknapada perubahan berat badan dari minuman berenergi B dengan kafein p 0 251 Minuman B dengan akuades p 0 762 dan kafein dengan akuades p 0 105 Tidakterdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari aktivitas fisik tikus antara Minuman Bdengan kafein p 0 076 terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara Minuman B denganakuades p 0 001 dan antara kafein dengan akuades p 0 000 Batas penilaiankemaknaan ditentukan dengan nilai p 0 05.

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Caffeine is one of major component in energy drinks have impact to body weight andphysical activity Consumption caffeine will increase consciousness and alertness Byincrease physical activity the body weight can be decreased It is still debate by someexpert the correlation between caffeine and body weight So the purpose of thisresearch was to determine the effect of caffeine on body weight and physical activity This research was conduct by using 15 rats that each five of them was given B drinks caffeine and aquadest respectively The research was conducted by administering thetest substance daily for 5 days per week for 3 weeks Body weight was measuredevery morning 30 minutes after administration of the test substance and physicalactivity measured in seconds for 3 minutes Result from this research is notsignificant The result showed up in rat body weight between B drinks and Caffeine p 0 251 Minuman B and akuades p 0 762 caffeine and aquadest p 0 105 Furthermore no significant result in mouse physical activity between Minuman Band Caffeine p 0 076 but have significant result between B drinks and aquadest p 0 001 and between caffeine and aquadest p 0 000 There is significant result ifp 0 05 "

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Minuman berenergi mengandung kafein, sebuah zat yang menurunkan berat badan dan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan dari 496 mahasiswa, 51% mahasiswa meminum lebih dari satu minuman energi dalam setiap bulan. Selain itu, 30-50 % anak-anak, dan dewasa di Amerika Serikat mengonsumsi minuman berenergi. Sehubungan penelitian tersebut, kami ingin mengetahui pengaruh minuman Merk A terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung dari 14 Desember 2011-2 Januari 2012. Eksperimen diterapkan kepada 15 ekor tikus dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok dan tiap kelompok mendapatkan minuman Merk A, Kafein dan Akuades. Selanjutnya, tikus diberi bahan uji dalam dosis tertentu dan diamati aktivitas serta berat badannya. Penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kenaikan berat badan tikus yang meminum Merk A, Kafein dan Akuades ( p >0.05). Meskipun begitu, terdapat kenaikan aktivitas fisik yang bermakna ( p<0.05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh minuman berenergi terhadap berat badan tidak ada, namun tidak terhadap aktivitas fisik.

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Energy drink is beverage commonly consumed by people. It contains caffeine, a substance can reduce body weight and increase physical activity. A research in United States shows that from 496 students, 51% of them drink more than one bottle of energy drink per month. Also, 30%-50% children and adults in U.S consume them. From this research, we want to know the effect of Merk A to body weight and physical activity.

Data collected from December 14th , 2011 until January 2nd, 2012. Experiment was applied to 15 rats that are differentiated into three groups and each group got Merk A, Caffeine, and Aquadest. After they consume it, they were monitored in term of their weight and physical activity.

The research shows that there isn't significance increase in weight of rats that consume Merk A, Caffeine and Aquadest (p> 0.05). However, there is a significance increase to their physical activity (p<0.05). It can be concluded that energy drink gives no impact to body weight but it affects physical activity."

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang diproduksi secara besar-besaran Target penjualan utama adalah remaja. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2008 konsumsi minuman berenergi mencapai 35,8 juta dan mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 14% setiap tahunnya. Minuman berenergi pada umumnya mengandung kafein, suatu zat yang dapat mempengaruhi berat badan dan Aktivitas fisik.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh antara minuman berenergi terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung dari 14 Desember 2011 sampai 2 Januari 2012.Eksperimen dilakukan pada15 ekortikus yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga dan setiapkelompok mendapatkan minuman berenergiMerek E, Kafein benzoat dan akuades. Tikus setiap hari diberi minuman tersebut sesuai dengan kelompok dan dosisnya.Setelah pemberian minuman tersebut dicatat aktivitas fisik dan berat badan dari tikus tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan berat badan tikus yang mengonsumsi minuman berenergiMerek E, Kafein dan Akuades (p<0.05). Terdapat kenaikan aktivitas fisik yang bermakna pada tikus yang mengonsumsi minuman berenergiMerek Edan Kafein terhadap Akuades ( p<0.05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman berenergi Merek E memiliki pengaruh terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik.

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Energy drink is beverage that is produced in large amounts. The main consumers of this beverage is teenager. A research shown that the consumption of enegy drink reached 35.8 millions in 2008, and growth until 14% per year. Commonly, Energy drink contains caffeine, a substance that can be used to reduce body weight and to increase physical activity. From this research, we want to know the effect of MerkE to body weight and physical activity.

Data collection started from December 14, 2011 till January 2, 2012. Experiment was applied to 15 rats that are differentiated into three groups and each group gets energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine, and Aquadest. After they consume energy drink with particular dosage, they will be monitored in term of their weight and physical activity.

From the research, it can be found there is significance increase in weight of rats that consume energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine and Aquadest (p< 0.05). And there is a significance increase to their physical activity to the rats that consume energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine and Aquadest (p<0.05). It can be concluded, through this research, that energy drink gives no impact to body weight but it affects physical activity."

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang berfungsi meningkatkan energi orang yang meminumnya. Oleh karena itu, minuman ini banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Minuman berenergi umumnya mengandung kafein, suatu zat yang berpotensi menurunkan berat badan dan menaikkan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat mengenai seberapa jauh minuman berenergi dapat mempengaruhi berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung pada 14 Desember 2011-2 Januari 2012. Eksperimen dilakukan kepada lima belas ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang masing-masing mendapatkan minuman berenergi merek 'C', kafein, atau plasebo. Setiap tikus diberi minuman berenergi sesuai dosis dan diamati berat badan serta aktivitasnya. Penelitian menunjukkan berat badan tikus yang mengonsumsi 'C', kafein, dan akuades tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,05). Namun aktivitas fisik berbeda secara bermakna (p>0,05). Efek yang tidak bermakna terhadap berat badan mungkin disebabkan zat-zat yang terkandung dalam minuman berenergi, di mana kafein dan ginseng memiliki efek menurunkan berat badan tapi vitamin B, taurin, dan sebagainya justru meningkatkannya. Namun kafein memiliki efek menghambat adenosin sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisik secara bermakna.

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Energy drink is a kind of drink that functions to enhance the energy of people who drink it. It's commonly consumed by people. Energy drink commonly contains caffeine, a substance with the potential of reducing weight and increasing physical activity. So, in this research, we want to give people some informations about the effect of energy drink in gaining weight and enhancing physical activity. The collection of data started from 14th December, 2011 until 2nd January, 2012. Experiment is applied to fifteen rats from Sprague-Dawley strain which is separated to three groups and each of groups get 'C' energy drink, pure caffeine benzoate, and placebo (water). After that, their weight gain and physical activity were observed. This research shows that the weight between the rats that were given 'C', caffeine, and water don't show any significant correlation (p<0,05) but there is significant correlation in terms of physical activity (p>0,05). The insignificant correlation on weight gain may be caused by the substances inside the energy drink, in which caffeine and ginseng can reduce weight but the opposite can be caused by taurine and vitamin B. But caffeine can also inhibit the adenosine so that physical activity will be increased significantly."

"ABSTRAK Pendahuluan. Kesulitan dalam tatalaksana defek tulang yang luas merupakan salah satu tantangan dewasa ini. Selain tatalaksananya yang kompleks juga dapat memberikan dampak jangka panjang negatif yang berat. Penggunaan BMP-2 dalam tatalaksana fraktur dengan defek tulang yang luas memegang peranan penting. BMP-2 berperan pada proses osteogenesis dan chondrogenesis dan menghambat osteoclastogenesis melalui RANKL signaling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari perbedaan dosis BMP-2 terhadap penyembuhan fraktur dengan defek tulang yang luas. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Animal Gizi di FKUI dan Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi FKUI-RSCM, pada bulan Juli hingga September 2015. Desain penelitian adalah randomized post test control group. Sejumlah 25 ekor tikus putih Sprague Dawley dengan usia 3-4 bulan dan berat badan antara 250 ? 350 gram, dibagi secara acak menjadi kelompok kontrol hidroksiapatit (HA) saja dan kelompok kombinasi HA + BMP-2 1 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 5 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 10 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 20 µg/ml. Tiap kelompok dilakukan tindakan berupa frakturisasi dengan defek tulang 10mm pada femur kanan dan dilakukan fiksasi interna dengan menggunakan intramedullary k-wire ukuran 1,4 mm secara retrograd. Setelah 6 minggu dilakukan penilaian secara histomorfometri, radiologis dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara histomorfometri ditemukan terdapat perbedaan rerata total area kalus yang bermakna diantara kelompok penelitian (p<0,001),terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area penulangan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,009, p=0,016, p=0,009 dan p=0,016), terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area kartilago antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,009, p=0,009, p=0,009 dan p=0,028), terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area fibrosis antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml dengan kelompok kontrol dan 10 μg/ml(masing-masing p=0,047 dan p=0,009).Secara radiologis dengan RUST score didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,005, p=0,006, p=0,005 dan p=0,006). Dengan SEM didapatkan gambaran kalus yang lebih homogen dan padat pada kelompok 10μg/ml dibandingkan dengan 5 μg/ml dan 20 μg/ml. Kesimpulan: Pemberian BMP-2 dapat menstimulasi proses penyembuhan fraktur pada defek tulang luas (critical bone defect) yang bermakna secara statistik, histomorfometri, radiologis maupun secara kualitatif dengan SEM. Terdapat dosis optimal dalam pemberian BMP-2.ABSTRACT Introduction: Difficulties in the management of extensive bone defects is one of today's challenges. It is not only complex treatment but also can provide long-term negative severe effects. The use of BMP-2 in the treatment of fractures with extensive bone defect plays an important role. BMP-2 plays a role in the process of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL signaling. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in doses of BMP-2 on the healing of the fracture with extensive bone defects. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition at the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) in July until September 2015. The study design was randomized posttest control group. A number of 25 Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and bodyweight between 250-350 grams, were randomly divided into a control group of hydroxyapatite (HA) alone and HA+BMP-2 1 µg / ml, HA+BMP -2 5 ug / ml, HA + BMP-2 10 µg / ml, HA + BMP-2 20 ug / ml. Each group carried out fracturization with 10mm bone defect in right femur and internal fixation by using intramedullary K-wire size of 1.4 mm retrograde. After 6 weeks we did histomorfometri assessment, radiological and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: Based on the research results histomorfometrcally found there are differences in the mean total area of ​​callus significantly between the study group (p <0.001), there were significant differences in the mean area of ​​woven bone between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.016, p = 0.009 and p = 0.016), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​the cartilage between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.009, p = 0.009 and p = 0.028), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​fibrosis between the control group with group 1 ug / ml in the control group and 10 mg / ml (respectively -masing p = 0.047 and p = 0.009) .In radiologist assessment with RUST scores obtained significant differences between the control group and group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 µg / ml (respectively p = 0.005 , p = 0.006, p = 0.005 and p = 0.006). SEM features with callus more homogeneous and dense in the group of 10μg / mL compared with 5 ug / ml and 20 µg / ml. Conclusion: Administration of BMP-2 could stimulate the process of fracture healing in large bone defects (critical bone defect) which was statistically significant with histomorfometri assestment, radiological and qualitatively with the SEM. There is an optimal dose in the administration of BMP-2.;Introduction: Difficulties in the management of extensive bone defects is one of today's challenges. It is not only complex treatment but also can provide long-term negative severe effects. The use of BMP-2 in the treatment of fractures with extensive bone defect plays an important role. BMP-2 plays a role in the process of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL signaling. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in doses of BMP-2 on the healing of the fracture with extensive bone defects. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition at the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) in July until September 2015. The study design was randomized posttest control group. A number of 25 Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and bodyweight between 250-350 grams, were randomly divided into a control group of hydroxyapatite (HA) alone and HA+BMP-2 1 µg / ml, HA+BMP -2 5 ug / ml, HA + BMP-2 10 µg / ml, HA + BMP-2 20 ug / ml. Each group carried out fracturization with 10mm bone defect in right femur and internal fixation by using intramedullary K-wire size of 1.4 mm retrograde. After 6 weeks we did histomorfometri assessment, radiological and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: Based on the research results histomorfometrcally found there are differences in the mean total area of ​​callus significantly between the study group (p <0.001), there were significant differences in the mean area of ​​woven bone between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.016, p = 0.009 and p = 0.016), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​the cartilage between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.009, p = 0.009 and p = 0.028), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​fibrosis between the control group with group 1 ug / ml in the control group and 10 mg / ml (respectively -masing p = 0.047 and p = 0.009) .In radiologist assessment with RUST scores obtained significant differences between the control group and group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 µg / ml (respectively p = 0.005 , p = 0.006, p = 0.005 and p = 0.006). SEM features with callus more homogeneous and dense in the group of 10μg / mL compared with 5 ug / ml and 20 µg / ml. Conclusion: Administration of BMP-2 could stimulate the process of fracture healing in large bone defects (critical bone defect) which was statistically significant with histomorfometri assestment, radiological and qualitatively with the SEM. There is an optimal dose in the administration of BMP-2."

"Penyembuhan fraktur masih merupakan masalah besar. Banyak hal dilakukanuntuk mempercepat penyembuhan fraktur dan menghindari komplikasipenyembuhan fraktur. Pemberian vitamin C salah satunya. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui peran vitamin C dalam mempercepat penyembuhan frakturpada fraktur dengan periosteal stripping di femur tikus putih Spague DawleyEvaluasi percepatan penyembuhan fraktur dilakukan secara radiologis denganskor RUST dan histologis dengan histomorphometri. Penelitian ini adalahpenelitian eksperimental. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap 32 ekor tikus dengandosis vitamin C yang berbeda-beda dan dievaluasi pada minggu ke 2 dan mingguke 4. Terdapat percepatan penyembuhan fraktur pada kelompok dengan dosisbesar pada skor RUST di minggu ke-4. Secara histologis pada histomorphometrididapatkan percepatan penyembuhan fraktur,tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna.

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Fracture Healing still became a problem. There are many things to do to enhance

and avoid the complication of fracture healing. Vitamin C is one of the way to

enhance the fracture healing.. The purpose of this study is to know the role of

vitamin C in enhancement the fracture healing in fracture with periosteal stripping

at white rats femur. The evaluation of enhancement of fracture healing used

radiograpic with RUST score and histologic with histomorphometry. This is an

experimental study. The study used 32 rats which were given vitamin C in

different dosage and was evaluated at the 2nd and 4th week. There is

enhancement of fracture healing in all dosage, especially the large dosage of

vitamin C in RUST score evaluation in the 4th week. In histomorphometry

evaluation there were enhancement of fracture healing but statistically no

significant"

"Kebugaran yang rendah berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas kerja dan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menilai faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kebugaran kardiorespiratori melalui tes bangku 3 menit YMCA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada guru di Yayasan Asih Putera Kota Cimahi pada bulan Maret 2013. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Crosssectional dengan jumlah sampel 80 orang. IMT ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, PLT diukur dengan BIA, aktivitas fisik diketahui melalui pengisian kuesioner Baecke, dan asupan gizi dihitung dengan menggunakan Food record 3 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan norma tes kebugaran bangku 3 menit YMCA sebanyak 66.2 persen guru tergolong tidak bugar. Uji Chi square menyatakan bahwa variabel umur, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, IMT, PLT, asupan gizi berupa energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, Mg, Zn, dan Fe memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kebugaran kardiorespiratori. Analisis Regresi Logistik Ganda menunjukkan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kebugaran adalah aktivitas fisik (p<0.005, OR=48.34). Untuk meningkatkan kebugaran guru, disarankan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, pengendalian berat badan, pemberian suplemen, serta pembinaan terhadap pedagang makanan.

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Phisical fitness has impact on the productivity and the body's resistance to disease. This study aims to assess the dominant factor related to fitness measured by cardiorespiratory endurance using YMCA 3-minute step test method. The subjects study was 80 teachers at Yayasan Asih Putera Cimahi in March 2013. This study using Cross-sectional design. BMI is determined by measuring weight and height, percent body fat measured by BIA, physical activity is known through the Baecke questionnaire, and nutrient intake was calculated by using 3 day Food record. The statistical test used was a Chi Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression for multivariate analysis.

The results showed that 66.2 percent of the teachers classified as unfit group. Chi square test states that the variables age, sex, physical activity, BMI, PLT, a nutritional intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, Mg, Zn, and Fe had a significant association with cardiorespiratory fitness. Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant variable is associated with physical fitness is activity (p<0.005, OR= 48.34). It is suggested that sporting activities to have be done in order to increase the physical activity level, weight control, food supplements, as well as guidance to the food vendors."

"Pada paru yang menua, terjadi perubahan pada komponen penyusun jaringan alveolus dan jaringan interstitial paru. Perubahan morfologi ini berpengaruh terhadap proses pertukaran gas yang terjadi di alveolus serta penurunan fungsi faal paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ketebalan septum dan rongga udara alveolus pada paru yang mengalami penuaan dengan menggunakan model hewan coba tikus Sprague-Dawley. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectionalanalitic observational. Pengukuran ketebalan septum dan rongga udara alveolus dilakukan pada jaringan paru tikus Sprague-dawley yang dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok yaitu: kelompok usia 2 hari, 16 hari, 3-4 bulan, dan lebih dari 12 bulan. Hasil pengukuran rata-rata ketebalan septum interalveolar sesuai dengan urutan kelompok usia adalah 0,436 ± 0,059 μm , 0,399 ± 0,022 μm, 0,474 ± 0,043 μm, 0,512 ± 0,020 μm. Sedangkan rata-rata diameter rongga udara alveolus secara berurutan adalah 0,467 ± 0,038 μm, 0,410 ± 0,052 μm, 0,370 ± 0,046 μm, 0,378 ± 0,028 μm. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan hasil bahwa ketebalan septum alveolus mempunyai berkorelasi sedang dengan rongga udara alveolus (r = -0,528). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada penuaan tikus Sprague-Dawley, ketebalan septum interalveolar akan bertambah dan rongga udara alveolus akan berkurang.

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Aging process on the lung gives a result in morphological changes of alveolus and its interstitial components. These changes alter the respiratory function of the lung as marked as increasing lung residual volume and decreasing lung vital capacity. The aim of this research is to study the morphological changes of alveolus including septum thickness and alveolar air space changes in aging lung. We used cross sectional-analitic observational study to conduct this research. The microscopic observation has been done on Sprague-Dawley rats’ lung preparation from different age group of rats (2 days, 16 days, 3-4 months, and more than 12 months). The means of interalveolar septum measurement are 0.436 ± 0.059 μm, 0.399 ± 0.022 μm, 0.474 ± 0.043 μm, and 0.512 ± 0.020 μm respectively. The means of alveolar air space measurement are 0.467 ± 0.038 μm, 0.410 ± 0.052 μm, 0.370 ± 0.046 μm, and 0.378 ± 0.028 μm respectively. The Pearson correlation study show that there is a moderate correlation between septum thickness and alveolar air space (r = -0.528). As the age of the rats increased, the alveolar septum thickness increased and alveolar air space reduced."