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"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Pengaruh dari pencemaran udara khususnya akibat kendaraan bermotor belum sepenuhnya dapat dibuktikan dan bersifat kumulatif. Tujuan penelitian umuk mengetahui kadar NO; dan SO; di lingkungan kerja SPBU dan mengetahui hubungan antara prevalens gangguan iimgsi pam dan gejala respirasi dengan faktor usia, indeks massa tubuh, masa kerja dan faktor kebiasaan merokok dan olahraga pada operator pompa bensin. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa SPBU. Desain penelitian potong lintang. Populasi adalah operator pompa bensin, dengan besar sampel 196 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, kuesioner, analisa lingkungan dan pemeriksaan spiromeni. Hasil penelitian: Kadar NO; dan SO; di semua SPBU masih di bawah nilai ambang batas. Prevalens gangguan fimgsi pam restriksi 23,4% dan gejala respirasi 20,4%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gangguan fungsi pam restriksi dengan usia Z 41 tahun (OR = 3,42). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gejala respirasi dengan perokok tingan (OR : 4,32) dan status gizi obes (0P¢5,87) serta status gizi lebih (OR: 3,78). Kesimpulan dan saran: Gangguan fungsi paru restriksi berhubungan dengan usia dan keluhan respirasi berhubungan dengan kebiasaan merokok dan status gizi obes dan lebih. Saran yang diajukan agar pemeriksaan bcrkala spirometri dan foto toraks perlu dilakukan untuk mendeteksi gangguan fimgsi pam lebih dini sehingga terhindar dari penyakit paru yang lebih berat.

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Background and objectives : The influence of pollution, especially due to vehicle has not been fully proven and cumulative. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of NO2 and S02 at gas stations and knows the relationship between the prevalence of lung function disorders and respiratory symptoms by factor of age, body mass index, periods of working smoking habits and exercise.

Methods : This research was conducted at the gas stations using cross sectional design. Population are gasoline operator, 196 respondents. Data was collected by interviews, questionnaires, environmental analysis, spirometry.

Results : Levels of NO2 and S02 at all gas stations were below the threshold limit value. Prevalence of restriction lung disorder were 23 ,4% and prevalence of respiratory symptoms were 20,4%. There was association between restriction with age >41 years (OR = 3.42) and there were association between respiratory symptoms with light smokers (OR: 4.32), obese (OR;5,87) and also overweight (OR: 3,78).

Conclusions : Lung iimction disorder was associated with the age and respiratory symptoms were associated with smoking and body mass index (obese and overweight). Suggestions were proposed for periodic inspection spirometry and chest X-ray needs to be done to detect early lung disorder to avoid the worse lung disorder."

"Gangguan fungsi paru dipengaruhi oleh akumulasi pajanan polusi udara ke tubuh manusia. Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar (SPBU) sebagai tempat yang padat kendaraan bermotor dengan bahan bakar yang berisiko tinggi untuk menyebabkan pajanan sulfur dioksida (SO2) terhadap petugas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pajanan SO2 udara ambien dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi paru pada petugas SPBU di Kota Bandar Lampung Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner untuk wawancara, Spektrofotometer Uv-vis untuk mengukur sulfur dioksida dan spirometri untuk mengukur fungsi paru. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh petugas yang bekerja di 37 SPBU. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 125 responden dan jumlah pengukuran SO2 adalah 30 sampel. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji Regresi Logistik Ganda dengan data kontinyu, diketahui bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi SO2 udara ambien dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada petugas SPBU di Kota Bandar Lampung, dengan nilai p=0.058. Sedangkan hasil dengan data kategorik, diketahui bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi SO2 udara ambien dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada petugas SPBU di Kota Bandar Lampung, dengan nilai p=0.136 dengan dikontrol oleh lama kerja, status gizi dan masa kerja. Perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan mengenai gangguan fungsi paru dengan zat pencemar lainnya.

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Impaired lung function is affected by the accumulation of air pollution exposure to the human body. Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) as places which are densely with motorized vehicles with fuel have high risk caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure to attendants. The aim of this study is that to determine the relationship between ambient air SO2 exposure concentrations and the incidence of impaired lung function in Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) attendants at Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province. This study used a cross sectional design. Moreover, the instruments in this study used a questionnaire for interviews, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure sulfur dioxide and spirometry to measure lung function. The populations of this study were all attendants working at 37 gas stations. In addition, the numbers of samples in this study were 125 respondents and the number of SO2 measurements was 30 samples. The result of the study based on the Multiple Logistic Regression test with continuous data shows a significant relationship between ambient air SO2 concentration and impaired lung function in Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) in Bandar Lampung City, with a value of p = 0.058. Meanwhile, the results with categorical data shows that there is no significant relationship between ambient air SO2 concentration and impaired lung function in Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) attendants in Bandar Lampung City with a value of p = 0.136 which is controlled by length of service, nutritional status and years of service. In addition, further research is needed regards to impaired lung function with other pollutant substances."

"Pendahuluan : Pekerja laboratorium teknik gigi memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan sistem respirasi yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi paru akibat pajanan metil metakrilat (MMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar MMA di lingkungan laboratorium teknik gigi di DKI Jakarta dan Kotamadya Tangerang, risiko pajanannya terhadap keluhan respirasi dan gangguan fungsi paru, serta hubungannya dengan faktor individu dan pekerjaan.Metode : Desain penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 69 pekerja laboratorium teknik gigi dari 4 laboratorium. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan, pengukuran kadar MMA lingkungan dan pemeriksaan spirometri.Hasil : Kadar MMA pada 4 laboratorium teknik gigi adalah 0,26 ? 5,72 ppm, jauh di bawah Nilai Ambang Batas. Ditemukan hubungan bermakna ketersediaan ventilasi personal dengan kadar MMA (p <0,05). Prevalensi keluhan subyektif respirasi 39,1 %, dengan faktor yang berhubungan adalah kadar MMA >0,5 ppm (OR = 4,90, 95% CI: 1,49 ? 16,14) dan masa kerja >10 tahun (OR = 0,14, 95% CI: 0,03 ? 0,61). Prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru 44,9 %, seluruhnya restriktif. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah kebiasaan merokok (OR = 3,94, 95% CI: 1,22 ? 12,76) dan kadar MMA >0,5 ppm (OR = 3,29, 95% CI: 1,01 ? 10,80).Kesimpulan : Kadar MMA >0,5 ppm memberikan risiko 4,9 kali lebih besar timbulnya keluhan subyektif respirasi pada pekerja. Kadar tersebut juga memberikan risiko 3,29 kali lebih besar timbulnya gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja. Pekerja yang sudah bekerja >10 tahun menurunkan kemungkinan timbulnya keluhan subyektif respirasi sebesar 86 %. Efek ini diperkirakan akibat timbulnya toleransi pekerja terhadap keluhan subyektif seiring dengan waktu. Pekerja yang merokok memiliki risiko 3,94 kali lebih besar mengalami gangguan fungsi paru.

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Background : Dental laboratory workers are at risk of respiratory symptom and pulmonary function disorder,due to exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA). The objective of this study is to know the level of MMA at dental laboratories at DKI Jakarta and Kotamadya Tangerang, the risk of its exposure toward respiratory symptom and pulmonary function disorder among dental laboratory worker, and its association with individual and occupational factors.Method : This is a cross sectional study involving 69 dental laboratory workers from 4 laboratories. Data were collected through interview, observation, environmental MMA measurement and lung function examination by spirometer.Result : MMA levels in 4 dental laboratories were 0.26 ? 5.72 ppm, well below Treshold Limit Value. The prevalence of respiratory symptom was 39.1 %, with associated factors are MMA level >0.5 ppm (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.49 ? 16.14) and working period of >10 years (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03 ? 0.61). The prevalence of pulmonary function disorder was 44.9 %, all of them restrictive. Factors associated with pulmonary function disorder were smoking habit (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.22 ? 12.76) and MMA level >0.5 ppm (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.01 ? 10.80).Conclusion : MMA level of >0.5 ppm pose a 4.9 times greater risk of respiratory symptom among workers. That level also poses a risk 3.29 times greater of pulmonary function disorder among workers. Workers with >10 years length of service decreased their possibility of respiratory symptom by 86%. This effect is probably due to tolerance the workers develop towards the subjective symptoms. Smoking workers have a risk 3.94 times greater for pulmonary function disorder."

"Latar Belakang : Industri pemotongan batu memiliki potensi bahaya berupa debu batu yang dihasilkan dari proses pemotongan batu. Debu batu berpotensi besar masuk dan mengendap di saluran napas pekerja yang terpajan debu batu tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui hubungan pajanan debu batu dan faktor lainnya dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan analisis regresi logistik. Subjek penelitian diambil secara cluster sampling. Tingkat pajanan debu batu ditentukan dengan metode semikuantitatif dan faktor-faktor lainnya dengan kuesioner. Pemeriksaan fungsi paru dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat spirometer. Hasil : Subjek penelitian adalah 70 pekerja laki-laki industri pemotongan batu informal dengan masa kerja lebih dari 5 tahun. Sebanyak 21,4% subjek mengalami gangguan fungsi paru, dengan gangguan fungsi paru restriksi sebanyak 14,3% dan gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi sebanyak 7,1%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah tingkat pajanan debu batu. Faktor umur, pendidikan, status gizi, kebiasaan olahraga, kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja, kebiasaan menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) dan penyediaan APD tidak memperlihatkan hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Subjek dengan tingkat pajanan debu batu tinggi mempunyai risiko 5,889 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dibandingkan subjek dengan tingkat pajanan debu batu rendah [ odds rasio suaian (ORa) = 5,889; interval kepercayaan (CI) 95% = 1,436-24,153)]. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan debu batu dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap pajanan debu batu untuk mencegah risiko gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja industri pemotongan batu.

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Background : Stone cutting industry have a potential hazard in stone dust resulted from stone cutting process. Stone dust has a significant potential to enter and settle inside exposed worker’s respiratory tract. This study aims to identify the relationship between stone dust exposure and other factors with lung function disorder.

Method : This study was a cross-sectional study with logistic regression analysis. Study’s subjects were taken with cluster sampling method. Level of stone dust exposure was determined by semi-quantitative method and the other factors were identified by a questionnaire. Lung function was tested with a spirometer.

Results : Study’s subject was 70 male informal stone cutting industry workers with more than 5 years of service. In this study, it was found that lung function disorders was 21.4%, which restrictive lung function disorder was 14.3% and the obstructive lung function disorder was 7.1%. Risk factor significantly related to lung function disorder was stone dust level of exposure. Age, education, nutritional status, exercise habit, smoking habit, length of employment, habit of using personal protective equipment (PPE) and provision of PPE showed no significant relationship with lung function disorder. Subjects with high level of stone dust exposure had 5.889 times the risk of lung function disorder compared to subjects with low level of stone dust exposure [adjusted odds ratio(ORa) = 5.889; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.436 - 24.153)].

Conclusion : The level of stone dust exposure significantly related to lung function disorder. Control measures are needed for stone dust exposure to prevent the risk of lung function disorder in stone cutting industry workers."

"Salah satu penyebab terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru yaitu pajanan debu batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan pajanan debu batubara dan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja. Metode yang digunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan sampel 72 pekerja. Gangguan fungsi paru diperoleh dari data kesehatan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan fungsi paru restriksi 8,3%, obstruksi 2,8%, dan kombinasi 2,8%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan gangguan fungsi paru berhubungan dengan masa kerja (p = 0,46). Namun pajanan debu batubara, umur, dan penggunaan alat pelindung pernapasan, ada kecenderungan untuk menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru.

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One of the causes of lung function disorder in health problems is coal dust exposure. This study aims to describe the relationship of coal dust exposure and lung function disorder in workers. The method used cross-sectional design with a sample of 72 workers. Lung function disorder data is obtained from the company health data. The results of this research showed that the restriction of pulmonary function disorder 8.3%, obstruction 2,8%, and a combination of restriction and obstruction 2.8%. Bivariate analysis showed lung function disorder associated with year of work experience (p=0,46). However, coal dust exposure, age, and the using of respiratory protective equipment showed there is a tendency to get risk for lung fungtion disorders."

"Latar belakang. Pencemaran udara telah menjadi masalah global tahunan sejak beberapa tahun belakangan. Pencemaran udara dapat mengakibatkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi kesehatan. Salah satu komponen zat pencemar udara yang umum ditemukan di kota-kota besar di dunia yaitu PM2,5, polutan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi paru. Sumber terbesar dari pencemaran PM2,5 di udara ambien perkotaan berasal dari asap kendaraan bermotor.Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengatahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur. Metode. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dengan desain studi cross-sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi pajanan PM2,5 dan gangguan fungsi paru pada sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakata Timur. 125 sopir angkutan kota terlibat sebagai subjek pada penelitian ini.Hasil. Dari 125 sopir yang terlibat, ada 72 sopir angkutan kota yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dengan persentase sebesar 57,6%. Konsentrasi rata-rata PM2.5 yaitu 90,99 μg/m3. Nilai P konstan dari uji regresi logistik antara gangguan fungsi paru dengan konsentrasi PM2.5, umur, lama kerja dan riwayat penyakit paru, yaitu 0,039. Kesimpulan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi paru yang dialami oleh sopir angkutan kota Terminal Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur dengan Konsentrasi PM2.5, setelah setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, lama kerja, serta riwayat penyakit paru.

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Background. Air pollutions has been becoming annual global issue for the past fiew years. Air Pollutions can cause various adverse effects on health. One component of air pollutants which commonly found in major cities in the world is PM2.5, a pollutant that can cause lung function impairments. The biggest source of PM2.5 pollutions in urban air comes from motor vehicle combustion.

Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between exposure of PM2.5 and impaired lung function on Public Transportation Drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta. Methods. This study was conducted by the observation method with a cross-sectional study design to determine the relationship between PM2.5 exposure concentration and lung function impairment in the public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta. 125 drivers were involved as subjects in this study.

Results. There were 72 public transportation drivers, of the 125 drivers involved, who experienced lung function impairments (57.6%). The mean PM2.5 concentration was 90.99 μg / m3. The constant P value from the logistic regression test between lung function impairments and PM2.5 concentrations, controlled by age, length of work and a history of lung disease is 0.039. Conclution. The conclusion from this study is lung function impairments experienced by public transportation drivers of Kampung Melayu Terminal, East Jakarta were associated with PM2.5 concentration, after being controlled by variables of age, length of work, and a history of lung disease."

"Latar Belakang: Banyaknya industri jamu menimbulkan masalah baik bagi lingkungan berupa pencemaran maupun bagi kesehatan para pekerja. Dari proses produksi jamu, banyak dihasilkan debu. Hal ini tentunya dapat menimbulkan gangguan bagi kesehatan pekerja di pabrik tersebut. Kualitas udara sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan pekerja, terutama yang berhubungan dengan fungsi pernapasannya dikarenakan sistem pernapasan terus-menerus terpajan oleh partikel-partikel yang ada di udara. Obyektif: Mengetahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru akibat pajanan debu jamu serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pekerja di pabrik jamu PT.X, Semarang. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan mengukur fungsi paru pekerja pabrik jamu PT.X Semarang pada bulan November dan Desember 2014 dengan menggunakan spirometri dan mengukur kadar debu lingkungan kerja. Sampel yang dikumpulka sebanyak 100 responden untuk pengukuran fungsi paru dan 4 lokasi untuk pengukuran kadar debu lingkungan kerja. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Ditemukan gangguan obstruksi paru ringan sebanyak 1%. Tidak ditemukan gangguan restriksi paru ataupun gangguan fungsi paru kombinasi. Faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap rasio VEP1/KVP adalah Umur (p < 0,01; selisih rerata 6,48% (-8,91 sampai -4,06)), Jenis kelamin (p = 0,016; selisih rerata -3,72 (-6,73 sampai -0,71)), Pendidikan (p = 0,01; selisih rerata 5,02 (2,21 sampai 7,83)), dan Masa Kerja (p = 0,01; selisih rerata -4,77 (-8,4 sampai -1,13)).

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Background: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine industries cause many problems to environment and workers? health. Traditional herbal medicine production process produces many organic dusts. The organic dusts could lead to health disorder among factory workers. Air quality very influential to workers health, especially those that associated to respiratory function since it?s been exposed to air particles.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of lung function disorder and its related factors due to dust exposure in one of Indonesian traditional herbal medicine factory.

Method: This was a cross sectional study performed by examining 100 workers? lung function using spirometry and examining environment dust level from one of Indonesia traditional herbal medicine factory in November to December 2014.

Result: There was 1% prevalence of mild obstructive lung disease but there were no restrictive or combined lung diseases. Bivariate analysis showed that Age {p < 0,01; mean difference 6,48% (-8,91 to -4,06)}, Sex {p = 0,016; mean difference -3,72 (-6,73 to -0,71)}, Education {p = 0,01; mean difference 5,02 (2,21 to 7,83)}, and Years of service {p = 0,01; mean difference -4,77 (-8,4 to -1,13)} were the risk factors to ratio of VEP1/KVP. "

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalens gangguan pernapasan dan fungsi paru meningkat pada pekerja pengumpul sampah. Belum terdapat data mengenai gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung, khususnya di daerah Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Dilakukan pada pemulung yang bekerja dan tinggal di kelurahan Ciketing Udik, TPA Bantar Gebang, Bekasi pada bulan Januari - Maret 2014 dengan pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan spirometri, foto toraks dan CO udara ekshalasi.Hasil: Jumlah sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi 108 subjek. Gangguan respirasi sebanyak 92 subjek (85,2%). Gangguan respirasi yang dikeluhkan meliputi batuk kronik 73 subjek, sesak napas 65 subjek, berdahak 57 dan mengi 19 subjek. Gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 18 (16,7%) subjek berupa obstruksi ringan 3 (2,8%) subjek, restriksi ringan 11 (10,2%) subjek dan campuran 4 (2,8%) subjek. Kelainan foto toraks ditemukan 16 subjek (14,8%). Kadar CO udara ekspirasi berada pada 5-10 ppm sebanyak 46 (42.6%) subjek.Kesimpulan: Terdapat gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung di Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.;Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi., Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.]"

"Pencemaran udara dewasa ini telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap meningkatnya levels of exposure terhadap kejadian penyakit di daerah perkotaan. Pemantauan udara ambien oleh Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta menunjukkan kenaikan konsentrasi SO2, NO2, TSP dan Pb dalam 5 tahun terakhir di kawasan perkantoran Kuningan walaupun masih berada di bawah baku mutu nasional kecuali parameter TSP 314 μg/m3 telah melebihi baku mutu daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi besar risiko pajanan SO2, NO2, TSP dan Pb menggunakan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan menggunakan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Populasi berisiko berjumlah 49 orang dengan tiga segmen populasi yaitu satpam, tukang ojek dan pedagang diambil dengan kriteria minimal 1 tahun yang telah beraktivitas di sekitar lokasi Stasiun Pemantau Kualitas Udara dengan jangkauan 500 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Risk Quotient (RQ) pada semua segmen populasi memiliki RQ <1 untuk pajanan realtime dan RQ >1 untuk pajanan sepanjang hayat pada populasi satpam. Berbeda dengan SO2 pajanan sepanjang hayat menunjukkan RQ >1 pada semua segmen populasi memiliki rata-rata umr saat ini 37 tahun. Untuk pengelolaan risiko pada RQ >1 populasi satpam yang mewakili pajanan 18 jam/hari memiliki waktu pajanan aman 14 jam/hari dengan durasi aman 14 tahun. Sedangkan waktu pajanan aman untuk populasi ojek dan pedagang adalah 15 jam/hari dengan frekuensi aman 299 hari/tahun. Konsentrasi SO2 dan NO2 pada lokasi studi memiliki probabilitas lebih besar untuk berisiko terhadap kesehatan dari nilai RQ >1 dibanding konsentrasi TSP dan Pb dalam media lingkungan pada semua segmen populasi.

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Current polluted air has impacted to the increased levels of exposure disease incident in urban areas. Ambient air monitoring by Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta has showed an increasing concentrations of SO2, NO2, TSP and Pb for the last 5 years in Kuningan, although its concentrations was below the national quality standards but some found that TSP was exceeded above 230 μg/m3. The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk quotient of SO2, NO2, TSP and Pb using Health Risk Assessment study. High-risk population based on one year minimum exposure with 500 meters range from Air Quality Monitoring Station was found by total 49 people. Result showed that securites are at risk for noncancer effects of health with Risk Quotient (RQ) >1 for lifetime exposure. Other found that SO2 known at risk with RQ>1 to all of the population and only relevant during 14 years of exposure while the concentration of TSP and Pb showed there are no risk of health effects over the next 30 years. To manage health risk of RQ>1 the securities are should reducing time of exposure from 18 hours/day to 14 hours/day while motorcycle taxy and hawker should calculated 15 hours/day of time with total frequency 299 days/year. This study estimated the concentration of SO2 with 106 μg/m3 and NO2 with 430 μg/m3 should increasing an adversely noncarcinogenic of human health effect such as respiratory system diordes towards security, motorcycle taxi and hawker in Kuningan."

"Tingginya jumlah perokok aktif di kalangan pelajar. Merokok adalah penyebabnya dari beberapa kondisi keluhan pernafasan dan faktor risiko untuk beberapa kasus: fungsi paru-paru. Inkonsistensi antara dampak negatif merokok dan prevalensi tingkat merokok yang tinggi membuat penelitian tentang hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan Keluhan gejala pernafasan dan fungsi paru perlu dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan fungsi dan gejala paru-paru pernapasan pada siswa di Depok.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan instrumen kuesioner penelitian dan alat uji. Kuesioner yang digunakan terdiri dari ATS. daftar pertanyaan (American Thoracic Society) untuk gejala pernapasan dan kuesioner Indeks Brinkman untuk kebiasaan merokok. Alat uji yang digunakan adalah spirometer merek EasyOne® Airspirometer. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 116 siswa laki-laki perokok aktif di Depok. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik Mann-Whitney, T-test independen, dan korelasi bivariat Spearman. Hasil: Hasil analisis statistik dari 116 subjek menunjukkan mayoritas siswa adalah perokok aktif di Depok masih dalam kategori kebiasaan merokok ringan (96,56%) dan memiliki keluhan gejala pernafasan (74,14%). Ada siswa yang perokok aktif mengalami gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 15,5%. Namun, secara statistik tidak ditemukanhubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok pada mahasiswa perokok dengan keluhan gejala pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi paru.

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The high number of active smokers among students. Smoking is the cause of several respiratory conditions and a risk factor in some cases: lung function. The inconsistency between the negative impact of smoking and the prevalence of high smoking rates makes research on the relationship between smoking habits and complaints of respiratory symptoms and lung function necessary.

Objective: To determine the relationship between smoking habits and respiratory lung function and symptoms in students in Depok.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with research questionnaire instruments and test equipment. The questionnaire used consisted of ATS. questionnaire (American Thoracic Society) for respiratory symptoms and a Brinkman Index questionnaire for smoking. The test equipment used is the EasyOne® Air brand spirometer spirometer. This study was followed by 116 male students who were active smokers in Depok. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, independent T-test, and Spearman bivariate correlation. Results: The results of statistical analysis of 116 subjects showed that the majority of students were active smokers in Depok who were still in the category of light smoking habits (96.56%) and had complaints of respiratory symptoms (74.14%). There are students who are active smokers have lung function disorders as much as 15.5%. However, statistically not found There is a significant relationship between smoking habits in student smokers with complaints of respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.

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