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"The endodontic diseases caused by the endodontic flora, exposed to the root canal system. The number of microorganisms detected in an endodontic infection increased to a range of 3 to 12 organismsper infected root canal associated with an apical lesion, the number of colony forming units (CFUs) is usually between 10 2 and 10 8. Therefore the endodontic infections are polymicrobial. Rotation ofmedication is an endodontic prosedur to prevent bacteria from acquiring resistance to the prolonged use of the same disinfectant. The principles of modern endodontic concept of cleaning root canals are: remove microorganisms and pulp debris from the root canal system. Sodium hypochlorite solution, 1.31- 2.62%, is used for root canal irrigant. If the root canal treatment could not be finished in one visit, calcium hydroxide paste is the recommended for root canal medicament. Because it has been shown as a safely disinfect of the root canal system. The relatively pH value of Calcium hydroxid 13.1, was kept constant for a period of 30 days, induce the apical healing. Eugenol, ChKM, and Ledermix paste can destroy the anaerob bacteria from the infected root canal and irritate the periapical tissue, but Ledermix paste has the toxic selective action to the periapical tissue. Conclusion: The accumulation effect of the root canal dressing using on rotation medicament method, causes toxic effect, so the method is not recommended."

"Tingginya produktivitas kerja dapat dilihat dengan meningkatnya pula motivasi kerja perawat, dimana salah satu hal yang dapat mempengaruhi motivasi kerja perawat adalah kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pihak manajemen seperti penerapan rotasi kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara rotasi kerja dengan motivasi kerja perawat di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif korelatif. Sampel untuk penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik sampling berimbang (proporsional) dan convenience, dengan besar sampel 110 orang. Responden dalam penelitian ini mengisi kuesioner terkait rotasi kerja dan motivasi kerja. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara rotasi kerja dengan motivasi kerja perawat di rumah sakit (p value= 0,036; α= 0.05; OR= 2.435). Hasil tersebut mengharuskan manajemen keperawatan untuk mempelajari dan memahami bagaimana cara-cara melaksanakan rotasi kerja dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan teori yang ada agar dapat mencapai tujuan yang sudah ditetapkan.

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High labor productivity can be indicated by the increase of the nurses’ work motivation, where one of the things that can affect the nurses’ work motivation is the policy made by the management such as the application of job rotation. This study aimed to examine the correlation between job rotation and the nurses’ work motivation in a hospital. The study used descriptive correlative design. The sample of this study was 110 people who were chosen using balanced sampling technique (proportional) and convenience. Respondents in this study filled out the questionnaires related to the job rotation and the work motivation. The study found that there was a significant correlation between job rotation and the nurses’ work motivation in a hospital (p value = 0.036; α = 0.05 level; OR = 2.435). This result required a nursing management to learn and understand how to implement a good and suitable job rotation in accordance with the existing theory in order to achieve the defined goals."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Instrumen rotasi kontinyumemiliki banyak kekurangansehingga dikembangkan instrumen resiprokal Tujuan penelitian iniadalahmembandingkan kehalusan dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan resiprokal Metode Tiga puluh duapremolar pertama mandibula dibagi menjadi Kelompok 1 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan Kelompok 2 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen resiprokal Kemudian kehalusan diukur dengan surfaceroughness tester Analisis data menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan Hasil Tidak terdapat perbedaaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok p 0 739 Kesimpulan Dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akar yang dipreparasi denganinstrumen kontinyudanresiprokalmempunyai tingkat kehalusan yang sama

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ABSTRACTTherefore reciprocal instruments have been developed The aim was to comparethe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third between continuous rotation andreciprocal instruments Methods Thirty two mandibular first premolars weredivided into Group 1 continuous rotation instruments preparation Group 2 reciprocal instruments preparation The smoothness was measured using surfaceroughness tester The data was analyzed using independent T test Result Thedifference between groups were not statistically significant p 0 739 Conclusion Continuous rotation and reciprocal instruments have no difference inthe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third "

"Heart rot on acacia mangium willd. forest stand is critical espicially for mechanical or construction wood based purposes. Failure on understanding the nature and the way it get estabilished into the tree stem may cause high economic consequences...."

"ABSTRAKIndustri otomotif pada saat ini masih banyak menggunakan proses manual untuk beberapa proses yang membutuhkan tingkat kustomisasi tinggi dan memiliki jumlah tugas yang kompleks dalam jumlah besar. Pada kasus ini, pekerja yang bekerja pada pekerjaan manual secara repetitif, sepeti di lini perakitan, sangat rentan terpapar resiko work-related musculoskeletal disorders WSMDs . Job rotation pada umumnya diadopsi untuk mengurangi dampak resiko ergonomic dan mencapai tingkat produksi yang lebih baik. Namun, pada rencana penjadwalan pekerja, terdapat beberapa faktor manusia yang kritikal yang belum dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan. Pada tesis ini, penulis mengajukan model mixed integer nonlinear programming yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jadwal ergonomic job rotation yang optimal. Resiko ergonomi dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metode OCRA ISO 11228-3:2007 . Selain itu, jadwal istirahat yang muncul antar setiap rotasi dihitung dengan menggabungkan faktor fatigue dan recovery. Jadwal istrihat yang optimal dibutuhkan untuk mengurangi akumulasi kelelahan pada akhir proses produksi. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan keefektifan modal dimana model berhasil membuktikan sebagai salah satu model yang dapat mengurangi dan menyeimbangkan beban kerja fisik diantara para pekerja, seiring dengan tercapainya level produksi yang diharapkan.

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ABSTRACT A lot of automotive industries still using manual process for some process that providing the highest degree of customization and including largest number of complex tasks. In this case, workers that work on repetitive manual tasks, such as assembly lines, are exposed to the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs . Job rotation is usually adopted in order to reduce the ergonomic risk and achieve better production rate. However, in the design of workforce scheduling, there are still some criticcal human factors that haven rsquo t included yet. In this paper, authors propose mixed integer non linear programming models aiming at finding an optimal ergonomic job rotation schedule. The ergonomic risk and its acceptability is evaluated using OCRA method ISO 11228 3 2007 . Moreover, break schedules that appear between each job rotation are calculated by incorporating fatigue and recovery factors. Optimal break schedules is needed to reduce the accumulated fatigue at the end of the process. Results obtained revealed the effectiveness of the models as they proved to be adequate tools to jointly address the reduction and balancing physical workload among workers, which are consistent with required production levels. "

"Kami mempelajari solusi orbit terikat cahaya pada lubang hitam bermuatan dalam beberapa ruang waktu reguler dengan dipengaruhi oleh elektrodinamika nonlinier. Ruang waktu yang dipelajari pada penelitian ini adalah ruang-waktu Bardeen dengan sumber Lagrangian dari Ayon-Beato dan Garcia dan juga ruang-waktu Hayward yang dimodifikasi oleh Kruglov dengan menggunakan Lagrangian dari Bronnikov. Solusi orbit pada kedua kasus tersebut dipelajari dalam geometri efektif dari cahaya akibat elektrodinamika nonlinier. Validitas orbit foton dipelajari dengan memeriksa keberadaan singularitas fisis pada geometri efektif dengan menggunakan kelengkungan skalar, selain itu perilaku ruang-waktu di dalam lubang hitam pada kedua model juga dipelajari dengan menggunakan koordinat Eddington-Finkelstein. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan, geometri efektif foton dapat memodifikasi bagaimana foton bergerak di sekitar lubang hitam dan memunculkan singularitas fisis yang hanya memengaruhi oleh foton.

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We study the solutions of photon bound orbits around charged black holes in several regular spacetime models with nonlinear electrodynamics. The space-time models we studied are Bardeen with magnetic monopole source from Ayon-Beato and Garcia and the modified Hayward from Kruglov using the Lagrangian from Bronnikov. The orbital solutions are studied in photon's effective geometry due to nonlinear electrodynamics, the validity of the orbits are examined by checking the existence of singularities within the effective geometry using scalar curvature, we also studied the behavior of space-time inside the black hole using Eddington-Finkelstein coordinate. From what we have studied, the effective geometry of photon could affect how photon moves around the black hole and it will also generate physical singularity that will only affect photon. "

"Menguji validitas relativitas umum dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasinya untuk mencari penyimpangan. Beberapa teori gravitasi termodifikasi menghasilkan potensial gravitasi dengan suku eksponensial yang menyerupai potensial Yukawa untuk aproksimasi medan lemah. Walaupun pengujian eksperimental dari koreksi Yukawa masih terbatas pada skala sistem tata surya, beberapa penelitian terbaru telah menggunakan data dari kurva rotasi galaksi untuk membatasi parameter Yukawa ini secara observasional, namun dengan asumsi bahwa barion terkopel secara lemah dengan gravitasi untuk memenuhi batasan gravitasi lokal. Studi kami mengabaikan asumsi ini dan menganalisis suku koreksi Yukawa baik dalam halo materi gelap maupun komponen bariyonik. Kami menyelidiki empat model: Newton, Almeida, MG, dan MG Duo, berdasarkan keberadaan suku koreksi Yukawa dalam komponennya dan kopling antar jenis partikel. Kami menguji keempat model ini pada tiga set data yang berbeda dari galaksi Bima Sakti, termasuk data Sofue (2015, 2017, dan 2020) dan data kurva rotasi dari Gaia DR3 oleh Wang (2023) dan Zhou (2023). Kami menemukan dukungan statistik yang kuat melalui faktor Bayes untuk model MG Duo yang menunjukkan kopling terpisah antara baryon-baryon dan baryon-DM. Namun, data observasional yang lebih tepat yang mencakup rentang radius galaksi yang lebih luas masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang modifikasi di wilayah dalam galaksi Bima Sakti.

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Testing the validity of general relativity can be done by modifying it to search for potential deviations. Several modified gravity theories introduce a Yukawa-like exponential term in the gravitational potential for weak-field limits. While experimental tests of the Yukawa-correction are limited to Solar system scales, recent studies have used galactic rotation curve data to observationally constrain these Yukawa parameters, although assuming that baryons are weakly coupled to gravity to satisfy local gravity constraints. In our study, we relax this assumption and analyze the Yukawa-correction in both dark matter halo and baryonic components. We investigate four models: Newtonian, Almeida, MG and MG Duo models, based on the presence of the Yukawa-correction term in the components and the coupling between particle species. We tested these models on three Milky Way datasets: Sofue (2015, 2017, 2020) and rotation curves by Wang (2023) and Zhou (2023) derived from Gaia DR3 data. We find strong statistical favor through the Bayes factor for the MG Duo model that presents a separated coupling between baryon-baryon and baryon-DM. However, more precise observational data covering a broader range of galactic radii is still required to enhance our understanding of modifications in the inner regions of the Milky Way."

"ABSTRAKPengaruh Dimensi-Dimensi Personality Dispositions dan Social Orientations terhadap Relocation Mobility Readiness: Studi pada Pegawai Badan Pemeriksa KeuanganPembimbing : Riani Rachmawati, S.E., M.A., Ph.D. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi peran personality dispositions dan social orientations dalam menjelaskan relocation mobility readiness. Studi dilakukan pada pegawai Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan BPK . Sejumlah 374 pegawai nonstruktural BPK disurvei mengenai relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions neuroticism, openness to experience, uncertainty tolerance dan social orientations social norm, individualism orientation, collectivism orientation dalam satu studi cross sectional. Analisis menggunakan regresi hierarki. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di BPK. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh personality dispositions dan social orientations terhadap relocation mobility readiness pada pegawai BPK, institusi pemerintah yang memiliki perwakilan di 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Semakin tinggi tingkat uncertainty tolerance dan social norm maka semakin siap individu untuk direlokasi. Semakin tinggi tingkat vertical collectivism maka semakin kurang siap individu untuk direlokasi. Kata Kunci : relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions, social orientations, job relocation, job mobility, geographic mobility, institusi pemerintah, hierarchical regression.

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ABSTRACT The Impact of Personality Dispositions dan Social Orientations Dimensions Toward Relocation Mobility Readiness Study of Employee in The Audit Board of The Republic IndonesiaCounsellor Riani Rachmawati, S.E., M.A., Ph.D. The purpose of this research is to explore the role of personality dispositions and social orientations in explaining relocation mobility readiness. Case study held in The Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia. A total of 374 nonstruktural employee of the Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia were surveyed on their relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions neuroticism,openness to experience, uncertainty tolerance and social orientations social norms, individualism orientation, collectivism orientation in one cross sectional studies. Hierarchichal regression used for analysis. This research only conducted in the Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia. The study show that personality dispositions and social orientations influence relocation mobility readiness of employee in The Audit Board of the Republik of Indonesia, government institution in Indonesia, that have representatives in 34 province in Indonesia. High level of uncertainty tolerance and social norm made individuals more ready to relocate. High level of vertical collectivism made individu less ready to relocate. Keywords relocation mobility readiness, personality dispositions, social orientations, job relocation, job mobility, geographic mobility, government institution, hierarchical regression "