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"Penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek obat penghambat pompa proton (esomeprazol), penggunaan bronkodilator inhaler dan arus puncak ekspirasi (APE) pada pasien asma persisten sedang dengan penyakit refluks gastroesofagus (PRGE). Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis terbuka dengan kontrol di RS Persahabatan Jakarta dari Juli 2004 sampai Oktober 2005. Diagnosis PRGE ditegakkan jika ditemukan gejala PRGE dan gambaran esofagitis pada endoskopi dan atau pada pemeriksaan histopatologi hasil biopsi esofagus. Pada fase 1 (periode run in) selama 2 minggu, pasien mendapat pengobatan budesonid inhalasi dosis 2x200 ug/hari. Pada fase 2, pasien diacak menjadi 2 kelompok dan mendapat pengobatan budesonid inhalasi dosis 2 x 400 ug/hari dengan esomeprazol 40 mg/hari atau tanpa esomeprazol (kelompok kontrol) selama 8 minggu. Fase 3 (periode wash out) pasien mendapat pengobatan budesonid inhalasi dosis 2 x 200 ug/hari. Catatan harian dilakukan pada periode run in, setelah pengobatan 4 minggu, 8 minggu dan periode wash out. Sebanyak 32 pasien (23 perempuan dan 9 laki-laki) menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Rata-rata skor gejala asma total harian berkurang secara bermakna pada kelompok esomeprazol dibanding tanpa esomeprazol setelah pengobatan 8 minggu (-2,29 vs -0,90; p < 0,05). Rata-rata penggunaan bronkodilator inhaler berkurang secara bermakna pada kelompok esomeprazol dibanding tanpa esomeprazol setelah pengobatan 8 minggu (- 1,09 vs - 0,42; p < 0,05). Nilai APE pagi dan sore meningkat lebih besar pada kelompok esomeprazol dibanding tanpa esomeprazol tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian esomeprazol 40 mg perhari memperbaiki gejala asma dan penggunaan bronkodilator inhalasi pada asma persisten sedang dengan PRGE.

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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate effect of proton pump inhibitor (esomeprazole) on asthma symptoms, use of inhaled bronchodilator and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in moderate persistent asthma with gastroesofageal refluks disease (GERD). This randomized single blind, controlled clinical trial study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta from July 2004 until October 2005. Samples were moderate persistent asthma patients with GERD. GERD is diagnosed GERD symptoms and proof of oesophagitis from endoscopy and or histapatologic examination from oesophagus biopsy. Phase 1:2 week run-in period patient received inhaled budesonide 2x200 ug/day. Phase 2: patient randomised to receive inhaled budesonide 2 x 400 ug/day with esomeprazole 40 mg/day or without esomeprazole (control group) for 8 weeks. Phase 3: 4 week wash out period, patient receive inhaled budesonide 2 x 200 ug/day. Diary cards were assessed at run-in periode, after treatment 4 weeks, 8 weeks and wash out. There were 32 patients (23 female and 9 male) completed the study. Mean total asthma symptoms score daily were significantly decreased on esomeprazole vs without esomeprazole after 8 weeks (-2.29 vs -0.90; p < 0.05). Mean use of inhaled bronchodilator was significantly decreased on esomeprazole vs without esomeprazole after 8 weeks (-1.09 vs -0.42; p < 0.05). Morning and evening PEFR improved higher on esomeprazole than without esomeprazol but were not significantly difference. In conclusion, administration esomeprazole 40 mg daily improved asthma symptoms and lower the use of inhaled bronchodilator in moderate persistent asthma patients with GERD."

"Asma merupakan penyakit saluran napas kronik yang merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia. Adanya perubahan gaya hidup, kerusakan lingkungan, meningkatnya paparan polusi dan alergen berdampak pada kesehatan sistem pernapasan, mengakibatkan angka kejadian asma semakin meningkat. Ekstrak etanol patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) diketahui mengandung antiinflamasi, salah satunya adalah β-amyrin, yang secara turun-temurun dipakai untuk mengurangi keluhan batuk pada asma.Oleh karena itu peneliti ingin melihat apakah herbal patikan kebo benar mempercepat pengurangan keluhan gejala asma bila ditambahkan pada pengobatan penderita asma persisten sedang. Studi awal ini melibatkan 20 orang responden yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok plasebo, masing-masing 10 orang. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat kapsul ekstrak patikan kebo 2 x 2 kapsul / hari yang mengandung 385 mg tiap kapsulnya selama 8 minggu.Hasil studi secara statistik ditemukan adanya kecenderungan perbaikan nilai skor asma kontrol test (ACT). Ditemukan peningkatan yang tidak bermakna dari nilai arus puncak ekspirasi (APE) maupun penurunan jumlah eosinofil sputum.

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease which has become a global health issue. Effect of lifestyle changes, environmental degradation, pollution and allergen exposure on the health of the respiratory system, have led to the increasing incidence of asthma. Ethanolic extract of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) is known to have an antiinflamatory effect due to one of its active compound, β-amyrin. Patikan kebo has been used for generations to reduce cough in asthma.Therefore, we wanted to see whether or not the addition of patikan kebo in treatment of moderate persistent allergic asthma can accelerate the reduction of asthma symptoms. This is a preliminary study, consisted of 20 subjects divided into 2 groups: the treatment group and the placebo group, 10 people each. The treatment group received extract capsules patikan kebo extract capsules at 2 x 2 capsules / day containing 385 mg per capsule for 8 weeks.The study shows a statistically significant trend toward improved asthma control test (ACT) scores. There is no significant increase of peak expiratory flow or decrease in the number of sputum eosinophils."

"Tujuan penelitian potong lintang ini adalah menggambarkan tingkat keterkontrolan asma, kualitas hidup, dan kepatuhan pengobatan serta melihat hubungan antara keterkontrolan asma dengan kualitas hidup dan kepatuhan pengobatan. Sebanyak 132 pasien asma poli rawat jalan RSUP Persahabatan menyatakan kesediaan dan mengikuti penelitian ini dengan lengkap. Data diambil melalui wawancara dan pengamatan cara pakai obat. Sebesar 64 pasien (48,5%) menderita asma yang tidak terkontrol dan 68 pasien (51,5%) termasuk dalam asma yang terkontrol. Gambaran kualitas hidup menunjukkan nilai rerata domain gejala sebesar 4,83 (±1,49), domain keterbatasan aktivitas sebesar 5,99 (±0,86), domain fungsi emosi sebesar 5,13 (±1,63), dan domain pajanan lingkungan sebesar 3,89 (±1,88). Gambaran kepatuhan pengobatan pada penelitian ini sebesar 45,5% pasien minum obat sesuai anjuran dokter, 38,6% pasien rutin kontrol ke petugas kesehatan, dan 45,5% menggunakan obat inhalasi dengan benar. Domain pajanan lingkungan berdampak lebih besar terhadap gangguan kualitas hidup dibandingkan dengan domain lainnya. Terdapat hubungan antara keterkontrolan asma dengan kualitas hidup (r=0,307, p<0,05) dan hubungan antara keterkontrolan asma dengan kepatuhan pengobatan (penggunaan dosis obat, rutin kontrol, dan penggunaan obat inhalasi) (p<0.05).

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the level of asthma control, quality of life, medication compliance, and assess correlation between the level of asthma control, quality of life, and compliance with treatment. A hundred and thirty two patients with asthma in outpatient ward of RSUP Persahabatan hospital have provided consent and completed study. Data collection were conducted from interviews and observation how to use the drug. Sixty four patients (48.5%) had uncontrolled asthma and 68 patients (51.5 %) included in the controlled asthma. The mini asthma quality of life questionaire showed the mean symptom domains score of 4.83 (±1.49), activity limitations domain score of 5.99 (± 0.86), emotional function domain score of 5.13 (±1.63 ), and the environmental stimuli domain of 3.89 (±1.88).

Medication compliance revealed that 45,5% used medication dose as recommended by physician, 38,6% visited the physician for routine follow up, and 45,5% used the inhaled medication correctly. Environmental stimuli had more impact in quality of life compared to symptoms, activity limitation and emotional function. There is a relationship between the domain of quality of life with asthma control level (r=0,307, p<0,05) and there is a relationship between medication dose as recommended by physician, visiting the physician for routine follow up and using the inhaled medication correctly with asthma control level (p <0.05)."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Faktor lingkungan seperti alergen dan polusi udara dapat memicu ataupun memperberat gejala asma akut serta menyebabkan persitens gejala asma terutama asma alergi. Telah banyak usaha dilakukan untuk mengurangi kadar alergen dalam udara. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan mempertahankan keseimbangan anion-kation sehingga terjadi denaturasi protein tungau debu rumah yang merupakan alergen utama. Kondisi keseimbangan anion-kation dalam udara ini serupa dengan kondisi alamiah hutan. Lingkungan yang serupa dapat dicapai menggunakan filter udara dengan ioniser sehingga tercapai keseimbangan anion-kation dalam udara. Apakah kondisi ini akan mempengaruhi kondisi inflamasi saluran napas dan fungsi paru pasien asma alergi belum pernah dibuktikan sebelumnya.Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan uji klinis silang (cross-over), terbuka, pada pasien-pasien asma alergi. Data subjek diambil secara mandiri oleh pasien dan pemeriksaan berkala di Poli Asma. PPOK RS Persahabatan sejak Desember 2011 sampai September 2012. Pemeriksaan FeNO menggunakan NIOX mino, uji fungsi paru (spirometri), serta penilaian ACT dilakukan setiap bulan di RS Persahabatan.Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat 36 pasien yang berhasil mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai, selebihnya mengundurkan diri. Terdapat enam subjek laki-laki dan 30 perempuan, rerata usia 42,72 tahun (18-63). Klasifikasi terbanyak adalah asma persisten ringan (19) diikuti dengan asma persisten sedang dan berat (10 dan 7). Perbandingan selisih nilai ACT akhir dengan nilai awal antara kelompok kontrol dengan perlakuan berbeda bermakna secara statistik (p=0,008) maupun secara klinis (rerata kenaikan 3,31 poin). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik dalam nilai FeNO dan uji fungsi paru antara kedua kelompok pengamatan.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan peningkatan nilai asthma control test setelah penggunaan filter udara dengan ioniser namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan inflamasi saluran napas dan nilai faal paru. Penggunaan filter udara anion-kation seimbang dapat direkomendasikan pada pasien asma alergi.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Many attempts have been tried to reduce concentration of allergens which may precipitate acute asthma or cause persistence of symptoms especially in allergic asthma patients. One of the techniques used is air filter and ionizer which creates a balance anion-cation ambiance. Studies have showed that its use can reduce airborne allergen concentration. Indoor ionised air has been proven to cause protein denaturation of house dust mite allergen, one of the most prominent indoor allergen. Ionised air has been proved to cause protein denaturation of mite allergens. This condition is similar to the natural condition existing in uncontaminated natural forests. This condition may be achieved by using a commercially available air purifier and ionizer. Whether this condition affects airway inflammation and lung function test in allergic asthma patients is yet to be proven.Methods: This is a cross-over, unblinded, clinical trial, conducted in allergic asthma patients. Serial spirometry and FeNO measurements are performed monthly. Subjects are also asked to fill ACT for assement of asthma control. Subjects is observed for two months without using air filter in their bedrooms and two months using air filter in their bedrooms with a two weeks interval in between observation.Results: There were 50 patients enrolled in the beginning of this study but 14 dropped out while 36 completed the study. There were six male subjects and 30 female, averaging 42,72 (min 18, max 63). Most patients were mild persistent (n=30), followed by moderate ande severe persistent asthma (10 and 7, respectively). The difference between baseline and end of two months observation in control and treatment group was statistically and clinically significant (paired t-test, p=0,008, 3 points ACT increase). Although there was a trend of decreased FeNO and increased FEV1/predicted ratio, time series and multivariate analysis in both was not statistically significant.Conclusion: There was an increase of ACT score after air filter with ionizer usage but the change in FeNO and lung function test was not statistically significant. Air purifier can be recommended in allergic asthma patients to increase asthma control."

"Latar Belakang: Pajanan terhadap jamur telah diketahui berperan dalam perburukan gejala asma, fungsi paru yang buruk, rawat inap dan kematian. Kolonisasi atau pajanan jamur dapat mencetuskan respons alergi dan inflamasi paru. Sensititasi jamur oleh Aspergillus dapat menyebabkan Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) maupun Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization (SAFS). Pemeriksaan Immunodiffusion test (IDT) merupakan uji serologi untuk mengetahui terdapatnya antibodi anti-Aspergillus, namun pemeriksaan ini belum banyak digunakan di Indonesia dan perannya terhadap pasien asma belum diketahui.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian prospektif dengan metode consecutive sampling dan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasien asma yang berobat di Poliklinik Asma Rumah Sakit Persahabatan, Jakarta. Subjek penelitian menjalani pemeriksaan spirometri, Asthma Control Test (ACT) dan serologi antibodi anti-Aspergillus dengan metode IDT Aspergillus menggunakan crude antigen Aspergillus.Hasil: Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 59 pasien. Sejumlah 49 subjek (83,1%) berjenis kelamin perempuan, 37 subjek (62,7%) berusia ≥50 tahun, 45 subjek (76,3%) berpendidikan SLTA atau lebih, 25 subjek (42,4%) obesitas I, 5 subjek (8,5%) obesitas II dan 11 subjek (18,6%) bekas perokok. Sebagian besar subjek (62,71%) merupakan pasien asma persisten sedang. Asma terkontrol penuh ditemukan pada 7 subjek (11,86%), sedangkan asma tidak terkontrol pada 32 subjek (54,24%). Derajat obstruksi yang terbanyak ditemukan adalah obstruksi sedang pada 31 subjek (52,5%). Nilai %VEP1 ≥80% prediksi setelah uji bronkodilator ditemukan pada 24 subjek (40,7%). Dari 59 sampel darah yang diperiksa, tidak ada yang menunjukkan hasil IDT positif (0%), termasuk subjek yang datang dalam keadaan eksaserbasi dan subjek dengan asma persisten berat.Kesimpulan: Hasil positif pemeriksaan IDT Aspergillus pada pasien asma sebesar 0%. Pemeriksaan IDT Aspergillus tidak dapat digunakan secara tunggal tanpa pemeriksaan lain untuk mendeteksi sensititasi terhadap Aspergillus pada pasien asma dan tanpa validasi terhadap crude antigen Aspergillus yang digunakan.

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Background: Exposure to fungi has been known to play a role in worsening symptoms of asthma, poor lung function, hospitalization and death. Fungal colonization or exposure can trigger an allergic response and lung inflammation. Fungal sensitization by Aspergillus spp. can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). Immunodiffusion test (IDT) is a serological test to determine the presence of anti-Aspergillus antibodies, but this examination has not been widely used in Indonesia and its role in asthma patients is unknown.Method: This study was a prospective study with consecutive sampling method and cross-sectional design. The subjects were asthma patients treated at Asthma Outpatient Clinic at Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects underwent spirometry, Asthma Control Test (ACT) and serology of anti-Aspergillus antibodies examination with the IDT Aspergillus method using crude antigen Aspergillus.Results: The subjects of this study were 59 patients. A total of 49 subjects (83.1%) were females, 37 subjects (62.7%) were ≥50 years old, 45 subjects (76.3%) had high school education level or higher, 25 subjects (42.4%) were obese I, 5 subjects (8.5%) were obese II and 11 subjects (18.6%) were former smokers. Most subjects (62.71%) were moderate persistent asthma patients. Fully-controlled asthma was found in 7 subjects (11.86%), while uncontrolled asthma was found in 32 subjects (54.24%). The highest degree of obstruction found was moderate obstruction in 31 subjects (52.5%). The %VEP1 ≥80% predicted after the bronchodilator test was found in 24 subjects (40.7%). Of the 59 blood samples examined, none showed positive IDT results (0%), including subjects who came in exacerbations and subjects with severe persistent asthma.Conclusion: Positive results of IDT Aspergillus examination in asthma patients were 0%. The Aspergillus IDT examination cannot be used singly without other examinations to detect Aspergillus sensitization in asthmatic patients and without validation of the crude antigen Aspergillus used."

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Pendahuluan: Tujuan jangka panjang penatalaksanaan asma adalah mencapai status kontrol yang baik, mempertahankan aktivitas secara normal, mengurangi risiko eksaserbasi, mempertahankan fungsi paru mencapai normal atau mendekati normal dan menghindari efek samping obat. Penatalaksanaan secara farmakoterapi dan non farmakoterapi saling berkaitan. Salah satu penatalaksanaan non farmakologi yaitu menilai kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol serta pendekatan kepada pasien terhadap penilaian pengetahuan dan sikap pasien mengenai penyakit asma

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai asma dengan kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol pada asma tidak terkontrol di poli asma Rumah Sakit Pusat Rujukan Respirasi Nasional Persahabatan Jakarta

Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan metode desain potong lintang pada 96 subjek dengan status asma tidak terkontrol dan terkontrol sebagian yang berobat di poli asma RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta mulai Juli hingga Agustus 2019. Analisis deskriptif pada data menggunakan SPSS versi 20 dan uji Chi square untuk menilai kemaknaan (dikatakan bermakna bila p<0,05).

Hasil: Subjek perempuan, usia dewasa, tingkat pendidikan sedang, tidak bekerja dan IMT lebih merupakan karakteristik subjek yang terbanyak pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 80 subjek memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang baik terhadap penggunaan obat pengontrol. 80 subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik, 11 subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang sangat baik, 5 subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sedang. Sebanyak 84 subjek memiliki sikap yang baik mengenai asma. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol (p=0,765) dan juga tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol (p=0,408).

Kesimpulan: Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan subjek dan sikap subjek mengenai asma tidak bermakna secara statistik terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol. Walaupun demikian, tingkat pengetahuan asma yang sangat baik dan sikap yang baik mengenai asma menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan penggunaan obat pengontrol yang lebih baik dibandingkan kategori lainnya.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, kepatuhan, obat pengontrol, status 

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Introduction:The long-term goals asthma management are achieve symptom control, maintain normal activity, risk reduction, maintain normal lung function and avoid medication side effect. Pharmacology and non-pharmacology management are related each other. Non-pharmacology management are asses the adherence controller medication and approach to the patient in evaluating the knowledge and attitude about asthma.

Aim:Asses the association of knowledge and attitude about asthma with controller medication adherence of uncontrolled asthma patients in asthma clinic Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta.

Method:Cross sectional study of 96 adults with uncontrolled and partial controlled asthma attending asthma clinic at Persahabatan hospital Jakarta in July until August 2019. Descriptive analysis method with SPSS version 20 and Chi square test to asses significancy (p<0,05).

Result:Woman, adult, moderate educational level, non job and higher body mass index are the most characteristic subject in this study. 80 subjects have good adherence with controller medication. 80 subjects have good knowledge, 11 subjects have very good knowledge, 5 subjects have moderate knowledge. Asthma can be cured/controlled and adjust dose of the medications according to patients symptoms/cost are the most attitude found in this study. There is no association between knowledge and controller medication adherence (p=0,765) and no association between attitude and controller medication adherence (p=0,408).

Conclusion: The association between knowledge and attitude about asthma with controller medication adherence have no significancy in statistical analysis. Eventhough, excellent knowledge and good adherence show better proportion in controller medication adherence than other category

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"[Prevalensi asma di Indonesia cukup tinggi (4,5%) dan beban yang diakibatkannya menyebabkan konsekuensi sosial ekonomi. Peningkatan risiko terjadinya efek samping yang mengiringi pengobatan jangka lama pada asma mendorong pengembangan modalitas terapi lain salah satunya adalah akupunktur tetapi belum ada penelitian akupunktur pada asma yang menilai efeknya pada derajat keterkontrolan asma menggunakan alat ukur yang valid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas terapi kombinasi akupunktur tanam benang dan medikamentosa terhadap derajat keterkontrolan asma menggunakan skor ACT, pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan faal paru dan efek samping yang dapat timbul pada tindakan akupunktur tanam benang pada pasien asma bronkial derajat persisten sedang yang terkontrol sebagian dan tidak terkontrol. Uji klinis acak dan tersamar ganda dengan pembanding dilakukan pada 52 penderita asma bronkial derajat persisten sedang yang terkontrol sebagian dan tidak terkontrol yang dialokasikan secara acak menjadi kelompok terapi kombinasi akupunktur tanam benang dan medikamentosa (kelompok kasus) atau kelompok terapi medikamentosa (kelompok kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna perubahan skor ACT dan persentasi perubahan nilai APE sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan lebih tinggi pada kelompok kasus dibanding kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Persentasi perubahan nilai VEP1, KVP dan VEP1/KVP sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan lebih tinggi pada kelompok kasus dibanding kelompok kontrol namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terapi kombinasi akupunktur tanam benang dan medikamentosa lebih efektif dibanding terapi medikamentosa saja dalam meningkatkan derajat keterkontrolan asma pada pasien asma bronkial derajat persisten sedang yang terkontrol sebagian dan tidak terkontrol.;Asthma prevalence in Indonesia is quite high (4,5%) and the resulting burden caused socio-economic consequences. An increased risk of side effects that accompany long term treatment of asthma encourage the development of other therapeutic modalities one of which is acupoint catgut embedment but there is no studies of acupuncture in asthma that assess its effect on the degree of asthma control using a valid measurement tools. The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedment combined with medical treatment on asthma control using Asthma Control Test (ACT), to establish its effect on measurement result of lung function and to monitor the side effects that may occur. This study is a randomized, double-blind and controlled clinical trial involving 52 patients with partially controlled and uncontrolled moderate persistent bronchial asthma that are allocated into groups of catgut embedding method combined with medication (case group) and group of medication (control group). The results showed a statistically significant difference in the change of ACT scores and PEF before and after treatment higher in case group compared to control group (p < 0,05). The change of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC before and after treatment were higher in case group compared to control group but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0,05). The conclucion of this study is acupoint catgut embedment combined with medical treatment is more effective than medication treatment alone in improving asthma control in patients with partially controlled and uncontrolled moderate persistent bronchial asthma., Asthma prevalence in Indonesia is quite high (4,5%) and the resulting burden caused socio-economic consequences. An increased risk of side effects that accompany long term treatment of asthma encourage the development of other therapeutic modalities one of which is acupoint catgut embedment but there is no studies of acupuncture in asthma that assess its effect on the degree of asthma control using a valid measurement tools. The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedment combined with medical treatment on asthma control using Asthma Control Test (ACT), to establish its effect on measurement result of lung function and to monitor the side effects that may occur. This study is a randomized, double-blind and controlled clinical trial involving 52 patients with partially controlled and uncontrolled moderate persistent bronchial asthma that are allocated into groups of catgut embedding method combined with medication (case group) and group of medication (control group). The results showed a statistically significant difference in the change of ACT scores and PEF before and after treatment higher in case group compared to control group (p < 0,05). The change of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC before and after treatment were higher in case group compared to control group but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0,05). The conclucion of this study is acupoint catgut embedment combined with medical treatment is more effective than medication treatment alone in improving asthma control in patients with partially controlled and uncontrolled moderate persistent bronchial asthma.]"

"Pada tahun 2011, 235 juta orang di dunia menderita asma (WHO, 2011). Di Indonesia, prevalensi asma terus mengalami peningkatan yaitu sekitar 4,0% (Kemenkes, 2008). Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan biaya perawatan pasien asma di RSUP Persahabatan. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang (cross sectional). Sumber data primer didapatkan dari catatan rekam medik pasien. Sampel pada penelitian berjumlah 41 orang. Penelitian ini melibatkan 41 pasien terdiri dari 29 orang (70,7%) perempuan dan 12 (29,3%), 58,5% pasien tidak bekerja, 53% pasien menggunakan askes. Sebanyak 31,7% pasien asma menderita penyakit penyerta non TB dimana 36,6% pasien dirawat di kelas 1. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan total biaya perawatan pasien asma di RSUP Persahabatan adalah cara pembayaran, kelas perawatan, dan lama hari rawat.

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In 2011, as many as 235 million people worldwide suffer from asthma (WHO, 2011). In Indonesia, the prevalence of asthma is increasing at about 4.0% (Ministry of Health, 2008).The general objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with patient care costs of asthma in the department of Friendship.The study design was cross-sectional (cross-sectional). Sources of primary data obtained from the patient medical record. The samples in this study amounted to only 41 people. The study involved 41 patients, including 29 men (70.7%) women and 12 (29.3%) of men who had an average age of 43.60 years. 58.5% of patients did not work, 53% of patients using the health insurance payment. A total of 31.7% of patients with asthma suffer from comorbidities non TB where 36.6% of patients admitted to class 1. Factors associated with the total cost of patient care in the department of Friendship asthma among other means of payment, classroom maintenance, and long day care."