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"Tujuan: Menyelidiki perbedaan respons metabolik terhadap asupan diet mengandung orotat dan diet mengandung adenin pada profi l lipid dalam serum dan jaringan hati.Metode: Tikus-tikus percobaan diberi diet yang mengandung orotat 1.0% (kelompok orotat) dan adenin 0.25%(kelompok adenin) atau diet yang tak disuplementasi (kelompok kontrol) selama 10 hari. Kadar lipid dalam serumdiukur menggunakan enzyme assay kits. Lipid jaringan hati diekstraksi dan konsentrasinya ditentukan.Hasil: Kadar serum lipid kelompok adenin cendrung meningkat, sebaliknya kelompok orotat cendrung menurundibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kadar serum trigliserida (mg/dL) pada kelompok kontrol, orotat, dan adeninmasing-masing (78,1±14,9), (69,0±23,6), dan (136,1±21,6); Kadar fosfolipid (PL): (109,2±11,5), (93,3±10,5), dan(131,3±11,0); Total kolesterol: (53,7±4,6), (42,9±6,5), dan (68,1±5,8); dan high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-kolesterol:(35,4±2,7), (33,0±3,0), dan (44,7±2,7). Kandungan TG hati pada kelompok orotat meningkat tajam mendekati 10-kalilipat dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (P<0,05), sebaliknya kandungan TG kedua kelompok lainnya hampirsama. Kandungan lipid jaringan hati (mg/g jaringan) pada ketiga kelompok dimaksud masing-masing untuk TGadalah: (11,4±1,3), (123,5±15,2), dan (11,9±1,2); PL: (27,1±0,8), (25,4±1,3), dan (30,7±0,6); dan total kolesterol:(2,73±0,09), (2,34±0,12), dan (2,91±0,08). Kandungan PL dan kolesterol hati pada kelompok adenin masing-masingmeningkat sebesar 21% dan 25% dibandingkan dengan kelompok orotat, tetapi kandungan kedua jenis lipid tersebutpada kelompok terakhir ini menurun masing-masing sebesar 7% dan 15% dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Dietary adenin menginduksi sekresi lipid ke dalam aliran darah dan transport balik kolesterol menujusel-sel hati. Sebaliknya dietary orotat cendrung mempertahankan lipid-lipid yang telah disintesis di sel-sel hati,terutama TG, dan mengurangi sekresi.

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AbstractAim: Objectives To evalate the differences in metabolic responses between dietary orotic acid and adenine in lipidprofi les of serum and liver tissues.Methods: Rats were paired-fed 1.0 % orotic acid (orotic acid group) and 0.25 % adenine (adenine group) diets or anon-supplemented diet (control group) for 10 days. Serum lipid concentrations were measured using enzyme assaykits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined.Results: Serum lipid concentrations (in mg/dL) of adenine group tended to increase whereas those levels decreased inorotic acid group compared to control group. The serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations of control, orotic acid, andadenine groups were (78.1±14.9), (69.0±23.6), and (136.1±21.6); phospholipids (PL): (109.2±11.5), (93.3±10.5), and(131.3±11.0); total cholesterol: (53.7±4.6), (42.9±6.5), and (68.1±5.8); and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol:(35.4±2.7), (33.0±3.0), and (44.7±2.7), respectively. Furthermore, liver TG content of orotic acid group markedlyincreased. The increase was approximately by 10-fold in comparison to other groups (P<0.05). The lipid contents ofliver tissues (in mg/g tissue) in ordinarily of those three groups for TG were (11.4±1.3), (123.5±15.2), and (11.9±1.2); PL:(27.1±0.8), (25.4±1.3), and (30.7±0.6); and the total cholesterol: (2.73±0.09), (2.34±0.12), and (2.91±0.08), respectively.The liver PL and cholesterol content of adenine group increased by 21% and 25% than that of orotic acid group, but bothlipid levels of the latter group increased by 7% and 15%, respectively, than that of the control group.Conclusion: Dietary adenine enhances the serum TG, PL, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and the liver PL andcholesterol but without alters the liver TG levels. Dietary orotic acid, however, attenuates these serum lipid levels butretains those lipids synthesized in liver cells, mainly TG."

"Latar belakang: Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate merupakan bahan plasticizer yang banyak digunakan pada kantong darah untuk transfusi. Bahan ini dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyelidiki efek metabolik di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate dosis tengah pada profi l lipid dalam serum dan jaringan hati.Metode: Tikus percobaan galur Sprague Dawley diberi diet yang disuplementasi dengan 1,0% di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (kelompok DEHP, n=5) dan diet yang tak disuplementasi (kelompok kontrol, n=5) selama 10 hari. Hewan percobaan dibiarkan mendapatkan makanan secara ad libitum. Kadar lipid dalam serum diukur menggunakan enzyme assay kits. Lipid jaringan hati diekstraksi dan konsentrasinya ditentukan. Sepotong jaringan hati diambil untuk menentukan aktivitas malic enzyme dan carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1).Hasil: Kadar lipid serum kelompok DEHP menurun dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (P<0,05), di mana kadar lipid serum (mg/dL) pada kelompok kontrol dan DEHP masing-masing: trigliserida (TG) (100,5±16,5) dan (31,2±1,7); fosfolipid (PL) (143,3±7,8) dan (88,9±3,2); kolesterol total (88,7±4,6) dan (51,9±2,3); dan kolesterol HDL (high-density lipoprotein) (29,8±1,0) dan (16,1±0,7). Kandungan PL hati pada kelompok DEHP meningkat secra bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (P<0,05); peningkatannya mencapai 15%. Kandungan lipid hati (mg/g jaringan) pada kedua kelompok masing-masing: TG (40,8±4,4) dan (23,7±1,3); kolesterol total (3,36±0,29) dan (2,33±0,23); PL (36,5±1,0) dan (41,7±0,6). Aktivitas malic enzyme dan CPT-1 masing-masing meningkat sebesar 4,35 dan 2,33 kali kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate dosis tengah menurunkan sekresi lipid dari sel-sel hati ke dalam aliran darah. Kandungan TG dan kolesterol total sel-sel hati juga berkurang, sebaliknya kadar fosfolipid hati meningkat. Peningkatan fosfolipid hati disertai peningkatan aktivitas malic enzyme dan CPT-1 merupakan faktor utama penurun kadar lipid serum, TG dan kolesterol sel-sel hati yang diinduksi oleh di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate.

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AbstractBackground: Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate is the most widely used plasticizer in blood storage bag for transfusion. This substance can modify lipid metabolism. This study was aimed to elucidate the metabolic effects of di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate medium dose on lipid profi les in serum and liver tissue.Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed 1.0 % di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate diet (DEHP group, n=5) or a non-supplemented diet (control group, n=5) for 10 days. The rats were allowed to freely access each food. Serum lipid concentrations were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A peach of liver was prepared to determine the activities of malic enzyme and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1).Results: Serum lipid concentrations (mg/dL) of DEHP group decreased compared to control (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations of control and DEHP groups were respectively (100.5±16.5) and (31.2±1.7); phospholipid (PL), (143.3±7.8) and (88.9±3.2); total cholesterol, (88.7±4.6) and (51.9±2.3). The liver TG content of control and DEHP group (mg/g liver) were respectively, (40.8±4.4) and (23.7±1.3); liver cholesterol were (3.36±0.29) and (2.33±0.23); and the liver PL were (36.5±1.0) and (41.7±0.6). Malic enzyme and CPT-1 activities (nmol/min/ mg protein) of DEHP group increased compared to control (P<0.05), in which their increases were approximately by 4.35- and 2.33-folds, respectively.Conclusion: The di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate medium dose attenuates lipids secretion from the liver cells into the bloodstream. The increase of liver PL level accompanied with the promotions of malic enzyme and the CPT-1 activities are the key factors of the dietary di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate effects in rats to attenuate the lipid secretions from the livers "

"The effects of dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 on lipid profiles in serum and liver tissue were studied. Rats were paired-fed a 0.25% vitamin B4 diet or a diet without vitamin B4 for 10 days. Serum lipid levels were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A piece of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that animals fed a food fortified with vitamin B4 had higher level of serum TG, PL, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein. Their increases were approximately by 74%, 20%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. The significant changes in liver lipid were only found in PL component. This treatment promoted FAS activity, but impaired the fatty acid β-oxidation. In conclusion: Dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 induces hypertriglyceridemia and liver PL level."

"Sirosis hati SH merupakan tahap akhir dari penyakit hari kronik yang ditandai dengan fibrosis hati dan mikro maupun makronodul. Penyakit hati kronik mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid sehinga menggangu profil lipid pasien. Adanya kerusakan hati dideteksi dengan penilaian fungsi hati di mana salah satu penilainnya adalah analisis kadar albumin serum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar profil lipid dan apakah terdapat korelasi antara profil lipid dengan fungsi hati albumin pada pasien SH. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional pada 73 penderita SH 56 laki-laki dan 17 perempuan didapatkan dari rekam medis Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSCM. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov menunjukkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol HDL, kolesterol LDL, dan trigliserida rata-rata 158.07, 39.05, 94.07, dan median 92 dan dengan uji Pearson menunjukkan korelasi antara kolesterol total, kolesterol HDL, kolesterol LDL dan albumin semua.

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Cirrhosis is an end stage of chronic inflammatory liver disease with fibrosis and micro or macro nodule. Chronic liver disease affects lipid metabolism and disrupts patient rsquo s lipid profile. Cirrhosis can be detected by assessing liver function, one of which is analyzing serum albumin. The aim is to study the lipid profile in patients with cirrhosis and to determine the correlation between serum lipid profile and serum albumin in patients with cirrhosis.

Design of the study is cross sectional, 73 patients with cirrhosis 56 men and 17 women were obtained from the medical records of the Laboratory Clinical Pathology RSCM. The results of the study were analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride mean of 158.07, 39.05, 94.07 and median of 92 , Pearson test showed a correlation between total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and albumin all."

"Latar belakang: Kekurangan gizi merupakan penyebab umum morbiditas pada anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Data dari negara berkembang memperlihatkan prevalensi malnutrisi penderita dengan PJB sebelum dioperasi mencapai 45%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil anhropometrik dan prevalensi kekurangan gizi pada anak dengan PJB dengan melakukan pengukuran anthropometrik.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan rancang bangun cross sectional pada anak berusia 0-2 tahun dengan PJB di RSCM. Pengukuran antropometri (berat badan, panjang badan, lingkar kepala) dilakukan pada seluruh pasien. Kekurangan gizi, failure to thrive/FTT, perawakan pendek, mikrosefali dinilai dengan menggunakan rekomendasi WHO tahun 2006, berupa perhitungan z-skor BB/PB, BB/U di 2 titik, PB/U dan LK/U < -2 SD.Hasil: Total subyek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 95 orang, 73 orang dengan asianotik dan 22 orang dengan PJB sianotik. Prevalensi kekurangan gizi sebesar 51,1% dengan 22,3% diantaranya adalah gizi buruk. FTT terdapat pada 64,9%, perawakan pendek pada 49,5% dan mikrosefali pada 37% pasien. FTT ditemukan lebih banyak pada pasien dengan lesi asianotik (72,2%) dibandingkan dengan lesi sianotik (42,9). Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan (72,2% dengan 49,3%). Pasien dengan lesi sianotik, berat dan panjang badan akan dipengaruhi secara seimbang (42,9% dengan 54.5%). Konsultasi diet diberikan kepada pasien dengan kekurangan gizi. Terapi obat-obatan, intervensi transkateter atau bedah diindikasikan pada pasien tertentu.Kesimpulan: Prevalensi FTT lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada anak dengan kelainan jantung kongenital. FTT ditemukan lebih banyak pada pasien dengan lesi asianotik. Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan. Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan.

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AbstractBackground: Undernutrition is a common cause of morbidity in children with CHD. Previous data from developing country showed prevalence of preoperative undernutrition in children with CHD was up to 45%. The aim of this study are to determine the anthropometric profi les and prevalence of undernutrition in children with CHD by using the anthropometric measurement.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-2 years old with CHD in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. All patients underwent an anthropometric evaluation (weight, length and head circumference) at presentation. Undernutrition, failure to thrive /FTT, short stature and microcephaly were determined according to WHO, weight-forlength, weight-for-age at 2 points, length-for-age, head circumference-for-age z-score < -2SD accordingly.Results: We had total of 95 patients, 73 patients with acyanotic and 22 patients with cyanotic lesions. Prevalence of undernutrition in CHD was 51.1%, with 22.3% severe undernutrition. FTT was found in 64.9%, short stature in 49.5% and microcephaly in 37% patients. FTT was found higher in acyanotic (72.2%) compared to cyanotic lesions (42.9%). In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length (72.2% vs 49.3%). In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally (42.9% vs 54.5%). Diet counseling were done in patients with undernutrition. Medicines, transcatheter or surgery intervention were indicated in selected patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of FTT was higher than undernutrition in children with CHD. FTT was found higher in acyanotic lesions. In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length. In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally. "

"Latar belakang: Indonesia merupakan negara maritim yang berhubungan erat dengan industri pengiriman dan kekayaan laut yang berdampak pada sosio-ekonomik negara. Kesehatan pelaut berperan penting dalam mempertahankan manajemen ini dan perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Pelaut memiliki risiko mengalami MAFLD, kelelahan saat bertugas, atau kombinasi keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara MAFLD dengan kelelahan kerja pada Pelaut tugboat.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan data sekunder hasil MCU karyawan Perusahaan X. MAFLD didefinisikan sebagai fatty liver berdasarkan hasil USG ditambah dengan adanya obesitas atau overweight. Kelelahan diukur menggunakan kuesioner SOFI yang telah divalidasi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hubungan antara MAFLD dengan kelelahan dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan nilai signifikansi (P), odds ratio (OR) dan interval kepercayaan (IK) 95%.

Hasil: Prevalensi pekerja yang mengalami kelelahan sedang sebanyak 64 orang (23,5%). Kelelahan kerja secara statistik berhubungan signifikan dengan MAFLD (aOR 5,05; IK 95% 2,65-9,60; p <0,001) dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik/olahraga (aOR 2,79; IK 95% 1,17-6,68; p 0,021).

Kesimpulan: Hampir seperempat dari total jumlah pelaut tugboat mengalami kekelahan sedang saat bekerja. Kelelahan tersebut berhubungan signifikan dengan MAFLD dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik/olahraga

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Background: Indonesia is a maritime nation closely associated with shipping industry and oceanic wealth that impacts the country's socio-economic status. The health of sailors plays a crucial role in maintaining this management and requires specific attention. Sailors are at risk of experiencing MAFLD, on-duty fatigue, or a combination of both. This research aims to investigate the relationship between MAFLD and work-related fatigue among tugboat sailors.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with secondary data from the Medical Check-Up (MCU) results of Company X's employees. MAFLD was defined as fatty liver based on ultrasound results combined with the presence of obesity or overweight. Fatigue was measured using the validated SOFI questionnaire in the Indonesian language. The association between MAFLD and fatigue was analyzed using logistic regression to obtain significance values (P), odds ratios (OR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The prevalence of workers experiencing moderate fatigue was 64 individuals (23.5%). Statistically, work-related fatigue was significantly associated with MAFLD (aOR 5.05; 95% CI 2.65-9.60; p <0.001) and insufficient physical activity/exercise (aOR 2.79; 95% CI 1.17-6.68; p 0.021).

Conclusion: Nearly a quarter of the total number of tugboat sailors experience moderate fatigue while working. This fatigue is significantly associated with MAFLD and insufficient physical activity/exercise."

"ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, prevalensi kelebihan berat badan pada remaja umur 16-18 tahun meningkat dari 1.4 persen 2010 menjadi 7.3 persen 2013 . Obese pada tubuh memicu timbulnya ldquo;chronic low grade inflammation rdquo; dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Diet merupakan faktor penting yang mengatur kondisi inflamasi dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat inflamasi yang terkandung dalam makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh remaja dan hubungannya dengan status gizi mereka di kabupaten Trenggalek. Studi perbandingan potong lintang dengan subjek remaja terdiri dari 152 kelebihan gizi dan 151 normal dilaksanakan di kabupaten Trenggalek. Variabel bebas dari inflamasi pada makanan diukur menggunakan ldquo;dietary inflammatory index rdquo;. Status gizi remaja dikategorikan menggunakan CDC BMI/U . Data dianalisis dengan ldquo;chi square rdquo; menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter inflamasi makanan dan status gizi pada remaja p>0.05 . Namun, remaja yang mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung pro inflamasi memiliki resiko mengalami kelebihan berat badan 1.16 kali dibandingkan dengan remaja yang mengkonsumsi anti inflamasi adjusted OR 1.16, 95 CI=0.718-1.881 . Makanan yang bersifat pro inflamasi berkaitan remaja dengan gemuk dan obese. Sebaliknya, makanan yang bersifat pro inflamasi berkaitan dengan remaja normal.

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ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, prevalence of overnutrition among adolescence aged 16 18 years increase from 1,4 percent 2010 to 7.3 percent in 2013. The state of obesity in the body lead to have chronic low grade inflammation in the long term condition. Diet has been known as an important regulatory factor on inflammatory condition.This study was conducted to capture inflammation contain on foods which consumed by adolescence and observe its association with their nutritional status. A comparative cross sectional study with 152 overnutrition and 151 non overnutrition adolescence in Trenggalek District was involved. Independent variable of food rsquo s inflammation was measured using Dietary Inflammatory Index. Nutritional status of adolescence was categorized using CDC BMI for Age percentils . Data were analyzed with Chi Square using SPSS version 20. There was not significantly difference of food rsquo s inflammatory parameter and nutritional status of adolescence p 0.05 . However, adolescence who consumed highest pro inflammatory foods, had risk to suffer overnutrition 1.16 times compare to adolescence who consumed more anti inflammatory foods adjusted OR 1.16, 95 CI 0.718 1.881 . A pro inflammatory diet the higher dietary inflammatory index score was significantly associated with overweight and obese adolescence. Inversely, anti inflammatory diet the lower dietary inflammatory index score was associated with normal adolescence."

"ABSTRACTThe effects of dietary food fortified with orotic acid (1.0%)on liver function were studied in rats. The rats fed with orotic acid promoted liver triglyceride content markedly, that was 5-fold higher than that of the control. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 10%, but the gluthation peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased by 50%. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities increased by 25% and 30%,respectively. Therefore, the decreased GSH-Px activity was associated with the promotions of AST, ALT, and the liver MDA levels. In conclusion: dietary orotic acid promotes lipid peroxidation but reduces the rate of the antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, dietary food fortified with orotic acid attenuates the liver function. "

"Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has diverse clinical manifestations, including renal and non-renal. Renal manifestation is related to significant morbidity and mortality. SLE is also characterized by serological aberrations, including levels of complement C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA, but the association of them with clinical manifestations including renal and non-renal is unclear. This study investigated the associations of C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA levels with renal and non-renal manifestations in SLE patients.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Polyclinic of Rheumatology, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. A number of 43 subjects fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria participated in this study, that consisted of 11 patients with renal manifestation and 32 patients with non-renal manifestations. Serum C3 and C4 levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry, and serum anti-dsDNA levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The independent T-test was used to compare C3 levels and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare C4 and anti-dsDNA levels between groups.Result. SLE with renal manifestation had significant lower levels of serum C3 compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 71.27 ± 32.65 mg/dL and 94.47 ± 26.29 mg/dL respectively, p=0.022). SLE with renal manifestation also had significantly lower levels of serum C4 compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 14.55 ± 8.20 mg/dL and 25.50 ± 11.05 mg/dL respectively, p=0.002). Conversely, SLE with renal manifestation had significantly higher levels of serum anti-dsDNA compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 249.27 ± 240.34 IU/mL and 109.91 ± 166.11 IU/mL respectively, p=0.014).Conclusion. SLE patients with renal manifestation have significantly lower levels of serum C3 and C4 and a higher level of serum anti-dsDNA than SLE patients with non-renal manifestations."