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"Revolusi informasi komunikasi yang mempersembahkan medium internet, memiliki pengaruh terhadap hubungan internasional. Pengaturan global bidang perlindungan kekayaan intelektual di medium internet yang diinisiasi oleh Konggres Amerika Serikat menggunakan instrumen negara adidaya itu, melalui rancangan undang-undang Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act atau PIPA) dan Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), ternyata menuai protes. Ujung dari protes adalah memaksa Pemerintah Amerika Serikat membatalkan proses legislasi terhadap dua rancangan tersebut. Padahal, pengaturan PIPA dan SOPA menjadi benteng tangguh bagi negara Amerika Serikat "Great Firewall" of America dalam melindungi kekayaan intelektual mereka secara global di medium internet. Penelitian kualitatif skripsi ini menganalisis bahwa medium internet meningkatkan pertanyaan akan legitimasi memerintah yang dilakukan oleh aktor pemerintah melalui instrumen negara. Meningkatnya kecepatan memperoleh informasi sekaligus reduksi ongkos berkomunikasi yang disediakan medium ini, memperbanyak kuantitas aktor untuk memperbesar kompleksitas proses politik di dalamnya. Selain itu, secara ide, cara pengaturan global PIPA dan SOPA melindungi kekayaan intelektual Amerika Serikat di medium internet adalah dengan menyerang infrastruktur fasilitas mendasar internet, yaitu situs. Meruntuhkan "Great Firewall" of America sebabnya menjadi opsi satu-satunya pilihan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.

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Information communication revolution which represents internet medium, has influence to international relations. Global governance in protecting intellectual property on this internet medium, initiated by the United States Congress using that powerful state instrument through two bills Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act or PIPA) and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), in the fact, gave protests. The tail of the protests was to force the United States Government to cancel legislation process of both of two those bills. Unfortunately, the cancelation meant disturbance to the building of the "Great Firewall" of America in giving maximal protection to the country`s intellectual property globally on internet medium. This qualitative research analyzes that the reason is the internet medium itself with its nature to promote more questioning of governing legitimation by government actor using state instrument. The improvement in speed of getting information as well as the reduction in communicating cost provided by this medium, empowers the quantity of other actors to bigger the complexity political process gives within the communication. In addition, to the idea, the mechanisms how-to used by PIPA and SOPA to protect United States intellectual property globally on that medium was with attacking the infrastructure of basic facility of the medium, the websites. As the final result, shutting down the "Great Firewall" of America become the only option the Government of United States had to choose."

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"Kebijakan sensor internet mengacu pada tindakan pemerintah dalam menyaring dan mengontrol apa yang dapat diakses masyarakatnya di internet. Tiongkok menjadi salah satu negara yang turut menerapkan kebijakan ini. The Great Firewall of China yang disingkat sebagai GFW merupakan istilah yang mengacu pada kebijakan sensor internet yang diterapkan di Tiongkok. Sejak berkembangnya internet pada tahun 1990-an, Pemerintah Tiongkok terus melakukan pengendalian terhadap internet melalui penyensoran. Sejak kepemimpinan Xi Jinping, pemerintah Tiongkok semakin menggiatkan penguatan kebijakan tersebut. Hal itulah yang menjadi pokok bahasan dalam artikel ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode kualitiatif dengan pendekatan ilmu sejarah. Adapun tahap penelitian mencakup heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sensor internet pada era Xi Jinping meskipun dijalankan dalam rangka menjaga kedaulatan Tiongkok dan membangun Tiongkok sebagai kekuatan siber dunia, namun secara substansial tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kebebasan mengakses informasi dan berekspresi di internet sebagaimana termaktub Konvensi Internasional tentang Hak Sipil dan Politik tahun 1998, yang juga sudah ditandatangi oleh Tiongkok.

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Internet censorship policy refers to government actions in filtering and controlling what people can access on the internet. China is one of the countries that have implemented this policy. The Great Firewall of China, abbreviated as GFW, is a term that refers to the internet censorship policies implemented in China. Since the development of the internet in the 1990s, the Chinese government has continued to control the internet through censorship. Since the reign of Xi Jinping, the Chinese government has intensified the reinforcement of this policy which become the subject of this article. The research method used in this article is a qualitative method with a historical approach. The research stages include heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the implementation of internet censorship policies in the Xi Jinping era, although carried out to maintain China's sovereignty and build China as a world cyber power, is substantially not in accordance with the values of freedom of access to information and expression on the internet as stated in the 1998 International Covenant on Civil Rights and Politics, which China has also signed."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang strategi image restoration yang dijalankan olehKedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia melalui program @america sebagaibentuk restorasi citra yang hancur oleh kebijakan war on terrorism.Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat, dalam merestorasi kerusakan citra terparahmereka dalam lima puluh tahun terakhir, memilih menggunakan pendekatankomunikasi dalam upaya melakukan diplomasi publik mereka untukmengembalikan citra positif Amerika di mata publik Indonesia sehinggafavorabilitas masyarakat Indonesia terhadap berbagai kebijakan global Amerikadapat kembali meningkat.Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis, pendekatan kualitatif, danbersifat deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawanaramendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwamelalui @america, program-program komunikasi mampu membawa pesandiplomasi dalam rangka merestorasi sekaligus mengembalikan citra positifAmerika Serikat di Indonesia yang telah rusak karena kebijakan war on terrorism.

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AbstractThis research describes about image restoration strategies run by Embassy ofUnited States in Indonesia through @america?s programs as a manner to restorethe damage images caused by war on terrorism policy.US Embassy, on restoring their most damage images in the last fivety years, usesthe communication approach as their public diplomacy?s method to restore theirpositive images to Indonesian people as well as increasing its favorability to USforeign policy.This study utilizes post-positivist paradgm and descriptive qualitative research.In-depth interviews and literature studies have been selected as the main methodsof data collection. The results of this study shows that through @america,Communication programs are able to send diplomacy message to aim therestoration as well as returning positive images of United States in Indonesia thathave been damaged by the war on terrorism policy."

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"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan di lapangan banyaknya hubungan atau relasi yang terputus di antara para aktor politik dimana hubungan yang terputus tersebut menciptakan ruang kosong yang disebut dengan celah struktur (structural holes). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat celah struktur di dalam jaringan komunikasi politik di Indonesia dalam studi kasus pemilihan Presiden 2014. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian diatas digunakan metodologi gabungan atau biasa disebut dengan mix methods dengan paradigma post positivis. Dari analisa terhadap temuan lapangan di dapatkan hasil bahwa celah struktur (structural holes) di dalam jaringan komunikasi politik di Indonesia tercipta dari relasi yang luas, yang memiliki tujuan tertentu yang jelas, bersifat formal, kolektif serta oleh aktor yang memiliki jabatan formal di partai politik. Sedangkan aktor yang diuntungkan (tertius gaudens) merupakan orang yang memiliki jabatan formal tinggi di partai politik serta memiliki kesamaan pekerjaan sebagai anggota parlemen.

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The background of this research is caused by the reality in the field reality that there are relations which have been disconnected among political actors, and that those disconnected communications create empty space called as structural holes. This research aims to observe at the structural holes in the political communication network in Indonesia in the case study of the 2014 Presidential General Election. To obtain the research result, a mixed method is used, and it is usually called a mixed method with post positivism paradigm.

From the analysis towards the field findings, the results obtained are that the structural holes in the political communication network in Indonesian have been created from a wide relation, having certain clear, formal, and collective objectives and conducted by actors having a formal position in a political party. Nevertheless, the actor gaining the advantages (tertius gaudens) are those who have persons who have a high formal position in a political party and have a similar job as a Parliament member."