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"Kondisi stres memiliki efek yang buruk terhadap respon imun, sehingga rentan akan infeksi, termasuk penyakit periodontal. Salah satu biomarker yang dapat mengindikasikan penyakit periodontal adalah interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tiga puluh delapan mahasiswa program profesi FKG UI. Subjek diinstruksikan untuk mengusi kuisioner Dental Environment Stress (DES) dan dilakukan pemeriksaan periodontal dan pengambilan sampel cairan krevikular gingiva serta dianalisis untuk mengetahui kadar IL-6 dengan teknik ELISA. Walaupun uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah antara tingkatan stres dengan kondisi periodontal dan kadar IL-6, kondisi klinis menunjukkan kecenderungan perburukan kondisi periodontal seiring peningkatan skor stres.

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Stress conditions have a bad effect on the immune response, leading to an imbalance between the host and the parasite so susceptible to infections, including periodontal disease. One biomarker that can indicate periodontal disease is interleukin-6 (IL-6). Thirty eight samples were instructed to filled the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, periodontal examination and gingival crevicular fluid were collected. Although statistical tests showed a weak relationship between stress levels and the periodontal condition levels of IL-6, showed a trend of worsening clinical condition of periodontal conditions with increases in stress scores."

"Latar Belakang: Stres faktor risiko penyakit periodontal, yang meningkatkan kadar interleukin-1β yang berperan pada kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Tujuan: analisis hubungan antara stres akademik terhadap kondisi jaringan periodontal dan kadar interleukin-1β dalam cairan krevikular gingiva. Metode: 38 orang subjek mengisi kuasioner GDES, pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan laboratorium kadar interleukin-1β dengan ELISA. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tingkatan stres akademik dengan kondisi jaringan periodontal dan kadar interleukin-1β (p<0,05); tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar interleukin-1β dengan kondisi jaringan periodontal (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Stres faktor risiko penyakit periodontal dengan peningkatan kadar interleukin-1β

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Background: Stress is a risk factor for periodontal disease, with increase levels of interleukin-1β that act for periodontal destruction.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between academic stress in dental specialist programme in Dentistry on periodontal tissue conditions and levels of interleukin-1β in gingival fluid krevikular.

Methods: 38 subjects fill the quasioner GDES, periodontal examination and laboratorium examination of interleukin-1β with the ELISA test.

Results: Significant differences between academic stress to periodontal tissue and levels of interleukin-1β (p<0,05); no significant differences between levels of interleukin-1β to periodontal tissues (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Stress is periodontal risk factor with elevated levels of interleukin-1β"

"Mayoritas penelitian menemukan hubungan periodontitis dengan stres, namun hubungannya dengan hormon kortisol pada cairan krevikular gingiva belum diteliti. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi pengaruh stres pada mahasiswa program akademik FKGUI terhadap kondisi periodontal dan kadar kortisol dalam CKG. Pemeriksaan Dental Environtmental Stress, indeks periodontal (OHIS, BOP, PPD, CAL), dan kadar kortisol terhadap 39 subjek, ditemukan perbedaan OHIS (p=0,023), BOP (p=0,000), PPD (p=0,004), dan CAL (p=0,004), namun tidak ada perbedaan kadar kortisol (p=0,456) diantara tingkatan stres. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar kortisol pada OHIS (p=0,587), BOP (p=0,470), PPD (p=0,863), dan CAL (p=0,863). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara stres akademik dan kadar kortisol, dengan kondisi periodontal.

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Majority of investigations associating chronic periodontitis with stress found positive correlation, but no investigations correlating with cortisol in gingival crevicular fluid. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between stress experienced by academic students FKGUI, periodontium, and cortisol. Survey using Dental Environtmental Stress (DES), clinical examinations (OHIS, BOP, PPD, and CAL), and cortisol level. 39 subjects show differences in OHIS (p=0.023), BOP (p=0.000), PPD (p=0,004), and CAL (p=0,004) between stress level and no differences in cortisol level (p=0,456). No differences in cortisol level between OHIS (p=0,587), BOP (p=0,470), PPD (p=0,863), and CAL (p=0,863). No significant differences between stress, cortisol level and periodontium."

"Latar Belakang: Stres dapat diimplikasikan sebagai faktor risiko terhadap penyakit periodontal, yang dapat dilihat melalui kadar Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β). Tujuan: Menganalisa hubungan stres akademik terhadap status penyakit periodontal berdasarkan kadar IL-1β pada mahasiswa FKG UI program profesi. Material dan metode:Pemeriksaan Dental Environtmental Stress (DES), indeks periodontal (indeks modifikasi Russel), dan kadar IL-1β dengan ELISA assay terhadap 38 subjek. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan antara status penyakit periodontal dengan kadar IL-1βmahasiswa profesi dokter gigiFKG UI. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status penyakit periodontal dengan kadar IL-1β, namun hubungannya dengan stres akademik belum dapat dibuktikan.

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Introduction: Stress condition was implicated as one of risk factor to periodontal disease, that can be assesed by Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level.

Objectives: To analyzethe relationship between academical stress to periodontal status and IL-1β.

Material and methods: 38 subjects were measuredfor perceived stress using The Dental Environment Stress (DES); periodontal condition using modified Russel periodontal index, and level of IL-1β in GCFusing ELISA assay.

Results: A significant differences was only showed in the relationship between IL-1βto periodontal status.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between IL-1β level to periodontal status, but not to academic stress."

"Latar Belakang: Kerusakan jaringan periodontal terjadi karena inflamasi terhadap invasi bakteri. Human beta defensin-1 adalah peptida antimikroba dan pertahanan pertama terhadap infeksi.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan kadar ekspresi HBD-1 antara kelompok periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normalBahan dan Metode: Kadar HBD-1 dari 94 sampel CKG subjek periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normal diukur dengan ELISAHasil: Analisis Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan kadar HBD-1 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal, dan antara periodontitis kronis dengan periodontitis agresif.Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-1 pada CKG menurun pada kondisi periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontal disease is happened because inflammation reaction ro bacterial invasion. Human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) is antimicroba peptide which regulate the first defense mechanism.

Objectives: To compare level of HBD-1 between chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group.

Material and Methods: Level of HBD-1 from GCF sample of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group were assessed with ELISA.

Results: Mann-Whitney analysis show different level of HBD-1 expression between chronic periodontitis and normal (p<0,05) and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between aggressive periodontitis and normal, and between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Conclusion: Level of HBD-1 in GCF decreased in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan interaksi kompleks antara sitokin pro-inflamasi dan sitokin anti-inflamasi. Sitokin anti-inflamasi seperti IL-4 pada cairan krevikular gingiva (CKG) dapat menjadi biomarker penyakit periodontal.Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar IL-4 dalam CKG penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.Metode dan Bahan: Sampel CKG dikumpulkan dari pasien normal (n=21), periodontitis kronis (n=38) dan periodontitis agresif (n=35) dan dilakukan analisis kadar IL-4 dengan menggunakan ELISA.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-4 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal dan antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal (p=0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-4 (p=0,729) antara periodontitis kronis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) periodontitis agresif (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).Kesimpulan: Kadar IL-4 menurun pada kondisi inflamasi, baik pada periodontitis kronis ataupun periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontitis is a complex interaction between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in GCF that can be used as a periodontal biomarker.

Objectives: To compare level of IL-4 in GCF of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Material and Methods: GCF sample were collected from normal (n=21), periodontitis chronic (n=38) and aggressive periodontitis (n=35) group and analysis of level IL-4 was performed with ELISA.

Results: There was a difference level of IL-4 between chronic periodontitis with normal and between aggressive periodontitis with normal (p=0,000). There was no difference level of IL-4 (p=0,729) between chronic periodontitis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) and aggressive periodontitits (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).

Kesimpulan: Level of IL-4 was decreased in inflammation condition, either chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Interleukin-1β merupakan sitokin pro-inflamasi utama yang dapat ditemukan pada kedua penyakit ini. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar interleukin-1β dalam cairan sulkus gingiva (CSG) penderita PJK dan non PJK dengan status periodontal. Metode: Pemeriksaan klinis 40 subjek PJK dan 40 subjek non PJK, pemeriksaan laboratorium kadar Interleukin-1β dengan ELISA. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna Interleukin-1β antara penderita PJK dan non PJK (p>0,05); tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Interleukin-1β dengan status periodontal penderita PJK dan non- PJK (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar Interleukin-1β penderita PJK tidak memiliki hubungan dengan status periodontal.

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Background: Periodontitis is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Interleukin-1β as a pro-inflammatory main cytokine, can be found in this both diseases.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of interleukin-1β levels in CSG CHD and non-CHD patients with periodontal status.

Methods: Clinical Examination for 40 Subject CHD and 40 controls was checked, laboratory test for measured the levels of Interleukin-1β with ELISA.

Results: There were no significant differences between patients Interleukin-1β CHD and non-CHD (p>0.05); there is no significant difference between the levels of Interleukin-1β with periodontal status CHD and control patients (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Levels of Interleukin-1β of CHD patients do not have a relationships with periodontal status."

"Latar belakang: Pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan periodontal merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut.Tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi terhadap kesehatan periodontal bisa menjadi penghalang potensial untuk upaya pencegahan kesehatan periodontal dan mulutyang efektif. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi gambaran tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jaringan periodontal pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia angkatan2017. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner melalui Google Form. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 234 orang yang terdiri atas 100 laki-laki dan 134 perempuan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji komparatif. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jaringan periodontal pada mahasiswa UI 2017 berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jaringan periodontal berdasarkan rumpun ilmu. Kesimpulan:Pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jaringan periodontal pada mahasiswa perempuan lebih tinggi dari laki-laki, dan mahasiswa Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan (RIK) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan jaringan periodontal yang lebih tinggi dari mahasiswa rumpun ilmu yang lain.

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Background: The knowledge about periodontal health is one way to prevent and

overcome dental and oral health problems. A high level of knowledge about periodontal health can be a potential barrier that can affect oral and periodontal health prevention efforts. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge regarding periodontal health among students of Universitas Indonesia class 2017. Methods: This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach,

using questionnaire via Google Form. The research subjects were 234 students consisting of 100 male and 134 female. Data were analyzed using a comparative

test. Results: There is a difference in the level of knowledge regarding the health of periodontal tissue among Universitas Indonesia students class 2017 based on gender, and there is a difference in the level of knowledge about periodontal tissue health among Universitas Indonesia students class 2017 based on faculties clusters. Conclusions: The level of knowledge regarding periodontal tissue health in female students was higher than that of male students, and students of the health science faculties (RIK) had a higher level of knowledge about periodontal tissue health than students of other disciplines."

"Pemasangan implan gigi sudah dilakukan di Klinik Periodonsia Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Indonesia sejak tahun 2009. Evaluasi jangka panjang kondisi klinis implan gigi belum pernah dilakukan di RSKGM FKG UI dan Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kondisi klinis jaringan peri-implan paska perawatan implan gigi di Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode pemasangan tahun 2009-2014. Metode Penelitian: Subjek terdiri dari 11 pasien dengan 29 implan gigi. Pemeriksaan klinis terdiri dari pemeriksaan indeks kebersihan mulut, kegoyangan implan gigi, kedalaman probing, resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan klinis dan perdarahan gingiva. Hasil: Kegoyangan implan gigi tidak ditemukan. Perdarahan gingiva terdapat pada 72,4 implan gigi. Rerata kedalaman probing 3,97 1,35 mm, resesi gingiva 0,45 0,57 mm, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis 0,62 0,82 mm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kedalaman probing, kehilangan perlekatan klinis dan perdarahan gingiva berdasarkan indeks kebersihan mulut yang berbeda, namun terdapat perbedaan resesi gingiva berdasarkan indeks kebersihan mulut yang berbeda. Kesimpulan: Evaluasi klinis jaringan peri-implan memberikan hasil yang baik.

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Dental implant treatment has been done in Periodontal Clinic Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Indonesia since 2009. There is no long term clinical evaluation of dental implant in RSKGM FKG UI and Indonesia.

Aim: To evaluate the peri implant tissue after dental implant placement in Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI 2009 2014.

Method: There were 11 patients with 29 dental implants. Clinical evaluation consists of oral hygiene measurement, mobility test, probing measurement, gingival bleeding test, and measurement of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss.

Results: There was no implant mobility. Gingival bleeding found in 72,4 of the dental implant. The mean probing depth 3,97 1,35 mm, gingival recession 0,45 0,57 mm, and clinical attachment loss 0,62 0,82mm. There was no statistical difference in probing depth, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding compared with different oral hygiene, but there was statistical difference in gingival recession compared with different oral hygiene.

Conclusion: Clinical evaluation of peri implant tissue showed good condition. "

"Latar Belakang: Hormon kortisol dalam cairan krevikular gingiva belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan stres akademik terhadap status penyakit periodontal melalui kadar kortisol pada mahasiswa program spesialis FKG UI. Material dan metode: Pemeriksaan Graduate Dental Environtmental Stress (GDES), indeks periodontal (indeks periodontal modifikasi Russel), dan kadar kortisol dengan ELISA assay terhadap 38 subjek. Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara stres akademik dengan kadar kortisol (p=0,431), stres akademik dengan status penyakit periodontal (p=0,727), dan kadar kortisol dengan status penyakit periodontal mahasiswa spesialis FKG UI (p=0,347). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara stres akademik dengan status penyakit periodontal melalui kadar kortisol.

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Background: Relationship between stress and periodontitis with cortisol hormone in crevicular gingival fluid have not been studied.

Objective: Analyzed relationship between academical stress spesialist students to periodontal status in relation to level of cortisol hormone in gingival crevicular fluid.

Material and Methods: 38 subjects examined stress by Graduate Dental Environment Stress; periodontal condition by modified Russel periodontal index, levels of hormone cortisol by ELISA.

Result: Relationship between stress and periodontitis (p=0,727), stress and cortisol hormone (p=0,431), cortisol hormone and periodontitis (p=0,347) were not significant.

Conclution: No relationship between stress, periodontitis, and level of cortisol hormone."