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"Belum banyak bukti ilmiah yang mendukung efektivitas cuka apel. Namun, penggunaannya sebagai agen penurun berat badan telah semakin meluas. Bahkan, di berbagai iklan penjualan produk, suplemen makanan ditampilkan seolah-olah memiliki manfaat seperti obat. Untuk itu, peneliti mengadakan penelitian eksperimental dan hipotesis yang akan diuji adalah efektivitas cuka apel tak sebaik yang dimiliki obat standar dalam menurunkan berat badan tikus strain Sprague Dawley. Tikus Sprague Dawley dengan berat 190- 250 gram digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Ada 24 ekor tikus yang terbagi ke dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (sebagai kontrol negatif), kelompok mazindol (sebagai kontrol positif), dan kelompok cuka apel. Ketiganya mendapat jenis makanan dan minuman yang sama. Berat badan dan tingkah laku tikus diamati selama dua minggu. Data berat badan sebelum dan sesudah terapi diambil dan dianalisis menggunakan uji hipotesis One Way Anova. Peneliti mendapati tidak adanya penurunan berat badan pada ketiga kelompok perlakuan. Akan tetapi, berat badan tikus terus mengalami peningkatan dari hari ke hari. Data peningkatan berat badan tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok cuka apel (p = 0,012). Sementara itu, tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna terlihat baik antara kelompok kontrol dan mazindol maupun kelompok mazindol dan cuka apel.

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There is not much scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar. However, its use as a weight loss agent has been increasingly widespread. In fact, in various advertising sales of products, food supplements appear as if it has benefits such as drugs. For that reason, researchers conducted experimental research and hypotheses to be tested is not as good as the effectiveness of apple cider that has a standard drug in losing weight strain of Sprague Dawley rats. Sprague Dawley rats weighing 190-250 grams are used as samples in this study. There were 24 rats divided into 3 groups, namely the control group (as a negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple vinegar. All of those got kind of the same foods and beverages. Weight and attitude of rats were observed for two weeks. Weight data before and after therapy was taken and analyzed using One Way Anova test hypotheses. Researchers found no change in body weight in all three treatment groups. However, the weight of rats continued to increase from day to day. Weight gain data showed a statistically significant difference between control group and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0.012). Meanwhile, there is no significant differences either between control group and mazindol group or between mazindol group and apple cider vinegar group."

"Cuka apel merupakan salah satu suplemen makanan yang diklaim dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan berat badan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, jumlah bukti ilmiah yang mendukung pendapat tersebut masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengadakan sebuah penelitian dengan metode eksperimental dan berhipotesis bahwa cuka apel dapat menurunkan berat badan tikus strain Sprague Dawley. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 24 ekor Sprague Dawley dengan berat 190-250 gram sebagai hewan coba. Tikus-tikus ini dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (sebagai kontrol negatif), kelompok dietilpropion (sebagai kontrol positif), dan kelompok cuka apel. Ketiga kelompok perlakuan diberi makanan dan minuman dengan jumlah dan jenis yang sama. Selama dua minggu penelitian, dari hari ke hari berat badan dan tingkah laku tikus diamati. Data berat badan sebelum dan sesudah terapi dianalisis secara statistik. Pada akhir penelitian, peneliti tidak menemukan adanya penurunan berat badan pada ketiga kelompok perlakuan, akan tetapi efek sebaliknya terjadi peningkatan berat badan tikus. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok cuka apel (p = 0.012 ). Namun, antara kelompok dietilpropion dan cuka apel tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna. Hal ini juga ditemukan antara kelompok dietilpropion dan cuka apel.

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Apple cider vinegar is one of food supplements that commonly used to reduce body-weight by Indonesian citizens. But, there is only few scientific proof that supports this opinion. Therefore, researcher held an experimental study and hipotized that apple cider vinegar could reduce the body weight of Sprague Dawley rats. In this study, 24 rats with body weight 190-250 gram are used as experimental animal. These mice were divided into 3 groups, control group (as negative control), diethylpropion group (as positive control group), and apple cider vinegar group. These 3 groups were given the same amount and type of food and drink. For 2 weeks, the body weight and the attitude of mice were observed day by day. The data of mice?s body weight before-and-after treatment were analyzed statistically using SPSS program. In the end of the study, researcher didn?t find any body-weight loss on the 3 groups, but the result of statistical analytic showed that there was significant difference between control group and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0.012). In the other hand, no significant difference found between diethylpropion group and apple cider vinegar group, as well as between dietyhlpropion group and apple cider vinegar group."

"[ABSTRAKCuka apel telah lama digunakan untuk menekan nafsu makan dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan berat badan. Namun, belum banyak bukti penelitian ilmiah yang membuktikan pengaruh penekanan nafsu makan tersebut. Dengan demikian peneliti melakukan sebuah studi eksperimental dengan hipotesis yang akan diuji adalah efektivitas cuka apel dalam menurunkan nafsu makan tikus tidak sebaik yang dimiliki mazindol. Jenis tikus yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah tikus Sprague Dawley dengan berat 190- 250 gram. Sampel berjumlah 24 ekor dan dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (sebagai kontrol negatif), kelompok mazindol (sebagai kontrol positif), dan kelompok cuka apel. Semua sampel mendapat perlakuan yang sama. Nafsu makan, yang ditunjukkan oleh berat sisa makanan yang diamati selama 2 minggu. Data berat sisa makanan dianalisis menggunakan uji hipotesis One Way Anova dan uji Post Hoc. Peneliti mendapati ada perbedaan bermakna secara statistik berat sisa makanan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok cuka apel (p = 0,000) dengan uji One Way Anova dan (p = 0,000) dengan uji Post Hoc. Sementara itu, tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna terlihat pada kelompok kontrol dan mazindol (p = 0,623)dengan uji Post Hoc. Dengan demikian disimpulkan efektivitas cuka apel dalam menurunkan nafsu makan lebih baik daripada mazindol.

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ABSTRACTApple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter. Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is control group (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test. Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol.;Apple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter.Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is controlgroup (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test.Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol., Apple cider vinegar has beend used for ages in suppressing appetite in order to lose weight. Meanwhile, there are only few valid studies regarding this matter.Thereby, researcher conducted an experimental study and define the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar is not as good as mazindol for suppressing appetite as the hypothesis. Researcher used Sprague Dawley strain rats which weight are 190-250 grams as research sample. Twenty four rats devided into 3 groups, that is controlgroup (as negative control), mazindol group (as positive control), and apple cider vinegar group. All samples given same treatment. Appetite assessed by the weight of leftovers which has been monitored for 2 weeks. The data of leftovers analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Hoc hyphoteses tests. Researcher found that there is significance difference of leftovers between control and apple cider vinegar group (p = 0,000) using One Way Anova test and (p = 0,000) using Post Hoc test.Meanwhile there is no significance difference between control and mazindol group (p = 0,623) using Post Hoc hypothesis test. In conclusion, the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar in suppressing appetite is better than mazindol.]"

"ABSTRAK Pendahuluan. Kesulitan dalam tatalaksana defek tulang yang luas merupakan salah satu tantangan dewasa ini. Selain tatalaksananya yang kompleks juga dapat memberikan dampak jangka panjang negatif yang berat. Penggunaan BMP-2 dalam tatalaksana fraktur dengan defek tulang yang luas memegang peranan penting. BMP-2 berperan pada proses osteogenesis dan chondrogenesis dan menghambat osteoclastogenesis melalui RANKL signaling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari perbedaan dosis BMP-2 terhadap penyembuhan fraktur dengan defek tulang yang luas. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Animal Gizi di FKUI dan Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi FKUI-RSCM, pada bulan Juli hingga September 2015. Desain penelitian adalah randomized post test control group. Sejumlah 25 ekor tikus putih Sprague Dawley dengan usia 3-4 bulan dan berat badan antara 250 ? 350 gram, dibagi secara acak menjadi kelompok kontrol hidroksiapatit (HA) saja dan kelompok kombinasi HA + BMP-2 1 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 5 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 10 μg/ml, HA + BMP-2 20 µg/ml. Tiap kelompok dilakukan tindakan berupa frakturisasi dengan defek tulang 10mm pada femur kanan dan dilakukan fiksasi interna dengan menggunakan intramedullary k-wire ukuran 1,4 mm secara retrograd. Setelah 6 minggu dilakukan penilaian secara histomorfometri, radiologis dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara histomorfometri ditemukan terdapat perbedaan rerata total area kalus yang bermakna diantara kelompok penelitian (p<0,001),terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area penulangan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,009, p=0,016, p=0,009 dan p=0,016), terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area kartilago antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,009, p=0,009, p=0,009 dan p=0,028), terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata area fibrosis antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml dengan kelompok kontrol dan 10 μg/ml(masing-masing p=0,047 dan p=0,009).Secara radiologis dengan RUST score didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml (masing-masing p=0,005, p=0,006, p=0,005 dan p=0,006). Dengan SEM didapatkan gambaran kalus yang lebih homogen dan padat pada kelompok 10μg/ml dibandingkan dengan 5 μg/ml dan 20 μg/ml. Kesimpulan: Pemberian BMP-2 dapat menstimulasi proses penyembuhan fraktur pada defek tulang luas (critical bone defect) yang bermakna secara statistik, histomorfometri, radiologis maupun secara kualitatif dengan SEM. Terdapat dosis optimal dalam pemberian BMP-2.ABSTRACT Introduction: Difficulties in the management of extensive bone defects is one of today's challenges. It is not only complex treatment but also can provide long-term negative severe effects. The use of BMP-2 in the treatment of fractures with extensive bone defect plays an important role. BMP-2 plays a role in the process of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL signaling. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in doses of BMP-2 on the healing of the fracture with extensive bone defects. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition at the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) in July until September 2015. The study design was randomized posttest control group. A number of 25 Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and bodyweight between 250-350 grams, were randomly divided into a control group of hydroxyapatite (HA) alone and HA+BMP-2 1 µg / ml, HA+BMP -2 5 ug / ml, HA + BMP-2 10 µg / ml, HA + BMP-2 20 ug / ml. Each group carried out fracturization with 10mm bone defect in right femur and internal fixation by using intramedullary K-wire size of 1.4 mm retrograde. After 6 weeks we did histomorfometri assessment, radiological and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: Based on the research results histomorfometrcally found there are differences in the mean total area of ​​callus significantly between the study group (p <0.001), there were significant differences in the mean area of ​​woven bone between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.016, p = 0.009 and p = 0.016), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​the cartilage between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.009, p = 0.009 and p = 0.028), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​fibrosis between the control group with group 1 ug / ml in the control group and 10 mg / ml (respectively -masing p = 0.047 and p = 0.009) .In radiologist assessment with RUST scores obtained significant differences between the control group and group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 µg / ml (respectively p = 0.005 , p = 0.006, p = 0.005 and p = 0.006). SEM features with callus more homogeneous and dense in the group of 10μg / mL compared with 5 ug / ml and 20 µg / ml. Conclusion: Administration of BMP-2 could stimulate the process of fracture healing in large bone defects (critical bone defect) which was statistically significant with histomorfometri assestment, radiological and qualitatively with the SEM. There is an optimal dose in the administration of BMP-2.;Introduction: Difficulties in the management of extensive bone defects is one of today's challenges. It is not only complex treatment but also can provide long-term negative severe effects. The use of BMP-2 in the treatment of fractures with extensive bone defect plays an important role. BMP-2 plays a role in the process of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL signaling. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in doses of BMP-2 on the healing of the fracture with extensive bone defects. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition at the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) in July until September 2015. The study design was randomized posttest control group. A number of 25 Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and bodyweight between 250-350 grams, were randomly divided into a control group of hydroxyapatite (HA) alone and HA+BMP-2 1 µg / ml, HA+BMP -2 5 ug / ml, HA + BMP-2 10 µg / ml, HA + BMP-2 20 ug / ml. Each group carried out fracturization with 10mm bone defect in right femur and internal fixation by using intramedullary K-wire size of 1.4 mm retrograde. After 6 weeks we did histomorfometri assessment, radiological and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: Based on the research results histomorfometrcally found there are differences in the mean total area of ​​callus significantly between the study group (p <0.001), there were significant differences in the mean area of ​​woven bone between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.016, p = 0.009 and p = 0.016), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​the cartilage between the control group with group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 ug / ml (respectively p = 0.009, p = 0.009, p = 0.009 and p = 0.028), there were significant differences in the average area of ​​fibrosis between the control group with group 1 ug / ml in the control group and 10 mg / ml (respectively -masing p = 0.047 and p = 0.009) .In radiologist assessment with RUST scores obtained significant differences between the control group and group 1 ug / ml, 5 µg / ml, 10 µg / ml, 20 µg / ml (respectively p = 0.005 , p = 0.006, p = 0.005 and p = 0.006). SEM features with callus more homogeneous and dense in the group of 10μg / mL compared with 5 ug / ml and 20 µg / ml. Conclusion: Administration of BMP-2 could stimulate the process of fracture healing in large bone defects (critical bone defect) which was statistically significant with histomorfometri assestment, radiological and qualitatively with the SEM. There is an optimal dose in the administration of BMP-2."

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang berfungsi meningkatkan energi orang yang meminumnya. Oleh karena itu, minuman ini banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Minuman berenergi umumnya mengandung kafein, suatu zat yang berpotensi menurunkan berat badan dan menaikkan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat mengenai seberapa jauh minuman berenergi dapat mempengaruhi berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung pada 14 Desember 2011-2 Januari 2012. Eksperimen dilakukan kepada lima belas ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang masing-masing mendapatkan minuman berenergi merek 'C', kafein, atau plasebo. Setiap tikus diberi minuman berenergi sesuai dosis dan diamati berat badan serta aktivitasnya. Penelitian menunjukkan berat badan tikus yang mengonsumsi 'C', kafein, dan akuades tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,05). Namun aktivitas fisik berbeda secara bermakna (p>0,05). Efek yang tidak bermakna terhadap berat badan mungkin disebabkan zat-zat yang terkandung dalam minuman berenergi, di mana kafein dan ginseng memiliki efek menurunkan berat badan tapi vitamin B, taurin, dan sebagainya justru meningkatkannya. Namun kafein memiliki efek menghambat adenosin sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisik secara bermakna.

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Energy drink is a kind of drink that functions to enhance the energy of people who drink it. It's commonly consumed by people. Energy drink commonly contains caffeine, a substance with the potential of reducing weight and increasing physical activity. So, in this research, we want to give people some informations about the effect of energy drink in gaining weight and enhancing physical activity. The collection of data started from 14th December, 2011 until 2nd January, 2012. Experiment is applied to fifteen rats from Sprague-Dawley strain which is separated to three groups and each of groups get 'C' energy drink, pure caffeine benzoate, and placebo (water). After that, their weight gain and physical activity were observed. This research shows that the weight between the rats that were given 'C', caffeine, and water don't show any significant correlation (p<0,05) but there is significant correlation in terms of physical activity (p>0,05). The insignificant correlation on weight gain may be caused by the substances inside the energy drink, in which caffeine and ginseng can reduce weight but the opposite can be caused by taurine and vitamin B. But caffeine can also inhibit the adenosine so that physical activity will be increased significantly."

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Minuman berenergi mengandung kafein, sebuah zat yang menurunkan berat badan dan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan dari 496 mahasiswa, 51% mahasiswa meminum lebih dari satu minuman energi dalam setiap bulan. Selain itu, 30-50 % anak-anak, dan dewasa di Amerika Serikat mengonsumsi minuman berenergi. Sehubungan penelitian tersebut, kami ingin mengetahui pengaruh minuman Merk A terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung dari 14 Desember 2011-2 Januari 2012. Eksperimen diterapkan kepada 15 ekor tikus dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok dan tiap kelompok mendapatkan minuman Merk A, Kafein dan Akuades. Selanjutnya, tikus diberi bahan uji dalam dosis tertentu dan diamati aktivitas serta berat badannya. Penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kenaikan berat badan tikus yang meminum Merk A, Kafein dan Akuades ( p >0.05). Meskipun begitu, terdapat kenaikan aktivitas fisik yang bermakna ( p<0.05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh minuman berenergi terhadap berat badan tidak ada, namun tidak terhadap aktivitas fisik.

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Energy drink is beverage commonly consumed by people. It contains caffeine, a substance can reduce body weight and increase physical activity. A research in United States shows that from 496 students, 51% of them drink more than one bottle of energy drink per month. Also, 30%-50% children and adults in U.S consume them. From this research, we want to know the effect of Merk A to body weight and physical activity.

Data collected from December 14th , 2011 until January 2nd, 2012. Experiment was applied to 15 rats that are differentiated into three groups and each group got Merk A, Caffeine, and Aquadest. After they consume it, they were monitored in term of their weight and physical activity.

The research shows that there isn't significance increase in weight of rats that consume Merk A, Caffeine and Aquadest (p> 0.05). However, there is a significance increase to their physical activity (p<0.05). It can be concluded that energy drink gives no impact to body weight but it affects physical activity."

"Minuman berenergi merupakan minuman yang diproduksi secara besar-besaran Target penjualan utama adalah remaja. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2008 konsumsi minuman berenergi mencapai 35,8 juta dan mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 14% setiap tahunnya. Minuman berenergi pada umumnya mengandung kafein, suatu zat yang dapat mempengaruhi berat badan dan Aktivitas fisik.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh antara minuman berenergi terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik. Pengumpulan data berlangsung dari 14 Desember 2011 sampai 2 Januari 2012.Eksperimen dilakukan pada15 ekortikus yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga dan setiapkelompok mendapatkan minuman berenergiMerek E, Kafein benzoat dan akuades. Tikus setiap hari diberi minuman tersebut sesuai dengan kelompok dan dosisnya.Setelah pemberian minuman tersebut dicatat aktivitas fisik dan berat badan dari tikus tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan berat badan tikus yang mengonsumsi minuman berenergiMerek E, Kafein dan Akuades (p<0.05). Terdapat kenaikan aktivitas fisik yang bermakna pada tikus yang mengonsumsi minuman berenergiMerek Edan Kafein terhadap Akuades ( p<0.05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman berenergi Merek E memiliki pengaruh terhadap berat badan dan aktivitas fisik.

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Energy drink is beverage that is produced in large amounts. The main consumers of this beverage is teenager. A research shown that the consumption of enegy drink reached 35.8 millions in 2008, and growth until 14% per year. Commonly, Energy drink contains caffeine, a substance that can be used to reduce body weight and to increase physical activity. From this research, we want to know the effect of MerkE to body weight and physical activity.

Data collection started from December 14, 2011 till January 2, 2012. Experiment was applied to 15 rats that are differentiated into three groups and each group gets energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine, and Aquadest. After they consume energy drink with particular dosage, they will be monitored in term of their weight and physical activity.

From the research, it can be found there is significance increase in weight of rats that consume energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine and Aquadest (p< 0.05). And there is a significance increase to their physical activity to the rats that consume energy drinkMerk E, Caffeine and Aquadest (p<0.05). It can be concluded, through this research, that energy drink gives no impact to body weight but it affects physical activity."

"Latar Belakang: Ti-6Al-4V merupakan material implan yang sering digunakan untuk aplikasi biomedis, tetapi biaya produksi yang masih mahal. Sehingga diperlukan perlakuan panas untuk mengurangi biaya produksi dengan hasil produk yang optimal. Salah satu syarat diterimanya material implan yaitu harus kompatibel dengan jaringan sekitar. Tujuan: Mengamati efek implantasi material implan Ti-6Al-4V ELI dengan perlakuan panas 850°C pada regenerasi tulang femur tikus yang diamati melalui gambaran histologi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekperimental pada 2 tikus betina Sprague Dawley di setiap kelompok. Terdapat 3 kelompok penelitian yang mencakup kelompok kontrol normal, kelompok kontrol defek, serta kelompok perlakuan yang diberi defek dan diimplantasi bahan uji material implan Ti-6Al-4V ELI dengan perlakuan panas 850°C. Tikus dikorbankan pada minggu ke-4 lalu dilakukan pengamatan histologis menggunakan skoring histologi Salkeld yang dimodifikasi. Hasil: Hasil skor histologi pada kedua sampel kelompok kontrol defek dan sampel-1 kelompok perlakuan yaitu 2 yang menandakan proses pembentukan tulang baru mencapai tahap pembentukan fibrokartilago. Pada sampel-2 kelompok perlakuan didapatkan hasil skor histologi 3 yang menandakan proses pembentukkan tulang sudah mencapai tahap terjadinya mineralisasi kartilago. Kesimpulan: Implantasi material implan Ti-6Al-4V ELI dengan perlakuan panas 850°C dapat diterima oleh jaringan tulang disekitarnya diamati dari proses regenerasi tulang yang ditunjukkan oleh adanya fibrosa, fibrokartilago, dan kartilago yang termineralisasi. 

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Background: Ti-6Al-4V is an implant material that is often used to biomedis application but the production costs are still expensive, so that heat treatment is needed to reduce production costs with optimal product results. One of the conditions for implant material is that it must be compatible with surrounding tissue.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Ti-6Al-4V ELI implan material implantation with 850°C heat treatment on the regeneration of rat femoral bone observed through histology.

Method: This study used an experimental study design with two female Sprague Dawley Rattus novergicus rat on each group. There were three observation groups including normal control group, defect control group, and one treatment group that was given a defect and implanted by the implant material (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) with 850° C heat treatment. Rats were sacrificed in the fourth week and performed histological observation using modified Salkeld scoring.

Result: The results obtained from histological scoring of 2 samples of control group and sample-1 of treatment group are 2 which indicate that they reached the formation stage of fibrocartilago tissue. The histological results of sample-2 treatment groups is 3 which indicates the recovery process have reached mineral cartilage mineralization.

Conclusion: Implantation of Ti-6Al-4V ELI implant material with 850°C heat treatment is acceptable within the nearest bone tissue, observed from bone regeneration process which is indicated by the presence of fibrous, fibrocartilages, and mineralized cartilages."

"Latar Belakang: Ti-6Al-4V adalah salah satu bahan implan yang paling umum digunakan. Dalam upaya mengurangi biaya produksi implan titanium, bahan dipanaskan untuk mengoptimalkan produk akhir mereka. Salah satu kondisi yang perlu dipenuhi untuk bahan implan baru adalah biokompatibilitas bahan untuk jaringan di sekitarnya. Tujuan: Untuk memahami efek implantasi material implan Ti-6Al-4V ELI yang dipanaskan pada 10500C pada tulang paha tikus Sprague Dawley melalui studi histologis. Metode: Desain penelitian eksperimental digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan tikus Sprague Dawley betina yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kelompok perlakuan; kelompok kontrol normal; dan kelompok kontrol cacat, yang dibuat lubang pada tulang paha. Dua tikus digunakan di masing-masing kelompok. Pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan, defek tulang paha diimplantasikan dengan material implan Ti-6Al-4V ELI yang dipanaskan 10500C. Tikus dikorbankan setelah empat minggu dan dievaluasi secara histologis menggunakan Salkeld Histological Scoring yang dimodifikasi. Hasil: Skor histologis kelompok sampel 1 yang diobati adalah 3 yang berarti regenerasi tulang yang hampir sempurna, ditunjukkan oleh penampilan tulang rawan mineral. Nilai untuk kelompok perlakuan sampel 2 dan kelompok kontrol cacat sampel 1,2 adalah 2, yang berarti regenerasi tulang hanya mencapai fase pembentukan fibrocartilage. Kesimpulan: Regenerasi tulang dapat diperoleh di sekitar lokasi implantasi 10500C yang dipanaskan Ti-6Al-4V ELI material implan yang ditunjukkan oleh adanya jaringan fibrosa, fibrocartilage, dan tulang rawan termineralisasi.

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Background: Ti-6Al-4V is one of the most commonly used implant materials. In an effort to reduce the cost of producing titanium implants, the material is heated to optimize their final product. One of the conditions that need to be met for new implant material is the biocompatibility of the material for the surrounding tissue.

Objective: To understand the effect of implantation of TiI 6Al-4V ELI material that was heated at 10500C on the femur of Sprague Dawley rats through histological studies.

Methods: The experimental research design used in this study with female Sprague Dawley mice was divided into three groups: the treatment group; normal control group; and the deformed control group, which made a hole in the femur. Two mice were used in each group. In the treated group, femur defects were implanted with the implant material 10500C EL-Ti-6Al-4V. Mice were sacrificed after four weeks and evaluated histologically using modified Salkeld Histological Scoring.

Results: The histological score of the sample group 1 treated was 3, which means almost perfect bone regeneration, indicated by the appearance of mineral cartilage. The values ​​for the sample 2 treatment group and the sample defect control group 1,2 are 2, which means bone regeneration only reaches the fibrocartilage formation phase.

Conclusion: Bone regeneration can be obtained around the implantation site of ELI Ti-6Al-4V implant material heated by 10500C which is indicated by the presence of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, and mineralized cartilage."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan pemberian ekstrak etanol rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) terhadap penurunan kadar SGPT dan SGOT darah tikus jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) Galur Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi CCl4. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok normal (KK1), kelompok perlakuan yang diinduksi CCl4 dengan dosis 1 ml/kg BB (KK2) dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak etanol rimpang temu mangga dengan 4 dosis yaitu 10, 20, 40, dan 80 mg/kg BB (KP1, KP2, KP3, dan KP4). Tikus diinduksi dengan karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) dosis 1 ml/kg BB, kemudian pemberian ekstrak etanol rimpang temu mangga dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dengan kurun waktu 48 jam. Berdasarkan hasil uji LSD (P<0,05) pada pengambilan darah yang terakhir menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara KK1 dengan KP2 dan KP1 dengan KP2, selain itu adanya perbedaan antar KK1 dengan KK2, KP1, KP3 dan KP4. Persentase penurunan rerata kadar SGPT dan SGOT dibandingkan dengan KK2 yaitu pada KP1 sebesar 51,20% dan 44,67%; pada KP2 sebesar 51,70% dan 44,95%; pada KP3 mengalami penurunan sebesar 50,17% dan 44,09%; dan pada KP4 mengalami penurunan sebesar 48,44% dan 43,40%. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukkan bahwa dosis 20 mg/kg BB tikus dapat menurunkan rerata kadar SGPT (66,62 U/l) dan SGOT (162,44 U/l) yang paling optimum hingga mendekati dosis pada kontrol normal.

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The present study was conducted to assess the effects of ethanol extract rhizome mango ginger (Curcuma mangga Val.) in reducing levels of SGPT and SGOT of CCl4-induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Thirty male rats were devided into six groups, consisting of normal control group (KK1), treatment control group (KK2) CCl4- induced, and treatment group in different doses, 10; 20; 40 dan 80 mg/kg bw (KP1, KP2, KP3 and KP4) respectively. Ethanol extract of rhizome mango ginger was given orally and administrated for four times in 48 hours. The results of LSD test (P <0.05) in the last blood sampling indicates that there is no difference between KK1 with KP2 and KP1 with KP2, but difference between KK1 with KK2, KP1, KP3 and KP4. Percentage reduction in mean levels of SGPT and SGOT compared with KK2 is in KP1 by 51.20% and 44.67%; on KP2 51.70% and 44.95%; the KP3 50.17% and 44.09%; and the KP4 48.44% and 43.40%. The results demonstrated that dose of 20 mg/kg bw can decrease the rate of SGPT (66,62 U/l) and SGOT (162,44 U/l) near to normal level in normal control group. "