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"Four studies using general attribute goals or spesific task goals revealed that attainment means cognitively activate the goals they are perceived to serve. A range of means replicated this effect including goal-directed activities, spesific behavioral strategies, or opportunities, assumed to afford effective goal pursuit. The increased accessibility of a currently pursued goal due to "bottom - up" priming by its attainment means improved task persistence and performance, whereas a similarly increased accessibility of a competing goal impeded task persistence and performance."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perceived social support dan psychological distress pada mahasiswa asing di Universitas Indonesia. Peneliti ingin melihat apakah terdapat hubungan pada kedua variabel tersebut dalam suatu populasi khusus, dimana mahasiswa asing tidak berada dekat dengan sumber dukungan sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif pada 121 mahasiswa asing UI melalui teknik non-random sampling dengan alat ukur HSCL-25 untuk mengukur tingkat psychological distress dan alat ukur MSPSS (Zimet, 1988) untuk mengukur perceived social support partisipan. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan korelasi signifikan (LOS 0.05, r=-.199, N=102, p<0.05, 2-tailed) antara tingkat psychological distress dan perceived social support pada mahasiswa asing di Universitas Indonesia dengan nilai.

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The main intention of this study was to find out about the relationship between psychological distress and perceived social support among foreign students in Universitas Indonesia. Researcher wanted to know about any relationship that might happen between those two variables on one special population as foreign student, whose sources of social support were separated in a far distance. This study used a quantitative approach on 121 foreign students in Universitas Indonesia using non-random sampling technique. HSCL- 25 was used to measure psychological distress and MSPSS (Zimet, 1988) to measure perceived social support. Based on the result, this study found that there was a significant correlation (LOS 0.05, r=-.199, N=102, p<0.05, 2-tailed) between psychological distress and perceived social support among foreign students at Universitas Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan social support dan resiliensi dengan distres psikologis pada mahasiswa di Indonesia. Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa berusia 18-25 tahun. Fenomena distres psikologis pada mahasiswa disebabkan oleh banyaknya tuntutan yang dibebankan pada mahasiswa dan sulitnya mencari sumber materi perkuliahan yang akan diikuti serta padatnya jadwal perkuliahan, sehingga untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan social support dan resiliensi bagi mahasiswa. Meski demikian, distres psikologis pada mahasiswa masih sering terjadi dan memiliki urgensi yang tinggi untuk diperhatikan dan diatasi. Penelitian terdahulu telah menemukan adanya interaksi resiliensi dalam pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap penurunan tingkat distres psikologis. Tipe penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan tiga skala penelitian dalam pengambilan data yaitu MSPSS mengukur social support, HSCL-25 mengukur distres psikologis, dan CD-RISC untuk resiliensi. Teknik accidental sampling dengan pengambilan data secara online sebanyak 417 responden dengan hasil bahwa social support dan resiliensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap distres psikologis. Implikasi penelitian yakni bagi mahasiswa untuk lebih menjalin komunikasi dengan teman, keluarga dan orang di sekitar agar mendapat dukungan sosial yang baik dan akan berdampak pada ketahanan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi setiap masalah sehingga distres psikologis akan menurun

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This study aims to determine the relationship between social support and resilience with psychological distress in Indonesian students. Respondents in this study were students aged 18-25 years. The phenomenon of psychological distress in students is caused by the many demands placed on students and the difficulty of finding the source of the subject matter to be followed and the busy lecture schedule, so that to overcome this, it requires social support and resilience to students. Even so, psychological distress in students is still common and has a high urgency to be noticed and overcome.

This type of quantitative research uses three research scales in data collection, namely MSPSS to measure social support, HSCL-25 to measure psychological distress, and CD-RISC for resilience. The accidental sampling technique used online data collection was 422 respondents with the result that social support and resilience had a significant effect on psychological distress. The research implication is for college students to better communicate with friends, family and people around them in order to get good social support and will have an impact on student resilience in facing every problem so that psychological distress will decrease"

"Contents:Social motivation : some introductory notes / David Dunning -- Interpersonal threats and automatic motives / Justin H. Park and Abraham P. Buunk -- Belonging motivation : establishing, maintaining, and repairing relational value / Mark R. Leary and Ashley Batts Allen -- Cultural variation in the motivation of self-expression / Heejung S. Kim and Thai Q. Chu -- Sharing motivation / Gregory M. Walton and Geoffrey L. Cohen -- Four forms of prosocial motivation : egoism, altruism, collectivism, and principlism / C. Daniel Batson, Nadia Ahmad, and E.L. Stocks -- Why do people get involved? Motivations for volunteerism and other forms of social action / Clelia Anna Mannino, Mark Snyder, and Allen M. Omoto -- Understanding the psychology of trust / David Dunning and Detlef Fetchenhauer -- Social endocrinology: hormones and social motivation / Pranjal H. Mehta and Robert A. Josephs -- Power basis theory : a psychoecological approach to power / Felicia Pratto ... [et al.] -- System justification theory as compliment, complement, and corrective to theories of social identification and social dominance / John T. Jost."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Peran ayah telah mengalami pergeseran makna dari masa ke masa. sehingga pada abad ke-20 dimunculkan sebuah istilah baru yaitu "new nurturant father". Istilah ini menekankan peran ayah yang aktif dalam kehidupan anak (Griswold dalam Lamb, 2010). Ayah yang ikut terlibat dalam pengasuhan bayi 0 - 12 bulan memiliki dampak yang positif maupun negatif bagi ayah. Salah satu dampak negatif yang dirasakan ayah ketika ikut terlibat dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0 - 12 bulan adalah psychological distress. Metode :Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan melihat hubungan antara skorpaternal involvement dan skor psychological distress. Penelitian ini menggunakanmetode kuantitatif dengan cara accidental sampling sebagai metode sampling.Data yang dianalisis oleh peneliti berjumlah 100 data ayah.Analisis Statistik : Peneliti menggunakan pearson correlation untukmembandingkan keterlibatan ayah pada pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulandengan psychological distress ayah.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan diantara variabel keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulan dengan variabel psychological distress ayah.Kesimpulan : Keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi berusia 0 - 12 bulan tidak menyebabkan munculnya psychological distress. Hal ini tidak sejalandengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di luar negri yang menyatakan bahwa keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan bayi usia 0 - 12 bulan berhubungan dengan psychological distress. Penyebaran responden berdasarkan usia, jenis pekerjaan,dan juga tingkat sosioekonomi dapat menjadi faktor yang menyebabkan hasil penelitian berbeda dengan hasil pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan analisis tambahan yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa banyak ayah cenderung memilih untuk tidak melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas yang langsung berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Paternal involvement has endured the shifting of meaning from time to time. In the 20th century, a new definition is introduced, "new nurturant father".This definition stresses in active father’s involvement in child's life (Lamb, 2010). An involved father in 0 to 12 months-aged baby parenting has a positive and negative impact to the father. One of the negative impact which is experienced by the father is psychological distress.

Methods : in this research, the author focuses on paternal involvement's score and psychological distress' score. The research uses quantitative methods with accidental sampling as the sampling's methods. The sum of the data which will be used is 100 father's data.

Statistical Analysis : The authors uses Pearson Correlation to compare the paternal involvement in 0-12 months-aged baby parenting with Father's Psychological Distress.

Results : The result shows that there is no significant relationship between paternal involvement variable and the father's psychological distress' variable.

Conclusion : paternal involvement in 0 to 12 months- aged baby parenting does not cause the psychological distress. This does not meet the research result which has been conducted overseas which states that father's involvement in 0 to 12 months-aged baby parenting is related to psychological distress. The respondent's spreading based on age, occupation, and also the socio-economical level may be the main reasons which cause the contradictive result of this research and the previous research results. Based on the additional analysis, the author finds out that most of the fathers intend to not to get involve in doing activities that related directly to child's development."