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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang tingkat kerentanan letusan Gunung Gede pada daerah sekitar Gunung Gede dan juga tingkat risiko bencana letusan Gunung Gede di Kecamatan Cipanas dengan menghitung pengaruh faktor bahaya, kerentanan dan kapasitas. Untuk menghasilkan kelompok desa rentan yang memiliki kemiripan data digunakan metode K-Means Cluster. Terdapat 44 desa/kelurahan di Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kabupaten Sukabumi yang berada di wilayah bahaya letusan Gunung Gede. Desa yang memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi memiliki karateristik lokasi berbatasan langsung dengan lokasi puncak Gunung Gede sehingga faktor bahaya menjadi faktor utama tingginya tingkat kerentanan disuatu desa, karateristik ini dimiliki oleh desa-desa di Kabupaten CIanjur. Kerentanan tinggi juga ditemukan pada daerah - daerah yang tidak berbatasan langsung dengan lokasi Gunung Gede namun memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi dikarenakan faktor kerentanan sosial,ekonomi dan fisik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan desa lain, karateristik ini dimiliki oleh desa-desa di Kabupaten Sukabumi yang berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Sukabumi. Nilai perkiraan kerugian akibat letusan Gunung Gede di Kecamatan Cipanas diperkirakan sebesar Rp 251,29 MilIar. Risiko letusan gunung gede dengan kelas risiko tinggi memiliki karateristik kerugian yang tinggi akibat bahaya letusan dan memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi. Desa dengan risiko rendah memiliki karateristik sebagian besar variabelnya memiliki nilai dibawah rata-rata dan juga memiliki kapasitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan desa lain.

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This study discusses the vulnerability of the eruption of Mount Gede in the area around Mount Gede and also the level of risk of the eruption of Mount Gede in District Cipanas with calculate the influence of factors hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities. The generate of susceptible vilages that have similar data using KMeans Cluster. There are 44 villages in Cianjur and Sukabumi district who are in the danger zone eruption of Mount Gede. Villages that have a high of vulnerability has a characteristic location immediately adjacent to the location of the summit of Mount Gede, so the main danger factor to the high level of vulnerability factors sector in the village, this characteristic is owned by the village - the village in Cianjur. And also high vulnerability was found in the area - areas not directly adjacent to the location of Mount Gede, but has a high degree of vulnerability due to the vulnerability factors of social, economic and physical higher than other villages, this characteristic is owned by the village - the village in Sukabumi district directly adjacent to the Sukabumi City. Estimated value losses due to the eruption of Mount Gede in Cipanas district is estimated at Rp 251.29 billion. The risk of big volcanic eruptions with a high risk class has a characteristic high losses due to the danger of the eruption and has a high of vulnerability. Villages with a low risk of having most of the characteristics variables have a value below the average and also has a higher capacity than the other villages."

"Dealing with volcanic and seismic activity, this book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. It addresses geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects; monitoring; and theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes."

"Kondisi geografis dan geologis wilayah Indonesia membuat lokasi di negara tersebut rawan terhadap bencana. Provinsi Jawa Barat sendiri berada dalam wilayah yang memiliki kelas risiko bencana sedang hingga tinggi untuk tahun 2015-2018. Berdasarkan data yang terekam, jenis bencana tertinggi yang terjadi di Provinsi Jawa Barat berupa tanah longsor sebanyak 3.232 kali di Tahun 2020. Penanganan yang diambil pasca bencana sering kali dirasa terburu-buru sehingga kerusakan akan terjadi kembali di lokasi yang sama, sehingga dibutuhkan penanganan kembali yang membutuhkan biaya konstruksi yang lebih tinggi. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan kajian terhadap risiko bencana. Penelitian difokuskan terhadap risiko bencana tanah longsor yang berdampak pada jalan dan jembatan pada ruas jalan nasional di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dengan didapatkannya titik-titik lokasi rawan bencana, diharapkan mampu diberikan rekomendasi teknis yang tepat untuk mengurangi dampak bencana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan studi literatur, pengumpulan data primer melalui survey lapangan, dan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui instansi terkait. Analisis indeks risiko dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode AHP, di mana pembobotan faktor dan indikator didapat berdasarkan hasil survey dari responden para ahli. Dari 5 faktor yang dianalisis, diperoleh bahwa faktor ancaman bahaya merupakan faktor yang paling dominan terhadap risiko bencana tanah longsor. Tingkat risiko bencana tanah longsor pada ruas jalan nasional di Provinsi Jawa Barat terklarifikasi ke dalam tiga tingkatan, yaitu 61 ruas jalan nasional (63%) berada pada klasifikasi rendah, 27 ruas jalan nasional (28%) berada pada klasifikasi sedang, dan 9 ruas jalan nasional (9%) berada pada klasifikasi tinggi.

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Geographical and geological areas in Indonesia are prone to disasters. West Java Province itself is in an area that has a moderate to high level of disaster risk in 2015-2018. Based on recorded data, the highest type of disaster that occurred in West Java Province was landslides as many as 3,232 times in 2020. The improper maintenance treatment taken after the disaster is often felt rushed so that the distresses will occur again at the same spot, hence re-treatment is needed which requires higher construction costs. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study of disaster risk. The research is focused on the natural disaster risk of landslides that have an impact on roads and bridges on national roads in West Java Province. By obtaining disaster-prone locations, it is hoped that appropriate technical recommendations can be given to reduce the impact of disasters. The research method used is by conducting a literature study, collecting primary data through field surveys, and collecting secondary data through relevant agencies. The risk index analysis was carried out by using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, where the weighting of factors and indicators was obtained based on survey results from expert respondents. Of the 5 factors analyzed, it was found that the vulnerability factor was the most dominant factor in the risk of landslides. The risk level of landslides on national roads in West Java Province is clarified into three levels, which 61 sections (63%) are in the low risk level, 27 sections (27%) are in the moderate risk level, and 9 sections (9%) are in the high risk level."

"Promoting Community's Pro-activeness in Confronting Natural Hazards through Community Based Disaster Management Organisation: The Case of Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung MerapiDue to its particular geo-morphological conditions, Indonesia has experienced numerous natural hazards of different types and frequencies. These natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, and landslides in most cases have led to natural disasters. Indonesia is placed third by the Asian Development Bank in its observation of 13 - Asian countries most susceptible to natural disasters Philippines and India, in terms of severity of the disasters and their cumulative frequencies of occurrence. Whereas a number of global decisions have been taken that signify the need to pay proper attention to disaster management as part of development, regretfully disaster management policy and programs in this disaster prone country have only been rhetoric. Measures by the Government, private sector and civil society including NGOs are largely relief and rehabilitation oriented rather than focusing on prevention and preparedness.

Relief responses invariably put the community affected by the natural disaster at the receiving end of assistance rather than actively involve the community in the process of the disaster management. This raises concerns since it is the affected community that suffers the most from any impacts of disaster occurrences, but at the same time it is inevitably the affected community that is in the position to provide initial assistance to the natural disaster victims. In addition to the lack of supports, efforts to promote disaster preparedness at the affected community level are challenged by the apprehension that the affected community adopts a fatalistic attitude in dealing with natural disasters. There is an assumption that particularly in developing countries, natural disasters have been accepted as acts of God over which communities have no control. Encouragingly, literature and cases from other countries have suggested that disaster management is most effective at the community level where specific local needs are met. They have also suggested the plausibility of establishing and developing a community based organization to perform the disaster management.

Looking into the country situation, however, there has been insufficient knowledge about community based disaster management organizations in Indonesia. Since this issue has not been addressed, this research studied Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung (PASAG) Merapi. This organization has been assumed to provide empirical evidence to answer the central research question of the plausibility of establishing and developing a community based disaster management organization in Indonesia. The study develops a framework to seek answer(s) to the ultimate question of whether PASAG (Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung) Merapi is indeed a community based disaster management organization. The answer(s) will be utilized to explain the above-presumed plausibility.

The framework explores the community based modality and disaster management proficiency dimensions of the study subject. The dimensions are further examined by assessment areas derived from the combination of the insights provided by the theories on Reasoned Actions, Disaster Management and Community Based Organization. The assessment areas within the community based modality dimension are:

1. the geographic proximity as the setting of the organization;

2. the shared problems the organization attempts to address;

3. its relation toward the government; and

4. its ability to accommodate issues arising in the community.

As to the other dimension, the study identified PASAG's proficiency in disaster management by assessing how far the organization applies risk reduction principles of hazard mitigation and vulnerability reduction as well as capacity strengthening measures in the pre-disaster phase. This research has focused on the pre-disaster phase due to the combined reasons of the limited scope of the study and the attribute of the phase indicative of a more pro-active attitude toward natural hazards compared to measures undertaken during and post disaster phases. The assessment areas on the proficiency in disaster management dimension are:

1. PASAG's performance to mitigate hazards in preparedness measures;

2. PASAG's performance to strengthen community's capacity for preparedness;

3. PASAG's performance to mitigate hazards in prevention measures; and

4. PASAG's performance to strengthen community's capacity for prevention

The assessment of both the community based modality and disaster management proficiency of Paguyuban Sabuk Gunung (PASAG) Merapi has provided sufficient evidence that this organization is a community based disaster management organization. This affirmative answer to the research question has confirmed the viability of establishing and developing such an organization in Indonesia. The case of PASAG also proves that the community has acquired competence in "deconstructing" (assessing and addressing) nature-induced disasters. This competence, which has enabled the community to exercise a calculated course of actions against natural hazards, is transferable to tackle other challenges namely political, economic, social, and environmental imperatives of community development as suggested by the Holistic Approach to disasters. The case, thus, has demonstrated how the Holistic Approach and its derivative Risk Reduction Paradigm, in which Community Based Disaster Management is anchored, at work advocating for the goal of Community Development for which a community based disaster management organization will play a significant role.

Arriving at this positive conclusion, the study puts forward academic recommendations including a proposed model of facilitating the establishment of a community based disaster management organization, recommendations for enabling policy in the area of disaster management, and practical suggestions for those involved in and committed to the development of PASAG Merapi."

"Tanah longsor merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi pada daerah yang memiliki iklim tropis basah yang lazim terjadi di Indonesia. Provinsi Riau adalah salah satu provinsi yang rutin mengalami kejadian longsor.  Pada Provinsi Riau, sepanjang dekade terakhir (2013-2022) telah terjadi 69 kejadian longsor dan diantaranya adalah kejadian tanah longsor yang memutus akses transportasi Jalan Nasional yang menghubungkan antara Provinsi Riau dengan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Adanya kejadian berulang pada lokasi longsor yang sama/berdekatan dalam jarak waktu yang dekat disebabkan oleh penanganan tanah longsor yang belum maksimal bahkan belum terlaksana, sehingga mempengaruhi efisiensi waktu dan biaya dari penanganan tanah longor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merekomendasikan strategi pengendalian risiko penanganan longsor,, mengidentifikasi hubungan antara efisiensi waktu dan biaya penanganan longsor dengan proses pemrograman dan perencanaan, dan merekomendasikan cara meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan biaya penanganan longsor dalam proses pemrograman dan perencanaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui in depth interview dengan narasumber dan survei kuesioner. Kemudian data diolah menggunakan metode statistik untuk dianalisis deskriptif dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis risiko kualitatif guna mendapatkan risiko dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi waktu dan biaya penanganan tanah longsor di Provinsi Riau. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya longsor di Provinsi Riau adalah Jenis tanah, Curah hujan, Kemiringan Lereng, Perubahan tata lahan seperti penggundulan hutan menjadi lahan basah yang menyebabkan terjadinya pengikisan oleh air permukaan dan menyebabkan tanah menjadi lembek, dan Sistem drainase daerah lereng yang tidak baik yang menyebabkan lereng semakin terjal akibat penggerusan oleh air saluran di tebing. Sedangkan, strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah Penambatan, Pembuatan Drainase, Identifikasi/Survei Faktor Risiko, Penyediaan Alokasi Anggaran Khusus, Identifikasi penanganan, Survei Inventarisasi Lereng dan Survei Inspeksi Lereng, dan Perencanaan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah (Semester).

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Landslides are one of the natural disasters that often occur in areas that have a wet tropical climate which is common in Indonesia. Riau Province is one of the provinces that regularly experiences landslides. In Riau Province, over the last decade (2013-2022) there have been 69 landslides and several was a landslide which cut off transportation access for the National Road that connects Riau Province with West Sumatra Province. The occurrence of repeated occurrences at the same/adjacent landslide locations in short period of time is caused by the landslide handling that has not been maximized or even has not even done, thus affecting the time and cost efficiency of landslide disaster risk control. The purpose of this study is to recommend a risk control strategy for landslide disaster risk control, to identify the relationship between time efficiency and cost of landslide disaster risk control with the programming and planning process, and to recommend ways to improve the efficiency of time and cost of landslide disaster risk control in the programming and planning process. This research was carried out by collecting data through expert validation and a questionnaire survei. Then the data is processed using statistical methods for descriptive analysis and then followed by qualitative risk analysis in order to obtain the dominant risk that affects the time efficiency and cost of landslide disaster risk control in Riau Province. The factors that most influence the occurrence of landslides in Riau Province are the type of soil, rainfall, slope, changes in land use such as deforestation to become wetlands which cause surface water to erode and cause the soil to become soft, and poor slope area drainage systems. which causes the slopes to become steeper as a result of being eroded by the channel water on the cliffs. Meanwhile, the strategies that can be carried out are Mooring, Making Drainage, Risk Factor Identification/Survei, Provision of Special Budget Allocations, Identification of handling, Slope Inventory Survei and Slope Inspection Survei, and Planning of the Medium Term (Semester) Expenditure Framework"

"Kota Surabaya bagian barat berada di antara dua patahan aktif, yaitu Patahan Surabaya dan Waru. Mikrozonasi seismik dan karakterisasi lokasi gempa di wilayah sekitar patahan sangat penting untuk pembangunan kota dan mitigasi potensi bencana akibat gempa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi tingkat kerentanan seismik di Kecamatan Tandes dan Sambikerep yang berada di bagian barat Kota Surabaya. Data mikrotemor diolah menggunakan metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) untuk mendapatkan nilai frekuensi dasar (f0) nilai amplifikasi (A0), dan kurva H/V. Inversi kurva H/V dilakukan untuk mendapatkan profil nilai kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs) terhadap kedalaman. Indeks kerentanan seismik tanah (Kg) dihitung berdasarkan nilai amplifikasi permukaan (A0) dan frekuensi dasar (f0). Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai frekuensi dasar (f0) di Kecamatan Tandes dan Sambikerep berkisar antara 0,5051-3,9541 Hz. Sebaran nilai faktor amplifikasi (A0) di Kecamatan Tandes dan Sambikerep berkisar antara 1,0250-4,1135. Indeks Kerentanan Seismik (Kg) di wilayah penelitian bervariasi antara 0.4602 hingga 15.3294. Kecamatan Tandes dan Sambikerep memiliki nilai Kerentanan Seismik (Kg) relatif rendah sehingga lebih aman untuk pembangunan infrastruktur daripada daerah bagian utaranya.

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The western part of Surabaya city is located between Surabaya and Waru active faults. Seismic microzonation and characterization of earthquake locations around fault areas are very important for city development and potential disaster mitigation caused by earthquakes. The objective of the research is to estimate the level of seismic vulnerability in the Tandes and Sambikerep districts located in the western area of Surabaya City. The microtremor data was processed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method to obtain fundamental frequency values (f0), amplification values (A0), and H/V curves. Inversion of H/V curves carried to obtain profiles of shear wave velocity values (Vs) versus depth. The soil seismic vulnerability index (Kg) is calculated based on the surface amplification value (A0) and fundamental frequency (f0). The research results show that the fundamental frequency (f0) value in Tandes and Sambikerep Districts ranges between 0.5051-3.9541 Hz. The amplification factor values (A0) in Tandes and Sambikerep Districts range between 1.0250-4.1135. The Seismic Vulnerability Index (Kg) of the study area varies from 0.4602 to 15.3294. Conclusion. Tandes and Sambikerep districts have relatively low Seismic Susceptibility (Kg) values. Therefore, these areas are safer for infrastructure building than the northern areas."

"ABSTRAKUntuk melakukan mitigasi bencana gempa bumi di Kabupaten Pandeglang, wilayah rawan gempa bumi dan wilayah kerentanan terhadap gempa bumi perlu ditentukan. Wilayah rawan gempa bumi Kabupaten Pandeglang ditentukan oleh nilai PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration), struktur geologi, litologi dan kemiringan lereng melalui sistem skoring. Setelah diketahui wilayah rawan gempa bumi maka diidentifikasikan grid yang mewakili wilayah tersebut sebagai daerah penelitian. Identifikasi rawan gempa bumi, kepadatan dan kualitas bangunan pada permukiman daerah penelitian dilakukan melalui sistem grid dan survei lapang. Dengan menganalisis rawan gempa bumi, kepadatan dan kualitas bangunan maka dihasilkan wilayah kerentanan terhadap gempa bumi di Kabupaten Pandeglang bagian barat (studi kasus sebagian Kecamatan Cigeulis, Cimanggu dan Sumur). Wilayah kerentanan tinggi terhadap gempa bumi terletak pada permukiman Desa Sumberjaya Kecamatan Sumur. Wilayah kerentanan sedang terletak pada permukiman Desa Cimanggu dan Tangkilsari Kecamatan Cimanggu. Sedangkan wilayah kerentanan rendah terletak pada permukiman Desa Tangkilsari Kecamatan Cimanggu, Desa Kertajaya dan Kertamukti Kecamatan Sumur.

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ABSTRACTTo mitigate damage from earthquake disaster in Pandeglang Regency, earthquake hazard region and vulnerability region to earthquake has to determined. Earthquake hazard region in Pandeglang Regency is determined by the value of PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration), geological structure, lithology and slope. To determine the hazard earthquake region, scoring method is used. After determine earthquake hazard region, grid which represents the earthquake hazard region is identified. The grid is research?s area. Earthquake hazard, density and quality of construction in settlements of research?s area are identified by grid system and survey. Vulnerability region to earthquake in the west Pandeglang Regency (case studies : part of Cigeulis, Cimanggu and Sumur District) is determined by analyzed earthquake hazard, density and quality of construction. High vulnerability region to earthquake is located in settlements of Sumberjaya Village Sumur District. Moderate vulnerability region to earthquake is located in settlements of Cimanggu and Tangkilsari Village Cimanggu District. Low vulnerability region to earthquake is located in settlements of Tangkilsari Village Cimanggu District, Kertajaya and Kertamukti Village Sumur District."

"Longsor merupakan bencana yag sering terjadi di Indonesia termasuk Kabupaten Kebumen. Sebaran potensi dan bahaya longsor dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode Indeks Storie. Tingkat potensi longsor Kabupaten Kebumen dikaji berdasarkan empat tipe curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, tekstur tanah, dan kerapatan sungai melalui penerapan metode indeks Storie dan bahaya longsor dengan penggunaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi longsor di Kabupaten Kebumen terbagi menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu sangat rendah, rendah dan sedang. Wilayah potensi longsor sedang mendominasi daerah Kabupaten Kebumen sekitar 60 , tersebar di kecamatan kecamatan bagian tengah dari barat sampai timur. Bahaya longsor di Kabupaten Kebumen berada pada lima tingkat, yaitu sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Hampir separuh dari wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen tergolong sebagai wilayah bahaya longsor sangat tinggi, tersebar di kecamatan kecamatan bagian tengah dari barat sampai ke timur Kabupaten Kebumen.

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Landslide is a frequent disaster in Indonesia including Kebumen Regency. Potential and hazard of landslide can be identified by the Storie Index method. The potential landslide level of Kebumen Regency is assessed based on four types of rainfall, slope, soil texture, and river density through the application of Storie index method and landslide hazard with land use. The results showed that the potential of landslides in Kebumen Regency is divided into three classes, namely very low, low and medium. Potential landslide areas are dominating the area of Kebumen Regency about 60 , spread in the middle from west to east. Hazard of landslide in Kebumen Regency is at five levels, which is very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Almost half of Kebumen Regency classified as a very high landslide hazard area, spread in the middle from west to east of Kebumen Regency."

"DAS Ciletuh di selatan Kabupaten Sukabumi masih berkembang dalam hal aksesibilitas, sumber pangan, pariwisata, dan penggunaan sumber daya lainnya. Tujuan riset ini untuk mengukur luas perubahan penggunaan lahan pada tingkat potensi longsor dan menganalisis pengaruhnya pada penggunaan lahan untuk merumuskan strategi penggunaan lahan berbasis ekosistem di DAS Ciletuh. Metode riset menggunakan Cellular Automata–Markov Chain untuk memprediksi penggunaan lahan tahun 2032, kemudian indeks Storie untuk mengetahui potensi longsor, analisis deskriptif untuk evaluasi penggunaan lahan berkelanjutan, dan Analytic Hierarchy Process untuk penyusunan rekomendasi strategi mitigasi risiko longsor. Hasil riset menunjukkan setiap sepuluh tahun terjadi penurunan luas hutan tidak sejenis dan hutan sejenis, sedangkan peningkatan luas pada permukiman, tegalan, dan perkebunan. Tiga perempat wilayah studi memiliki potensi longsor sedang, sedangkan wilayah berpotensi longsor tinggi terus bertambah. Daerah berpotensi longsor tinggi dan sangat tinggi berada pada lereng terjal dan sangat terjal yang digunakan untuk tegalan atau tanah terbuka. Baik masyarakat maupun ahli menganggap strategi keberlanjutan penggunaan lahan dengan intensifikasiekstensifikasi lebih diprioritaskan daripada diversifikasi dan migrasi, sedangkan aspek sosial budaya menjadi prioritas dalam mitigasi risiko longsor. Kesimpulan riset menunjukkan kapasitas sosial masyarakat dalam penggunaan ruang dan lahan, terutama secara intensif dapat menjadi alternatif keberlanjutan penggunaan lahan yang akan memitigasi risiko longsor di DAS Ciletuh.

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Ciletuh watershed in the southern of Sukabumi Regency is still developing regarding accessibility, food resources, tourism, and other resource management. This research aims to measure land-use change towards landslide potential and analyze its effect on land management to formulate ecosystem-based land management strategies in the Ciletuh watershed. This research uses Cellular Automata–Markov Chain to predict land-use change in 2032, Storie Index to determine landslide potential, descriptive analysis to evaluate land-use sustainability, and Analytic Hierarchy Process to formulate recommendations for landslide risk mitigation strategy. The result shows a decrease every ten years in unsimilar forests and similar forests. Meanwhile, the increase occurred in settlements, moors, and plantations. Three-quarters of the Ciletuh watershed has moderate landslide potential, whereas the high potential area for landslide increases. Areas with a high and very high potential for landslides are steep or very steep with various land use, either moor, settlement, or open ground. Both communities and experts consider intensification-extensification treatment for land use sustainability rather than diversification and migration. Meanwhile, sociocultural aspects prioritize landslide mitigation. The analysis results conclude that the community's social capacity for space and land use, especially intensively, can be an alternative to land-use sustainability that will mitigate the risk of landslides in the Ciletuh watershed."