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"ABSTRAKNyeri adalah pengalaman tidak menyenangkanakibat kerusakan jaringan bersifa tsubjektif dapat dinilai dari ekspresi wajah, gerakant ubuh,menangis dan istirahat dengan skala nyeri yang dapat digunakan adalah Neonatal InfantPain Scale (NIPS).Terapi nonfarmakologis mandiri dapat dilakukan perawat untuk meminimalisir nyeri neonatussetelah tindakan invasif. Pemberian kombinasi NNSdansukrosaefektifmengurangiresponnyerineonatussetelahpemasanganinfus.Penelitianinimerupakanpenelitianquasi experimental post test only control groupdesign. Sampelpenelitiansebanyak 20respondendibagimenjadikelompokintervensidankelompokkontrol. Analisis datamenggunakanujiindependent ttest.Kelompokintervensidengannilairesponnyeriterendah 0 dantertinggi 2dengannilaitengah 0,5. Kelompokkontroldengannilainyeriterendah 5 dantertinggi7 dengaannilaitengah 0,5. Rekomendasihasilpenelitianini, pemberiankombinasiNNS dansukrosasebagaiterapi nonfarmakologisuntukmengurangiresponnyerineonatussetelahpemasanganinfus.

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Abstract Pain is an unpleasant subjective response due to tissue disruption. In neonates, itcan be assessed by Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) from the facial expression,body movement, crying or resting behavior of the infant. Nurses may carry on thenon-pharmacological intervention to minimize the pain of the neonates afterinvasive procedures. One of the interventions is the combination of Non NutritiveSucking (NNS) and sucrose. This research was designed as the quasi experimentalpost test only control group research involving 20 participants in the control andintervention group. The data were analyzed using independent t-test. The researchfound the lowest pain response scale was 0 and the highest was 2, with the median0.5, in the intervention group. Whereas, in the control group, the lowest andhighest pain scales were 5 and 7, respectively, with median 0.5. This researchsuggests this combination of NNS and sucrose to reduce the pain response inneonates after intravenous catheter insertion."

"ABSTRAKNeonatus yang dirawat di rumah sakit sering mendapatkan tindakan yang menimbulkan nyeri. Sukrosa dan nonnutritive sucking (NNS) merupakan analgesik nonfarmakologi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui efektifitas sukrosa dan NNS terhadap respon nyeri dan lama tangisan neonatus yang dilakukan tindakan invasif.Desain penelitian adalah quasi experimental, rancangan postest only control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan nonprobability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 45 neonatus aterm yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, tiap kelompok 15 neonatus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon nyeri tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok sukrosa dan NNS (p=0,635). Lama tangisan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok sukrosa dan NNS (p=0,848). Umur merupakan variabel perancu yang memberikan pengaruh pada respon nyeri. Pemberian sukrosa maupun NNS terbukti dapat menurunkan nyeri dalam manajemen nyeri nonfarmakologi pada neonatus yang dilakukan prosedur invasif.

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ABSTRACT

Hospitalized neonates may experience pain caused by invasive procedures. Sucrose and non-nutritive sucking are non-pharmacological analgesics. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking administration on pain and crying duration of neonates during invasive procedures.

The study used quasi-experimental design with post-test only control group design approach. This study used nonprobability sampling technic with consecutive sampling. The sample consisted of 45 neonates, divided into three groups, each group of 15 neonates. The study used nonprobability sampling technic with consecutive sampling.

The results showed that the pain response and the crying duration were insignificantly different between the sucrose group and the NNS, respectively p=0,635 and p=0,848. Age was identified as a confounding variable that effected pain responses. Provision of sucrose and NNS proven to reduce pain as non-pharmacological pain management for neonates during invasive procedures."

"Pola isapan nutritif pada neonatus cukup bulan sehat penting untuk diketahui, namun selama ini belum ada bukti ilmiah yang tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pola isapan nutritif pada neonatus cukup bulan sehat berdasarkan berat badan lahir dan usia gestasi. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan potong lintang pada neonatus cukup bulan sehat di beberapa Puskesmas tingkat Kecamatan di Jakarta. Sebanyak 88 neonatus cukup bulan sehat dinilai karakteristik pola isapan nutritif dengan Sucking Mechanism System Equipment. Dari hasil penilaian tersebut, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada pola isapan nutritif neonatus cukup bulan sehat berdasarkan usia gestasi dan berat badan lahir. Rerata amplitudo tekanan isapan adalah -86,69 (76.0 – 102,68) mmHg, rerata frekuensi isapan 0,847 (0,717 – 0,97) isapan/detik, rerata durasi satu isapan nutritif 0,858 0,124 detik, rerata durasi satu burst 13,4 (8,49 – 22,48) detik, rerata jumlah burst dalam satu menit 3,74 1,53 burst/menit, rerata jumlah isapan per burst 15,36 (9,19 – 24,45) isapan/burst. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pola isapan nutritif terus berkembang seiring dengan peningkatan usia gesatasi dan berat badan lahir.

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Nutritive sucking pattern in healthy term neonates is important to know, but so far there is no scientific evidence available The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the nutritive suction pattern in healthy term neonates based on birth weight and gestational age. A cross-sectional approach was applied among healthy term neonates in several sub-district health centres in Jakarta. A total of 88 healthy term newborns were assessed for nutritional sucking pattern characteristics using the Sucking Mechanism System Equipment. The result showed no significant difference in terms of nutritive suction pattern based on gestational age and birth weight. The mean amplitude of suction pressure was -86.69 (76.0 - 102.68) mmHg, mean suction frequency was 0.847 (0.717 - 0.97) sucks/second, mean duration of a nutritional suction was 0.858 ± 0.124 seconds, mean duration of a burst was 13.4 (8.49 - 22.48) seconds, mean number of bursts per minute was 3.74 ± 1.53 bursts/minute, mean number of sucks per burst was 15.36 (9.19 - 24.45) sucks/burst. This study suggests that the nutritional sucking pattern continues to evolve with increasing age and birth weight"

"Pemasangan infus dapat menimbulkan nyeri pada anak. Guided imagery merupakan strategi nonfarmakologi yang dapat menurunkan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh guided imagery terhadap tingkat nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan sampel 28 intervensi dan 28 kontrol di RSUD Kota Semarang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata-rata tingkat nyeri anak pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Rata-rata nyeri pada intervensi 1,68 sedangkan kontrol sebesar 4,18. Guided Imagery dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri anak usia sekolah saat pemasangan infus.

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Intravenous therapy may cause pain in children. Guided imagery is one of nonfarmachology stategy that can reduce pain. This study aim is to identify the effect of guided imagery to the pain level in children during intravenous therapy. The research design is quasi-experimental with 28 children in intervention and 28 children in control as a sample in RSUD Kota Semarang.

The results showed there is a differences mean of pain level between control and intervention group. The average of pain level in intervention group 1.68 while the pain level in control group 4.18. Guided imagery can be used to reduce the pain level in school age children during intravenous therapy."

"Pengambilan darah intravena dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan traumatik pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh madu terhadap skor nyeri anak saat pengambilan darah. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Sampel diambil dengan consecutive sampling, terdiri dari kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan madu per oral (34 responden) dan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo (34 responden) usia responden 1-6 tahun. Skor nyeri dievaluasi dengan Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata skor nyeri anak pada kelompok madu dan kelompok plasebo (p=0,001). Peneliti menyimpulkan pemberian madu per oral dapat menurunkan skor nyeri pada anak saat pengambilan darah intravena.

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The intravenous blood taken can cause pains and be traumatic for child.This research has the aims to identify The influence of giving honey decreasing on the score of pain. The design of this research is quasi experiment. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling which consists of the intervened group who obtained honey per oral (34 respondents) and controlled group obtained plasebo (34 respondents) kelompok.The score of pains are evaluated with Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) respondents aged 1-6 years. The result of analysis shows there is a significant difference on the average score of pains between the intervened and controlled group (p=0,001). The researcher concluded that the giving of honey per oral can decrease the score of pains on child when the intravena blood taken.

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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Peternak memiliki risiko 5 kali lebih besar menderita nyeri punggung bawah NPB dibandingkan dengan pekerja sektor lainnya. NPB berulang menimbulkan masalah yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan NPB yang tidak berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko NPB berulang pada peternak sapi perah di Jawa Barat.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah UPTD Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak BPT-SP HPT Cikole dengan metode total sampling. Dilakukan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pengamatan cara kerja. Analisis data dilakukan dengan program statistik SPSS Statistics 20.0.Hasil. 117 peternak sapi perah, dianalisis untuk mendapatkan prevalensi dan faktor risiko NPB berulang. 92 subjek 78,6 mengalami NPB berulang. Faktor risiko determinan adalah posisi kerja membungkuk dengan OR sebesar 160,612 95 CI 14,609-1765,727, p = 0,0001 dan tidak adanya edukasi kesehatan di tempat kerja dengan OR sebesar 65,078 95 CI 4.874-868.883, p = 0,002 .Simpulan. Prevalensi NPB berulang pada peternak sapi perah sebesar 78,6 . Faktor risiko determinan NPB berulang pada peternak sapi perah adalah posisi kerja membungkuk dan tidak adanya edukasi kesehatan di tempat kerja.

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ABSTRACTAbstractBackground. Dairy farmers are five times more likely to have recurrent low back pain LBP compare to other workers. Currently, there was no study available regarding prevalence nor the risk factors contributing to this disease among dairy farmers in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinant factors of recurrent non specific LBP among dairy farmers.Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah UPTD Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak BPT SP HPT Cikole, using total sampling method. All subjects underwent interview, physical examination, and direct working observation. Analysis was done by using SPSS Statistics 20.0Result. 117 subjects included for prevalence study and analysis of recurrent non specific LBP determinants. 92 subjects 78,6 are diagnosed with recurrent LBP. Determinants for recurrent non specific LBP are bending position during working with OR 160,612 95 CI 14,609 1765,727, p 0,0001 and unavailability of health education program in workplace with OR 65,078 95 CI 4.874 868.883, p 0,002 .Conclusion. Prevalence of recurrent non specific LBP among dairy farmers is 78,6 . Identified determinant risk factors are bending position during working and unavailability of health education program in workplace."

"Masalah oksigenasi merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada neonatus. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori Comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada neonatus yang mengalami masalah oksigenasi. Empat dari lima kasus adalah bayi prematur. Penerapan teori Comfort pada kelima kasus dapat mendukung terpenuhinya rasa nyaman klien, sehingga konsumsi oksigen menurun, dan dapat mempertahankan saturasi oksigen yang optimal. Dengan penerapan teori ini, maka perawat akan memberikan intervensi yang sesuai dan tepat waktu, penuh perhatian dan empati, serta berfokus pada kenyamanan klien.

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Oxygenation problems are one of the causes of death in neonates.This paper aims to provide an overview of applications Kolcaba Comfort Theory in nursing care to neonates who have oxygenation problems. Four of the five cases were premature babies. Application of the theory of comfort on the fifth case can support the fulfillment of the client’s sense of comfort, so that oxygen consumption decreases, and can maintain optimal oxygen saturation. With the application of this theory, then the nurse will provide appropriate intervention andtimely, attentive and emphatic, and focused on client comfort."

"Prosedur pemasangan infus dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan juga trauma pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompres hangat dan dingin kering terhadap skala nyeri anak usia sekolah saat pemasangan infus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan kuasi eksperimen post test only non equivalent control group yang terbagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kompres hangat (15 responden), kompres dingin (15 responden) dan kontrol (15 responden).Hasil Uji statistik dengan Anova menunjukkan ada perbedaan pengaruh pada ketiga kelompok terhadap skala nyeri dengan p value = 0,0001; α: 0,05 dan hasil uji post hock menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompres dingin mempunyai mean difference paling besar yaitu -4,267. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka kompres dingin lebih efektif menurunkan nyeri, oleh karena itu kompres dingin lebih disarankan untuk diterapkan dalam menurunkan nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan prosedur pemasangan infus.

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IV canule insertion procedure can cause pain and also trauma in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dried warm and cold compress on pain rating scale of school-age children IV canule insertion. The study design used quasi-experimental post-test only non-equivalent control group, which were divided into three groups: warm compress (15 respondents), cold compress (15 respondents) and control (15 respondents).

Anova analysis showed there were differences in the effect of the three groups on the pain scale with p value = 0.0001; α : 0.05 and post hock test results showed that administration of cold compresses has the greatest mean difference (-4.267). Based on these results, the cold compress is more effectively to reduce pain, therefore, cold compress is recommended to be applied in reducing pain in children who carried IV canule insertion."

"[ABSTRAKTindakan invasif yang didapat anak selama dirawat menimbulkan reaksi nyeri.Perawat perlu mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan reaksi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan reaksi nyeri akibat tindakan invasif. Desain penelitian adalah penelitianobservasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilansampel dilakukan secara non probability sampling melalui consecutive samplingdengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Analisa data multivariatmenggunakan uji statistik regresi multinomial. Hasil analisis menunjukkanterdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketakutan dengan reaksi nyeri (p value= 0,018). Anak yang takut memiliki peluang 5 kali untuk terjadinya reaksi nyerikategori menghindar dibandingkan anak yang tidak takut. Perawat perlumelakukan intervensi keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi ketakutan pada anaksehingga reaksi nyeri kategori menghindar dapat diminimalkan.

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ABSTRACTInvasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.;Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance., Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction “avoidance” from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.]"