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"Since the 1980's there has been a growing phenomenon in Indonesia of women moving out to work overseas. The main destination countries of this movement is Saudi Arabia, but some other countries in the Middle East, such as Abu Dhabi< United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar have also important destinations in recent years. There are strong economic factors influencing labor migration such as dearth of job opportunities in the areas of their origin. However, the phenomenon in Indonesia has other important dimensions. The majority of Indonesian female labor migrants to Saudi Arabia work as domestic workers. Many of them had bas as well as good experiences working overseas in terms of have employers treated them. This paper is an elaboration on indonesian female migrant workers' experiences working in Saudi Arabia based on a study among returned migrants in their places of origin in Indramayu and Cianjur districts in West Java. West Java is known as one of Indonesian provinces where many international female labor migrants to the Middle East came from. The many cases of mistreatment and bad working experiences among Indonesian returned female migrants in the study area do not seem to deter a number of them to work in Saudi Arabia. Some returned female migrants in the study area believe that what they would experience during their work overseas depended on their fate."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berjudul ldquo;Analisis Kemandirian Ekonomi Pemuda Purna TKI Studi Tentang Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga Melalui Program Desa Migran Produktif Di Desa Kuripan Kabupaten Wonosobo rdquo;. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan field research dan studi evaluasi evaluatif research . Peneliti mengambil lokasi di Desa Kuripan Kabupaten Wonosobo sebagai pilot project program Desmigratif tahun 2016. Metode pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu informan secara sengaja dipilih sesuai dengan kapasitas informan. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisa Miles dan Huberman dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau berifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pemuda Purna Tenaga Kerja Indonesia selama ini belum bisa memanfaatkan dengan baik penghasilan selama bekerja di luar negeri, sehingga setelah kembali ke Indonesia pemuda purna TKI kesulitan dalam menghidupi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Pemberdayaan purna TKI melalui Desa Migran Produktif Desmigratif yang diharapkan untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada purna TKI agar lebih mandiri dan meminimalis keinginan bekerja kembali ke Luar Negeri ternyata tidak mampu memberikan manfaat secara finansial. Pelaksanaan program Desmigratif belum bisa membantu meningkatkan kemandirian dan ketahanan ekonomi keluarga pemuda purna TKI

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ABSTRACTThis research entitled 39 Self Economic Independence of Young Migrant Workers Study of Family Economic Resilience Through Productive Migrant Villages Program In Kuripan of Wonosobo Regency . This research uses qualitative approach with field research type field research and evaluation study evaluative research . Researchers took the location in the Village Kuripan Wonosobo as a pilot project of Desmigrative program in 2016. The method of selecting informants using purposive sampling technique is the informant intentionally selected in accordance with the capacity of informants. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman analysis with data reduction stages, data presentation, and conclusion or berivikasi. The result of this research is the Indonesian Youth Workers 39 Youth has not been able to make good use of their income while working abroad, so after returning to Indonesia the young man full of TKI difficulties in living their daily needs. The retribution of migrant workers through Productive Migrant Villages Desmigrative which are expected to provide training to returnees of Indonesian workers to be more independent and minimize the desire to work back to Foreign Affairs is not able to provide financial benefits. The implementation of the Desmigrative program has not been able to help improve the independence and economic resilience of the families of the young workers. "

"This study aims to describe and analyze the development of the harmonization of international conventions of migrant workers rights with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act and to examine the process of adopting the substance of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act. This study uses legal normative research method by reviewing principles, concepts of law and related legislations and regulations. The results of this study shows that: harmonization of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into Law No. 18 of 2017 is carried out through a transformation that refers to the position of international conventions in Indonesian national law; and the substance of international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers is adopted through two processes which are a political process of discussion of Amendment of Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 by the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia and civil society organizations and a legal processof referring Law No. 6 of 2012 in Amendment to Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 version of May 2016 and identifying seven findings to compare the Law No. 18 of 2017 and the ratification law of the Convention."

"Ketahanan keluarga yang kuat adalah aspek penting dalam rangka mengantisipasi datangnya ancaman atas terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sebuah keluarga. Kesanggupan sebuah keluarga untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan primer keluarganya juga disebut sebagai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI yang telah dipulangkan pada mengidentifikasi PMI yang terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi program pemberdayaan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara sebagai instrument utama. Informan terdiri dari perwakilan BP2MI (2) dan PMI purna yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang (7). Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ketahanan ekonomi keluarga, teori pemberdayaan masyarakat, ketahanan nasional dan konsep ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI setelah terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketahanan ekonomi PMI setelah mengikuti program pemberdayaan belum optimal.  Hal ini diukur dengan salah satu indikator ketahanan keluarga yang dirilis KemenPPA 2016. Strategi terhadap ketahanan keluarga PMI yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah harus memberikan dampak konkrit kepada PMI yang dipulangkan ke Indonesia.

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Strong family resilience is an important aspect in anticipating threats to the fulfillment of a families basic needs. The ability of a family to be able to provide for the primary needs of the family is also referred to as family resilience. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of the economic resilience of PMI families who have been sent home to identify PMI who are accommodated in empowerment programs  for the economic resilience of PMI families. This study uses a qualitative approach with informants consisted of BP2MI representatives (2) and full-time PMI is from Karawang Regency (7). The theories and concepts used in this study are the theory of family economic resilience, community empowerments theory, national resilience and the concept of family resilience. This study analyzes the condition of the PMI family’s economic resilience after being accommodated in the empowerment program. The results showed that PMI’s economic resilience after participating in the program was not optimal. This is measured by one of the family resilience indicator released by KemenPPA 2016. The strategy for PMI family resilience proclaimed by the government must have a concret impact on PMI who are repatriated to Indonesia."

"Layanan Terpadu Satu Atap (LTSA) untuk pekerja migran di Kabupaten Cirebon menjadi LTSA di Indonesia yang dalam mengelola layanannya menggunakan tata kelola kolaboratif. Tata kelola kolaboratif dilakukan dengan aktor non pemerintah yaitu International Labour Organization (ILO) dan juga Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia (SBMI) Kabupaten Cirebon serta Women Crisis Center (WCC) Mawar Balqis. Meskipun secara kesepakatan formal tata kelola kolaboratif ini telah berakhir di November tahun 2022, nyatanya tata kelola ini masih tetap berlanjut sampai pada saat ini dengan berbagai dinamika yang terjadi didalamnya. Selain itu, masih ada kekosongan aturan terkait pelaksanaan tata kelola kolaboratif ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses tata kelola kolaboratif pada LTSA untuk Pekerja Migran di Kabupaten Cirebon untuk mengetahui konteks sistem, pendorong dan dinamika tata kelola kolaboratif sesuai dengan teori Collaborative Governance Regimes (CGR) (Emerson & Nabatchi, 2015). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari indikator yang diturunkan dari teori CGR, hampir seluruhnya terpenuhi namun 2 (dua) indikator di antaranya masih terdapat catatan yang penting. Indikator tersebut terkait dengan kerangka regulasi atau aturan juga masih terdapat kekosongan yang perlu segera ditindaklanjuti untuk keberlanjutan tata kelola ini. Selain itu, sumber daya bersama khususnya anggaran masih belum memadai. Untuk itu, diharapkan pemerintah pusat dapat segera menciptakan aturan ditingkat Menteri atau badan terkait dengan tata kelola kolaboratif dalam LTSA. Selain itu, penyediaan anggaran juga perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah kabupaten Cirebon untuk keberlanjutan tata kelola kolaboratif.

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The One-Stop Integrated Service (LTSA) for migrant workers in Cirebon Regency has become LTSA in Indonesia which uses collaborative governance to manage its services. Collaborative governance is carried out with non-government actors, namely the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Cirebon Regency Indonesian Migrant Workers Union (SBMI) and the Mawar Balqis Women Crisis Center (WCC). Even though the formal agreement on this collaborative governance has ended in November 2022, in fact this governance is continuing today with various dynamics that occur in it. In addition, there is still a regulatory vacuum regarding the implementation of this collaborative governance. This study aims to analyze the process of collaborative governance at LTSA for Migrant Workers in Cirebon Regency to determine the system context, drivers, and dynamics of collaborative governance according to the theory of Collaborative Governance Regimes (CGR) (Emerson & Nabatchi, 2015). The results of the study show that from the indicators derived from the CGR theory, almost all of them are fulfilled, but 2 (two) indicators of which there are still important notes. These indicators are related to the regulatory or regulatory framework and there are still gaps that need to be followed up immediately for the sustainability of this governance. In addition, shared resources, especially the budget, are still inadequate. For this reason, it is hoped that the central government can immediately create regulations at the ministerial or agency level related to collaborative governance in LTSA. In addition, the regional government of Cirebon district also needs to provide a budget for the continuation of collaborative governance."

"Industri manufaktur berkontribusi sebesar 20,27% dari produk domestik bruto di Indonesia dan setiap tahunnya membutuhkan sekitar 600 ribu pekerja baru. Proporsi pekerja perempuan pada sektor ini cenderung stagnan pada rata-rata 45% dan rendah pada subsektor industri tertentu. Penelitian ini menganalisis produktivitas pekerja perempuan pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia sampai dengan 23 subsektor industri menggunakan model cross section data survey IBS (Industri Besar Sedang) tahun 2019 pada 28.641 perusahaan. Tujuan analisis adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan korelasi pekerja perempuan terhadap produktivitas perusahaan yang direpresentasikan melalui total output dibandingkan dengan total tenaga kerja (produktivitas tenaga kerja).

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Indonesia’s manufacturing sector contributes to 20.27% of the country’s gross domestic product. The sector absorbs approximately 600 thousand new labors annually. It is noted that the proportion of female workers in this sector is approximately 45% and even lower in certain subsectors. This study analyzes the productivity of female labors in Indonesian manufacturing sector within 23 subsectors by using the 2019 IBS survey data of 28,641 companies. The objective of the analysis is to identify the correlation of the female workers participation rates with the companies’ productivities, which is resulted from the ratio of total output and participation rate."

"Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) memiliki kerentanan yang cukup tinggi akan sindikat penempatan ilegal PMI terindikasi perdagangan manusia. Data Penempatan dan Pelindungan PMI menunjukkan masih adanya kenaikan PMI yang menjadi korban perdagangan manusia akibat penempatan ilegal. BP2MI selaku badan yang ditunjuk untuk melindungi PMI tentunya memiliki tugas untuk melakukan pelindungan PMI dari sindikat penempatan ilegal. Namun sayangnya, BP2MI memiliki keterbatasan wewenang terkait dengan proses penindakan dan penegakkan hukum pada para sindikat penempatan ilegal terindikasi perdagangan manusia ini. Oleh sebab itu, BP2MI kemudian membentuk Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat dan menunjukkan sejumlah hasil positif. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah melihat bagaimana kinerja dari Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat sebagai unit yang melindungi Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan melengkapi keterbatasan BP2MI. Kinerja dari Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat dianlisis menggunakan pendekatan konsep Multi Agency Anti-Crime dan pencegahan kejahatan.

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Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) have a fairly high vulnerability to the placement of illegal PMI syndicates with indications of human trafficking. PMI Placement and Protection data shows that there is still an increase in PMI who are victims of human trafficking due to illegal placements. BP2MI as the agency appointed to protect PMI certainly has a duty to protect PMI from illegal placement syndicates. But unfortunately, BP2MI has limited authority related to the process of taking action and enforcing the law on these illegal placement syndicates indicated by human trafficking. Therefore, BP2MI then formed a Sikat Sindikat Task Force and showed a number of positive results. The purpose of this paper is to see how the performance of the Sikat Sindikat Task Force as a unit that protects Indonesian Migrant Workers and complements the limitations of BP2MI. The performance of the Sikat Sindikat Task Force was analyzed using the Multi Agency Anti-Crime concept approach and crime prevention."

"Pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Isu kesehatan masyarakat kemudian menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pengambilan kebijakan dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) juga terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Pra Penempatan Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) Pasca Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia program perlindungan pra penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia CPMI telah dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh UPT BP2MI dengan memprioritaskan kesehatan pekerja migran pada masa pandemi ataupun pasca pandemi, serta mengimplementasikan kebijakan pelindungan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun faktor yang menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan pasca penempatan buruh Migran Indonesia yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dari perangkat yang terkait serta peraturan yang tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan kebijakan terkait pra penempatan calon pekerja migran. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah memberi pelajaran bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan pelindungan kepada CPMI yang bersifat fleksibel dan sesuai dengan isu termutakhir.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labour conditions in Indonesia. Public health issues then become the government's top priority in making policies in the labour sector. Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) are also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Implementation of Pre-placement Protection Policies for Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) after the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study of UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, and document collection. The results showed that the implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers pre-placement protection programme for prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers CPMI has been implemented optimally by UPT BP2MI by prioritising the health of migrant workers during the pandemic or post-pandemic, and implementing protection policies taken by the Government of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.The factors that become obstacles or constraints in the implementation of post-placement protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers are the lack of socialisation from related devices and inconsistent changes in regulations that in turn resulting in less than optimal implementation of policies related to pre-placement of prospective migrant workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided lessons for the Indonesian government to make protection policies for CPMI that are flexible and in accordance with the latest issues."