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"Kelahiran prematur merupakan penyebab terbesar kematian bayi. Perawatan metode kanguru atau PMK merupakan salah satu perawatan yang efektif bagi bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh PMK terhadap respon fisiologis bayi prematur dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam merawat bayi di dua rumah sakit di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah one-group pre dan post test. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada suhu tubuh, frekuensi denyut jantung, saturasi oksigen bayi prematur, dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam merawat bayi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan PMK. PMK dapat diusulkan menjadi tindakan rutin di ruangan perinatalogi rumah sakit.

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The main cause of neonatal mortality is premature birth. Kangaroo mother care is one effective care for preterm infants. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect kangaroo mother care on physiological response of preterm infants and self confidence of mother caring infants in two hospitals in Jakarta. The study design was one-group pre and post test. The result of study was founded that the are significant differencies between before and after kangaroo mother care intervention on physiological infants and self confidence of mother. Based on this study, there were some recomendations including kangaroo mother care usage as a part of routine care in hospital."

"Masalah pemberian nutrisi merupakan salah satu yang sering terjadi pada bayi prematur disebabkan imaturitas sistem gastrontestinal dan menimbulkan peningkatan volume residual lambung. Memposisikan bayi pada posisi prone diketahui mempercepat penyerapan lambung, namun posisi prone mempunyai dampak negative meningkatkan abnormalitas postur, dan risiko sindrom kematian bayi mendadak. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah posisi quarter prone karena memiliki efektifitas yang sama dengan posisi prone tanpa efek samping yang merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh posisi quarter prone terhadap volume residual lambung bayi prematur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Randomized Control Trial RCT crossover design dengan 18 responden. Pemilihan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh posisi quarter prone terhadap volume residual lambung bayi prematur dibandingkan dengan posisi supinasi p value 0,0001 . Pemberian posisi quarter prone efektif menurunkan volume residual lambung pada bayi prematur. Pemberian posisi ini dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu tindakan keperawatan mandiri dalam mengoptimalkan pemberian nutrisi pada bayi prematur.

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The problem of nutritional management often occurs in preterm infants due to gastrointestinal immaturity lead increased residual volume. Positioning preterm infants on prone position considered to influence gastric emptying but prone position has a negative effect of increasing postural abnormalities, and risk of sudden infant death syndrome. An alternative can be done is quarter prone position because it has the same effectiveness with prone without adverse side effects. This study aims to identify the effect of quarter prone position on gastric residual. This research used Randomized Control Trial RCT crossover design simple random sampling with 18 respondents. The results showed the effect of quarter prone position on the gastric residual compared with supine position p 0.0001 . Positioned in quarter prone effective decreases gastric residual in preterm infants. It is suggested positioned in the quarter prone can be applied as one of independent nursing intervention in optimizing Nutritional management of the preterm infant."

"Bayi prematur memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap ketidakefektifan pengaturan suhu termoregulasi , serta risiko tinggi terhadap gangguan neurodevelopmental. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Random Control Trial RCT dengan disain paralel yang melibatkan 56 responden dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok PMK satu jam 28 responden dan kelompok PMK dua jam 28 responden. PMK dilakukan dua hari berturut-turut. Hasil analisis paired t test suhu tubuh dan independent t test kepercayaan diri ibu dengan nilai p=0,001; ?=0,05. Secara statistik bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna perubahan suhu tubuh antara PMK satu jam dan dua jam pada hari pertama dan kedua serta ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kepercayaan diri ibu sebelum dan sesudah melakukan PMK satu dan dua jam. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, PMK yang direkomendasikan dengan durasi satu atau dua jam karena mempunyai nilai yang signifikan terhadap perubahan suhu tubuh dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam melakukan PMK, sehingga semakin lama ibu melakukan PMK maka akan semakin meningkat kepercayaan diri ibu dalam melakukan PMK.

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Premature infants have high risk to suffer from in ineffectiveness of thermoregulation and also high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. This research uses random control trial RCT approach with parallel design which involving 56 respondents and divided into two groups,one hour KMC group 28 respondents and two hours KMC 28 respondents. KMC is done two days in a row. Result of paired t test of body temperature and independent t test of mother self confidence with value p 0,001 0.05. Statistically, there was a significant difference in body temperature change between one and two hour KMC on the first and second days and there was a significant difference between mother 39 s self confidence before and after doing KMC one and two hours. Based on these results, the recommended KMC with a duration of one or two hours because it has a significant value to changes in body temperature and mother 39 s confidence in conducting KMC, so the longer the mother perform KMC it will increase the mother 39 s confidence in doing KMC."

"Pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur merupakan salah satu komponen konsep family centered care. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pelibatan ibu terhadap interaksi ibu-bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam merawat bayi prematur. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 orang ibu-bayi yang dipilih dengan teknik konsekutif di ruang Perinatologi RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta selama bulan Mei-Juni 2013. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa skala interaksi ibu-bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu meningkat secara signifikan (p=0,0005). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan pelibatan ibu dalam perawatan bayi prematur di ruang Perinatologi.

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Mothers involvement in premature infant care is a component of the family centered care. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of mothers involvement on mother-infant interactions and maternal confidence in premature infant care. This study used a quasy experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. Sixteen partisipants were choosed using consecutive sampling technique in Neonatal Unit Level I-II RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta during May-June 2013. The result of statistic analysis showed that mother-infant interactions scale and maternal confidence increase significantly (p=0,0005). This study recommends the improvement of mothers involvement in premature infant care in neonatal unit."

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Bayi prematur memiliki masalah imaturitas dalam mengatur suhu tubuhnya sehingga membutuhkan energi untuk menjaga suhu tubuhnya tetap stabil. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kalori yang diperoleh bayi tidak terfokus pada pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) durasi enam jam terhadap kenaikan berat badan bayi prematur dan ikatan emosional ibu dan bayi. Desain penelitian ini adalah pilot study randomized control trial dengan pendekatan crossover yang melibatkan 10 bayi prematur dan ibu. Randomisasi dilakukan dengan computer generated block randomization. Penelitian dilakukan sejak April sampai Juni 2024 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia dan Alia Hospital. Responden menerima intervensi PMK selama enam jam (kelompok intervensi) dan intervensi PMK selama satu jam (kelompok kontrol). Analisis hasil menggunakan uji Wilcoxon didapatkan rerata pertambahan berat badan bayi (gr/kg/hari) pada kelompok intervensi (H1 16,4, H2 13,3, p>0.05) dan pada kelompok kontrol (H1 9,1, H2 6,6, p>0.05), dengan pertambahan berat badan lebih banyak pada kelompok intervensi namun tidak signifikan. Sedangkan untuk rerata nilai ikatan emosional ibu dan bayi yang diukur sebelum dan sesudah PMK menggunakan Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), analisis hasil menggunakan uji t berpasangan didapat penurunan nilai pada kelompok intervensi (14,4-9,2, p>0.05) dan pada kelompok kontrol (11,3-11,4, p>0.05). Penurunan nilai PBQ lebih banyak pada kelompok intervensi yang artinya ikatan emosional ibu dan bayi makin erat namun tidak signifikan. Intervensi PMK selama enam jam tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan berat badan bayi prematur dan penguatan ikatan emosional antara ibu dan bayi.

Kata Kunci: crossover, kenaikan berat badan per hari, perawatan metode kanguru, uji pilot.

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Premature infants have immaturity problems in regulating body temperature, requiring energy to keep their body temperature stable. This condition causes the calories obtained by the baby not to focus on growth. This study aims to determine the effect of six-hour Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on weight gain in premature infants and mother-infant bonding. The design of this study is a pilot study randomized control trial with a crossover design involving 10 premature infants. The respondents received a six-hour KMC intervention (intervention group) and a one-hour KCM intervention (control group). The results of the study identified the average weight gain of infants in the intervention group (16.4, 13.3, p>0.05) and in the control group (9.1, 6.6, p>0.05), with more weight gain in the intervention group but not significantly. Meanwhile, for the average mother-infant bonding scores measured before and after KMC, in the intervention group (14.4, 9.2, p>0.05) and in the control group (11.3, 11.4, p>0.05). The six-hour PMK intervention does not have a significant effect on increasing weight gain in premature babies and on strengthening the emotional bond between mother and baby.

Keywords: crossover, kangaroo care method, kangaroo mother care, mother-infant bonding, premature infants"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru (PMK) terhadap fungsi fisiologis pada bayi prematur yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized control trial (RCT) yang melibatkan 50 responden bayi prematur yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (perawatan rutin rumah sakit) 25 responden dan kelompok intervensi (bayi dilakukan PMK) 25 responden sesuai kriteria inklusi. PMK dilakukan tiga hari berturut-turut selama satu jam/hari. Hasil analisis uji perbedaan menujukkan adanya perbedaan saturasi oksigen secara bermakna pada saat dilakukan PMK (p=0.000; α=0,05) dan frekuensi pernapasan intra (p= 0,007), dan post (p= 0,027) pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, adanya pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru terhadap fungsi fisiologis pada bayi prematur yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik. Intervensi ini diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan sebagai prosedur di ruang NICU karena sudah terbukti dapat mempercepat weaning ventilator.

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his study was conducted to determine the effect of the kangaroo method of care (PMK) on the physiological function of mechanically ventilated premature infants. This study used a randomized control trial (RCT) design involving 50 premature infants who were mechanically ventilated and divided into two groups, namely the control group (routine hospital care) 25 respondents and the intervention group (babies undergoing PMK) 25 respondents according to the inclusion criteria. . PMK is carried out three days in a row for one hour/day. The results of the analysis of the difference test showed that there was a significant difference in oxygen saturation during PMK (p=0.000; α=0.05) and intra-respiratory frequency (p= 0.007), and post (p= 0.027) in the control group and the intervention group. Based on these results, there is an effect of kangaroo treatment on physiological function in mechanically ventilated premature infants. It is hoped that this intervention can be continued as a procedure in the NICU room because it has been proven to speed up ventilator weaning"

"Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) infants are more likely to die during the neonatal period and PLBW survivors face neurodevelopmental problems, respiratory problems, and congenital anomalies. It is said that the poor periodontal health of the pregnant woman is a potential risk factor of PLBW. This investigation aims to study the oral hygiene and gingival inflammation condition of 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy women and relate to the putative periodontal pathogen bacteriae as the probable cause of PLBW. The plaque index (Pll), calculus index (CI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) of the subjects ofboth groups were measured and compared. Maternal infection during pregnancy has been demonstrated to perturb cytokines and hormone- regulated gestation because of the translocation of the infection. The level of gingival cervicular fluid prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), interleukin 1β (lL-1β), lL-6, tumor necrotizing factors a (TNF-a) are usually highly correlated with those in amnion fluid of pregnant women withoutbacterial vaginosis (BV) and with intact placental membrane. It is concluded that the periodontal health of pregnant women must be in good condition to prevent the risk of having PLBW still need to beanticipated due to the presence of the inflammation signs."

"Salah satu masalah yang dialami bayi prematur yaitu hipotermia dan dapatberdampak pada kematian bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan lampu sorot dan PMK terhadap suhu tubuh bayi prematur di ruang Peristi RSUD Dr. Soesilo Slawi. Desain penelian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experiment dengan pre-post test without control grup design pada 14 bayi prematur dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan paired t test. Penelitian menujukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara selisih rerata suhu tubuh pada intervensi lampu sorot dan PMK yaitu pada intervensi lampu sorot 0,11°C dan intervensi PMK yaitu 0,65°C sehingga dapat disimpulkan PMK lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan suhu dibandingkan lampu sorot. Berdasarkan hasil ini maka PMK dapat direkomendasikan menjadi salah satu alternatif asuhan keperawatan dalam mengatasi suhu tubuh pada bayi prematur.

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One of the problems experienced by premature infant is hipothermia may have an impact on mortality. This study aimsed to analyze the effectiveness of the incandescent lamps and KangarooMother Care for the body temperature in premature infant. The study was quasi experimental with pre-post test without control group design consisted of 14 premature infants taken by consecutive sampling. Analysis result using paired t test showes significant difference in mean body temperature of incandescent lamps is 0,11 ° C and intervention KMC is 0.65 ° C so that it can be concluded KMC is more effective to increased the body temperature than incandescent lamps. Recommendation for the nursing care is KMC can be an alternative for nursing care in dealing with body temperature in preterm infants."

"[ABSTRAKKemampuan ibu mengenal isyarat bayi sangat bervariasi dan penting bagi perkembangan bayi prematur. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh pemberian edukasi melalui buku saku pada kelompok kontrol, di sisi lain video berdurasi 10,51 menit dan ?kartu isyarat? sebagai latihan identifikasi isyarat bayi prematur diberikan pada kelompok intervensi. Rancangan menggunakan eksperimen acak terkontrol dengan teknik pretest posttest equivalent group melibatkan 30 ibu dan bayi prematur. Instrumen untuk menilai interaksi ibu-bayi yang digunakan adalah Modified Observation of Communication Interaction. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian edukasi terhadap skor interaksi ibu-bayi yang meningkat bermakna pada kelompok intervensi (p=0,005) dan kelompok kontrol (p=0,011), serta terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,015). Peningkatan pemahaman ibu tentang identifikasi isyarat bayi prematur sebaiknya menggunakan video dan latihan.

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ABSTRACTMother?s ability to recognize cues were varies greatly and it is important for infants development. This study was to examine the impact of education method using booklet on controled group, on the other hand 10,51 minutes video and ?cues card? to recognize directly are given on intervention group. This study used a randomized controled trial with pretest posttest equivalent group design. Thirty mothers and premature infants were selected. A Modified Observation of Communication Interaction used to observe mother-infant interaction. The result shown a significant effect of education on mother-infant interaction?s score that increase significantly in the intervension group (p=0,005) and controled group (p=0,011), there were different mean between two group (p=0,015). To improve understanding?s mother of premature infants cue should use video and training, Mother’s ability to recognize cues were varies greatly and it is important for infants development. This study was to examine the impact of education method using booklet on controled group, on the other hand 10,51 minutes video and ‘cues card’ to recognize directly are given on intervention group. This study used a randomized controled trial with pretest posttest equivalent group design. Thirty mothers and premature infants were selected. A Modified Observation of Communication Interaction used to observe mother-infant interaction. The result shown a significant effect of education on mother-infant interaction’s score that increase significantly in the intervension group (p=0,005) and controled group (p=0,011), there were different mean between two group (p=0,015). To improve understanding’s mother of premature infants cue should use video and training]"

"[ABSTRAKPengambilan darah vena merupakan prosedur yang menimbulkan nyeri pada bayiberat lahir rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbandingan antaraPerawatan Metode Kanguru dan pemberian empeng terhadap respon nyeri selamapengambilan darah vena. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimen acak terkontrolpada 21 bayi berat lahir rendah dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Penilaianrespon nyeri menggunakan instrumen Premature Infant Pain Profile. Analisis uji tindependen menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata respon nyeripada kelompok Perawatan Metode Kanguru (rerata = 8,94) dan pemberianempeng (rerata = 5,08) dengan p value = 0,005. Pemberian empeng dapatdijadikan sebagai intervensi keperawatan dalam asuhan atraumatik saat prosedurinvasif minor.

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ABSTRACTVenous blood collection is the procedures which cause pain on low birth weightinfants. This study aimed to identify the comparison between Kangaroo MotherCare and pacifier for pain response during venous blood collection. The researchdesign was randomized controlled trial on 21 low birth weight infants withconsecutive sampling. Pain response was assessed by Premature Infant PainProfile instrument. Independent t-test analysis showed that there were significantdifferences in mean pain response between Kangaroo Mother Care group (mean= 8.94) and pacifier group (mean = 5.08) with p value = 0.005. Pacifier can beused as a nursing intervention in atraumatic care with minor painful procedures, Venous blood collection is the procedures which cause pain on low birth weightinfants. This study aimed to identify the comparison between Kangaroo MotherCare and pacifier for pain response during venous blood collection. The researchdesign was randomized controlled trial on 21 low birth weight infants withconsecutive sampling. Pain response was assessed by Premature Infant PainProfile instrument. Independent t-test analysis showed that there were significantdifferences in mean pain response between Kangaroo Mother Care group (mean= 8.94) and pacifier group (mean = 5.08) with p value = 0.005. Pacifier can beused as a nursing intervention in atraumatic care with minor painful procedures]"