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"Pada struktur bangunan tinggi, beban yang dominan adalah beban lateral akibat beban angin dan gempa. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan perkuatan-perkuatan khusus guna menahan gaya tersebut. Ada beragam sistem perkuatan struktur yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya yaitu Sistem outrigger. Dimana sistem ini bekerja sebagai sistem rangka keseimbangan berupa lengan yang terikat pada core wall hingga kolom terluar bangunan. Sistem ini memanfaatkan lebar bangunan untuk memaksimalkan kekakuan karena outrigger mampu memberikan ketahanan tehadap momen guling dari gempa atau angin dan membuat gedung lebih stabil. Outrigger dapat diletakkan di beberapa tempat dan penggunaanya pun dapat lebih dari satu outrigger. Oleh karena itu dilakukan analisa berkaitan dengan hal tersebut.Analisa yang dilakukan adalah membuat modelisasi struktur empat puluh lantai delapan varian dengan kombinasi outrigger yang berbeda-beda dengan menggunakan software structure ETABS V.9.0.7, untuk mengetahui masingmasing dari perilaku strukturnya. Kemudian melalui pengamatan perilaku struktur yang meliputi waktu getar, momen maksimum dan driftnya dapat diperoleh kesimpulan varian sistem outrigger yang paling optimal dan ekonomis dilihat dari kebutuhan tulangannya.Dari perbandingan perilaku struktur serta perbandingan kebutuhan tulangan maka yang paling optimum diantara kedelapan varian adalah varian dengan pemasangan outrigger di ¾ tinggi struktur (outrigger diletakkan pada lantai 29-30).

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In a high rise building structure, the most dominant load is lateral load, which are caused by wind load and earthquake load. Because of that reason, we utilize some special system to resist the load. There are many systems to strengthen the structure, such as outrigger system. This system works as a balanced frame like an arm, tied in the core wall through the external column of the building. This system utilizes the width of the building to maximize the stiffness, because the outrigger is able to give more resistance and stabilization from the overturning moment caused by wind and earthquake. The outrigger can be placed in some places, and we may use more than one outrigger besides. Since the requirements needed, we have to do some analysis involves to it.

The analysis is performed by doing some structural modifications of forty stories structure in eight variants of the outrigger, using the software structure ETABS V.9.0. By using this software, we analyzed some information about the structural behaviours of each modification. The information includes the Period of vibration, maximum moment, and the drift of the structure, which will be summarized which one is the most optimum and economize modification from the use of the outrigger in the several variant analyzed.

By comparing the structural behaviours and the economical of reinforcing, it concluded that the variant with outrigger at ¾ of structure high (outrigger at story 29-30) is the most optimum than the other variant."

"This paper presents the application of external prestressing as an alternative of repatring and strengthening method for building structural elements. Prestressing outside the concrete will ease the repair work without much disturbing the existing concrete elements, and also simplify the qualily control of the repair work. For the case study, we present some interesting aspects in repairing and strengthening the MMP dan JIA buildings in Jakarta,which are repaired by using the external prestressing method."

"This book presents a simple analytical method based on the extended rod theory that allows the earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings to be easily and accurately evaluated at the preliminary design stage. It also includes practical software for applying the extended rod theory to the dynamic analysis of actual buildings and structures. High-rise buildings in large cities, built on soft ground consisting of sedimentary rock, tend to have low natural frequency. If ground motion due to an earthquake occurs at distant hypocenters, the vibration wave can be propagated through several sedimentary layers and act on skyscrapers as a long-period ground motion, potentially producing a resonance phenomenon that can cause severe damage. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to gauge the earthquake resistance of existing skyscrapers and to improve their seismic performance. This book was written by authors who have extensive experience in tall-building seismic design in Japan. The software included enables readers to perform dynamic calculations of skyscrapers resistance to vibrations. As such, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners and engineers, as well as students of civil engineering."

"SNI 2847:2019 dalam Pasal 26.12.4.1 menyatakan bahwa batas penerimaan kualitas beton adalah 85% kekuatan rencana dari rata-rata 3 beton inti. Namun, saat ini belum banyak ditemukan penelitian terkait dampak penurunan kualitas beton tersebut terhadap kinerja struktur dan seismik dari bangunan. Selain itu, bagaimana syarat tersebut dapat diterima pada bangunan dengan adanya kolom miring dan kantilever juga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, mengingat perkembangan desain arsitektur yang semakin beragam saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dampak penurunan mutu beton terhadap kinerja seismik gedung delapan lantai berbentang tunggal yang dirancang menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) dengan variasi kolom miring dan kantilever. Berdasarkan pedoman ASCE 41-17, evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan metode respon spektrum berbasis linear dinamis tier 3. Penelitian meninjau dampak penurunan kualitas beton sebesar 7,5%, 15%, dan 25% terhadap kebutuhan tulangan dan kinerja seismik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada kebutuhan tulangan serta kinerja seismik struktur seiring dengan terjadinya penurunan kualitas beton. Selain itu, keberadaan kolom miring dan kantilever akan memberikan dampak terhadap perilaku struktur dalam kinerja seismiknya.

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SNI 2847:2019 Article 26.12.4.1 stipulates that the acceptable limit for concrete quality is 85% of the design strength based on the average of three core concrete samples. However, current studies on the impact of such reductions in concrete quality on the structural and seismic performance of buildings remain limited. Moreover, how this requirement applies to buildings featuring inclined columns and cantilevers also requires further investigation, particularly considering the increasing complexity of modern architectural designs. This study aims to evaluate the impact of reduced concrete quality on the seismic performance of an eight-story, single-span building designed using a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) system with variations in inclined columns and cantilevers. In accordance with ASCE 41-17 guidelines, the evaluation is conducted using the Tier 3 linear dynamic response spectrum method. The study examines the effects of concrete strength reductions of 7,5%, 15%, and 25% on reinforcement demand and seismic performance. The results show a significant increase in reinforcement requirements as well as changes in the structural seismic performance corresponding to the reduction in concrete quality. Furthermore, the presence of inclined columns and cantilevers significantly affects the structural behavior under seismic conditions. "