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"In 1989-90 the map of Europe was transformed peacefully-without a war, unlike other great ruptures of the international order such as 1815, 1870, 1918, and 1945. What role did international summitry play in the dénouement of the cold war? So far scholars have focused on long-term systemic factors, Gorbachevs reform agenda, or the impact in 1989 of people power. This major multinational study, based on archives from both sides of the Iron Curtain, adopts a novel perspective by exploring the contribution of international statecraft to the dissolution of Europes bipolar order. This is done through the examination of key summit meetings from 1970 to 1990 across three phases Thawing the cold war, living with the cold war, and transcending the cold war and in three main strands: the superpowers and arms control, their triangular relationship with China, and the German question. The threads are drawn together in a sweeping analytical conclusion. The book includes fascinating insights into key statesman such as Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev, Willy Brandt and Helmut Kohl, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, both as thinkers about the international system and also practitioners of summit bargaining. Particular attention is devoted to the cultural dimensions of summitry, as performative acts for the media and as engagement with the other across ideological divides. Written in lively prose, this book is essential reading for those interested in modern history, contemporary politics, and international relations addressing issues that still shape the world today."

"Following Heonik Kwon, this article explores the social and cultural underpinnings of the Cold War (and Cambodia’s stance of neutrality in relation to it) as illustrated through the life of a colorful Cambodian monk, Dharmawara Mahathera. Long resident in India, Dharmawara became a confidant of Norodom Sihanouk as the latter negotiated independence and Cambodia’s new geopolitical realities. Dharmawara was one point of connection between Sihanouk and India at the time Sihanouk was drawn to a position of neutrality and to the Non-Aligned Movement associated with Jawaharlal Nehru and Zhou Enlai, and his story illuminates some of the cultural interface underlying the politics. He would assume a profile in emerging institutions of international Buddhism, such as the World Fellowship of Buddhists, which in their own way related to developing geopolitics. He subsequently attracted the attention of American diplomats in Cambodia in ways that illustrate something of how the Cold War came to be negotiated on the ground. His tensions with the Cambodian monastic hierarchy help us better understand the latter’s role at a historical conjuncture. I argue that Dharmawara helps us understand Sihanouk’s emerging philosophy of “Buddhist socialism.”"

"In the summer of 1950, FBI agents arrested Julius Rosenberg and charged him with conspiracy to commit espionage. Specifically the Justice Department accused him of passing-through his brother-in-law-the secret of the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. A few weeks later they charged Julius is wife Ethel with the same crime to pressure them to name spies. Convicted and sentenced to death at the height of cold war anti-communist hysteria, the couple was plunged into a whirlwind of appeals, protests, and propaganda until their executions in June 1953. Their deaths did little to silence protest, however; as martyrs their case became legend and cast a spotlight on their two orphaned sons. More than half a century later the trial and executions remain living and breathing controversies. This book uses nearly one thousand newly discovered state department documents for the first time to expose protest movements from 84 cities in 48 countries around the world. While the Truman administration initiated the charges against the Rosenbergs, officials were just beginning to grasp the significance of the case overseas when Eisenhower took office. This prompted a harsh reset in the governments largely untested propaganda apparatus, which struggled to persuade the global community of the wisdom of executing the couple. Allies and potential allies remained unconvinced that the United States had the moral authority to lead and win the Cold War. These new documents allow the history of the Rosenberg case to be told as a pivotal and transnational Cold War event."

"Penelitian ini ingin membahas perkembangan teori Democratic Peace pasca Perang Dingin. Periode tersebut dipilih karena terjadi peningkatan jumlah negara demokrasi yang signifikan, dan runtuhnya Uni Soviet yang merupakan musuh bersama negara-negara demokrasi. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendapat para akademisi yang beragam mengenai teori Democratic Peace pasca Perang Dingin. Para akademisi yang mendukung penerapan teori Democratic Peace pasca Perang Dingin memiliki dua argumen utama, yaitu landasan normatif dan struktural demokrasi. Sementara para akademisi yang mengkritik teori tersebut mempunyai tiga sanggahan utama: (1) operasionalisasi konsep yang bermasalah, (2) landasan normatif dan struktural yang bermasalah, dan (3) relasi demokrasi dan perdamaian yang bermasalah.

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This research will analyze the development of Democratic Peace Theory post Cold War. That period has been chosen because it witnessed an increasing spike of new democracies, and the fall of Soviet Union, which were the common enemy for the democracies. This research will use literature review methods. The result of the research shows the variety of arguments presented. Those who support the notion of Democratic Peace post Cold War have two main arguments, the normative and structural foundation in democracies. While those who criticize the idea of Democratic Peace have three main rebuttals: (1) issues in concept operations, (2) issues in the normative and structural foundations, and (3) issues in the relations between democracy and peace."

"ABSTRAKSejak awal berdirinya, Indonesia sering diasosiasikan sebagai pemimpin di institusi kawasan Asia Tenggara, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Berakhirnya Perang Dingin membuat peran yang dilakukan Indonesia semakin beragam. Tulisan ini akan melihat posisi Indonesia dan kondisi lingkungan yang mendorong Indonesia dalam menjalankan peran di ASEAN. Secara kronologis, tulisan ini akan melihat peran Indonesia di ASEAN pada masa Orde Baru pasca Perang Dingin, peran Indonesia di ASEAN pada masa krisis ekonomi Asia 1997, dan peran Indonesia di ASEAN pada masa pasca krisis ekonomi 1997. Tinjauan pustaka ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan akademis dalam topik ini. Dari pemetaan literatur yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada masa Orde Baru pasca Perang Dingin, Indonesia tetap mampu menginisiasi kerja sama di ASEAN walaupun signifikansi ASEAN sempat dipertanyakan. Pada masa krisis ekonomi Asia 1997, krisis ekonomi, kebakaran hutan, dan instabilitas politik di Indonesia menjadi sumber masalah di ASEAN. Krisis tersebut membuat Indonesia berperan pasif di ASEAN. Pasca krisis, Indonesia kembali menunjukkan kepemimpinannya dengan menginisiasi Komunitas ASEAN maupun memediasi konflik di kawasan, salah satunya adalah kasus Preah Vihear. Namun pada periode pertama pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo, Indonesia dinilai tidak lagi memprioritaskan ASEAN dalam kebijakan luar negerinya. Indonesia berfokus pada urusan dalam negeri dan mencoba berperan lebih di tingkat internasional. Secara umum, peran Indonesia di ASEAN didominasi di sektor keamanan dan politik. Kajian literatur menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan, kepemimpinan, dan dinamika politik internal dan internasional memengaruhi peran yang dilakukan Indonesia di ASEAN.

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ABSTRACTSince its inception, Indonesia has often been associated as a leader in the institution of the Southeast Asian region, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The end of the Cold War made Indonesia's role more diverse. This paper will look at Indonesia's position and environmental conditions that are driving Indonesia to play a role in ASEAN. Chronologically, this paper will look at Indonesia's role in ASEAN during the post-Cold War New Order, Indonesia's role in ASEAN during the 1997 Asian economic crisis, and Indonesia's role in ASEAN in the post-1997 economic crisis period. This literature review seeks to show consensus, debate, and academic gaps in this topic. From the literature mapping conducted, it can be concluded that in the post-Cold War New Order era, Indonesia was still able to initiate cooperation in ASEAN even though the significance of ASEAN was questioned. During the 1997 Asian economic crisis, the economic crisis, forest fires and political instability in Indonesia were a source of problems in ASEAN. The crisis made Indonesia a passive role in ASEAN. After the crisis, Indonesia again showed its leadership by initiating the ASEAN Community and mediating conflicts in the region, one of which was the Preah Vihear dispute. But in the first period of President Joko Widodo's administration, Indonesia was considered to no longer prioritize ASEAN in its foreign policy. Indonesia focuses on domestic affairs and tries to play a greater role at the international level. In general, Indonesia's role in ASEAN is dominated in the security and political sectors. The literature study shows that the interests, leadership, and dynamics of internal and international politics influence the role of Indonesia in ASEAN."

"Malaya attained independence on August 31, 1957 fromBritain. However this new nation faced a communist insurgencyknown today as the ?Malayan Emergency? (1948-1960). Thenin 1961, Tunku announced a wider federation of ?Malaysia?,viz. Malaya, British Crown Colonies of Singapore, Sarawakand North Borneo, and the protectorate of Brunei. Counteringcommunism was a principal motive for ?Malaysia?.Sarawak?s leftist elements were rejected with an armedopposition. Malaysia was formed excluding Brunei. Amidstits birth pangs, Malaysia faced hostile neighbors Indonesiaand the Philippines; the former objected by way ofKonfrontasi (1963-1967) while the latter laid claim to Sabah(formerly North Borneo). Malaya/ Malaysia was borne in themidst of the Cold War (1947?1991), a bipolar world betweenthe US and the USSR. Malaya/Malaysia is utilized as a caseof analysis and evaluation in the context of the twin trendsof continuities and transformations in tracing the historicaldevelopments from the 1950?s to the 1990?s. The risks,motives, and challenges that prompted the shift in foreignrelations reveal as much of the personality of the political leadership, the prevailing situations, and conditions fromwithin and circumstances from without."