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"ABSTRACT

Probing of the atmospheric parameters have been done by many scientists since a century ago up to present with various techniques. A simple system of laser radar without using any collimated beam but a reflected mirror as transmitter and a small cassegranian type (10.5 an in diameter) telescope as receiving was constructed to investigate the relative Mie backscattering coefficient by utilizing a nitrogen laser as a light source in the range of measurement bellow 1 Km. The backscattered light received by the receiving telescope is converted into electric current by photomultiplier and is shown and known as "A scope" display on an oscilloscope. SNR of the signal from photomultiplier was increased by using a boxcar integrator and its output could be recorded with XY recorder."

"ABSTRACTLaser induced thin film production (LITFP) technique was employed for making plumbum (Pb) thin film by nitrogen laser deposition in miniature scale. The energy of nitrogen laser operated at 12.5 kv, 90 torr was 3.5 mj with 5 ns pulse duration, thus producing peak power at around 0.7 MW. Pb plasma of 1 cm diameter was generated in each laser bombardment, producing thin film above the glass substrate. The thin film characteristics were measured by means of their thickness and surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was proved that there was a linear relationship between the number of laser shots and film thickness."

"Kopling antara amplifier permukaan miring dan fiber taper lens-ended diselidiki secara teori. Penelitian teori didasarkan pada model gelombang bidang tiga dimensi yang dihitung melalui pergeseran fasa akibat permukaan iring. Kopling diselidiki berkenaan dengan parameter-parameter berkas dari pandu gelombang amplifier lens-ended, dan juga berkenaan dengan posisi fiber. Terjadinya rugi-rugi kopling karena permukaan miring dan karena variasi dari uji lens yang terbaik, rugi untuk permukaan miring 10° ditemukan lebih kecil dari 0.5 dB dibandingkan amplifier permukaan normal.

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The coupling between angled-facet amplifiers and tapered lens-ended fibers is investigated theoretically. The theoretical investigation is based on a three-dimensional plane wave model which accounts for the phase differences introduced by the angled facets. The coupling is investigated with respect to the beam parameters of the amplifier wave guids and the tapered lens-ended fiber, and also with respect to the fiber position. For optimized lens radii the excess loss for 0l0° facet angle is found to be less than 0.5 dB compared to a normal facet amplifier."

"ABSTRACTThe frequency dobled Rd: YAG laser (532 nm/10ns, 15mj/pulse) uses a pulsed, frequency dobled; which provides a monochromatic, energy source with extremely high peak power and to has capability to develop of latent fingerprint on various surface. In the porous surfaces, this laser to has superiority, the compared with the development another methods, like powder and chemical method in latent fingerprint development. The high peak power of the laser causes Palmar sweat: contain a variety compounds, among them amino acids, oils, enzymes, vitamins and other chemicals with in the print to fluoresce. Some latent fingerprints will fluoresce in their natural state during exposure to this laser energy. The natural state fluorescing prints make can be documented and recording by high-resolution TV cameras and monitor for maximum sensitivity. The next step, the compare latent fingerprints products with visible impression by comparable instruments, see patterns of the friction ridges and be found same amount of their galton detail. "

"The purpose of this reserach is to find out the influence of laser shooting to the ovaries stem of eye,ablation of crab's eye to the level of egg's maruty,the diameter of eggs and the number of eggs scylla serrata....."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) merupakan sumbatan aliran darah arteri selain koroner dan intrakranial. PAP dihasilkan dari proses atherosklerosis, emboli, trombus, dan inflamasi yang mengarah ke stenosis arteri. PAP asimptomatik menempati 3-10% populasi dunia, dan meningkat hingga 15-20% pada 70 tahun ke atas. Divisi kami mencatat 18,1-24,7% pasien kaki diabetik dengan PAP mengalami amputasi pada kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir. Evaluasi ultrasonografi Doppler pada arteri utama ekstremitas bawah diharapkan mampu mendeteksi secara dini apakah pasien akan diamputasi atau tidak baik mayor maupun minor. METODE: Metode yang diambil adalah analitik komparatif kategorik independen dengan disain penelitian kohort retrospektif. Selama Januari 2010 hingga Desember 2011 didapatkan 24 pasien yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Arteri yang diperiksa a.femoralis, a.poplitea, a.tibialis posterior, dan a.dorsalis pedis dengan tampilan spektral mulai dari monofasik, bifasik, atau trifasik terutama dengan pelebaran spektral. Ultrasonografi salah satu modalitas ”operator dependent”, untuk mengurangi bias, peneliti menggunakan operator ultrasonografi adalah peneliti sendiri, trainee atau konsultan divisi kami. HASIL: Hasil didapatkan spektral bifasik hingga monofasik pada a.femoralis 25,0%, a.poplitea 58,3%, a.tibialis posterior 41,6%, a.dorsalis pedis 45,8%, angka amputasi mayor dan minor masing-masing 4%. Perhitungan statistik didapatkan untuk a.femoralis p=0,054 (95% CI), a.poplitea p=0,006 (95% CI), a.tibialis posterior p=0,010 (95% CI), dan a.dorsalis pedis p=0,021 (95% CI). Secara statistik, prediksi amputasi dapat bermakna pada ultrasonografi Doppler pada a.poplitea, a.tibialis posterior, dan a.dorsalis pedis. KESIMPULAN: Dapat ditarik kesimpulan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi Doppler penting dilakukan pada setiap pasien PAP untuk mengevaluasi secara khusus keadaan empat arteri utama ekstremitas bawah pasien dan untuk prediktor amputasi.

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BACKGROUND: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is an occlusive disease of the blood flow artery beside coronary and intracranial artery. PAD is a result of atherosclerotic process, embolism, thrombus, and inflammation which toward of artery stenosis. Asymptomatic PAD counts 3-10% of worl population, and increasing until 15-20% in patient more than 70 years old. Our division counts 18.1-24.7% of diabetic foot patient with PAD undergoes amputation within this three years. Evaluation of duplex ultrasound in the main artery of lower extremity hopefully can detect whether patient will undergo limb salvage or limb loss, as early as possible, major or minor amputation.

METHODS: Research method is independent category comparative analytic with retrospective cohort design. Within January 2010 to December 2011, we collect 24 patients that rolled on inclusion criteria. We examined femoral, poplitea, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis artery, which showed monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic spectrum of duplex imaging of the ultrasound, and all of them has broadening spectrum.Ultrasound is an operator dependent modality, to decrease the bias of this research, operator of the ultrasound is researcher, fellowship doctors and consultants of our division.

RESULTS: Results are 25% in femoral artery, 58.3% in popliteal artery, 41.6% in posterior tibial artery, and 45.8% in dorsalis pedis artery, which counts for biphasic and monophasic spectrum. Amputation rate is 4% for each minor and major amputation. Statistic analysis for correlation of arterial spectrum with amputation are, femoral artery p=0,054 (95% CI), popliteal artery p=0,006 (95% CI), posterior tibial artery p=0,010 (95% CI), and dorsalis pedis artery p=0,021 (95% CI).

CONCLUSION: Based on statistic analysis, amputation can be significant in duplex imaging of popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis artery. Conslusion regards duplex imaging to be performed in four main arteries of lower extremity, to predict limb loss."