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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai proses pembuktian suatu perjanjian yang dilarang dalam hukum persaingan Indonesia dengan menganalisa Putusan MA No. 16 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2016. Apakah putusan yang membatalkan putusan KPPU tersebut telah tepat. Serta konsekuensi hukum yang dapat terjadi akibat pembatalan suatu putusan KPPU. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif terhadap hukum persaingan usaha tertulis maupun tidak tertulis. Putusan di tingkat keberatan dan kasasi tidak sepenuhnya tepat dengan menyatakan bahwa perjanjian yang dianggap melanggar Pasal 5 ayat (1) tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat subyektif perjanjian dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Tidak terpenuhinya syarat subyektif tidak serta merta mengakibatkan perjanjian batal demi hukum, melainkan dapat diminta untuk dibatalkan oleh para pihak. Lebih tepat apabila Majelis Hakim juga mempertimbangkan mengenai syarat obyektif berupa sebab yang halal mengingat pihak dalam perjanjian tersebut tidak berhak menentukan harga. Serta dengan menekankan pertimbangan pada fakta bahwa perjanjian tersebut juga tidak dilaksanakan oleh para terlapor. Asosiasi Hiswana menginisiasi kesepakatan tersebut untuk menampung aspirasi para agen dan kemudian disampaikan kepada Pertamina sebagai price regulator unutk melakukan evaluasi harga. Lebih lanjut, tuduhan KPPU dalam perkara ini tentu akan berdampak pada nama baik perusahaan. Sebagai hukum publik, hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia memerlukan lembaga rehabilitasi bagi pelaku usaha yang tidak terbukti melanggar hukum persaingan usaha. Selain itu, untuk menciptakan suatu kepastian hukum, apabila di kemudian hari terjadi perbuatan yang sama oleh pelaku usaha, KPPU tidak lagi dapat menilai bahwa perbuatan tersebut melanggar ketentuan UU No. 5 Tahun 1999.

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This thesis examines the authentication process of prohibited agreement in competition law of Indonesia by reviewing Supreme Court Decision No. 16 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2016. Whether the abovementioned decree has been correct. As well as the legal consequences that may arised by nullification of KPPU Decision. The method of this research will be juridical normative against written and unwritten competition law. The appeal and cassation decision are not correct by declaring that the respected agreement has not met the subjective requirements as mentioned in Article 1320 Civil Code. Unfulfillment of subjective requirements does not necessarily make the agreement becomes null and void but may be cancelled by request of the parties. It would be more appropriate if the Concil of Judges has also taking into account the objective requirements in the form of lawful purpose considering that the parties involve have no right to determine the price. As well as to consider the fact that the price in such agreement has not implemented by the defendants. Hiswana Association has initiated such agreement to accommodate the aspirations of agents until then submitted to Pertamina as the price regulator to evaluate the price. Furthermore, KPPUs accusation in this case certainly will affect the corporate reputation and image of the business actors. As a public law, competition law of Indonesia does necessitate rehabilitation institution for suspected business actors that lawfully not proven to violate competition law. Moreover, in order to create certainty of law, in the event of the business actors perform an identical actions, KPPU may not judge such action as breaking the Law No. 5 Year 1999 anymore."

"Pengenaan cukai merupakan salah satu instrumen yang efektif untuk mengendalikan konsumsi rokok. Namun demikian kebijakan cukai dapat berkurang efektivitasnya dengan adanya perilaku/strategi price smoothing yang diterapkan perusahaan rokok. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi perilaku price smoothing perusahaan rokok di Indonesia dengan melihat dampak dari lamanya jarak waktu (interval) sejak pengumuman kebijakan cukai sampai dengan periode tertentu pada tahun berjalan terhadap harga transaksi pasar (eceran) rokok. Menggunakan data survei harga transaksi pasar setiap tiga bulan, mulai Maret 2014 sampai Juni 2021, dan dengan estimasi system GMM kami menemukan bahwa perusahaan rokok di Indonesia melakukan price smoothing. Terjadi kenaikan harga yang lebih tinggi pada bulan Desember (Q4) sejak kebijakan cukai diumumkan. Kenaikan harga transaksi semakin berkurang (landai) pada periode Q1, Q2, dan Q3 yang memiliki jarak waktu yang semakin jauh sejak pengumuman kebijakan cukai.

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The imposition of excise is one of the effective instruments to control cigarette consumption. However, the effectiveness of excise policy can be reduced by the price smoothing behavior/strategy applied by cigarette firm. This study identifies the price smoothing behavior of cigarette firm in Indonesia by looking at the impact of the length of time interval since the announcement of the excise policy up to a certain period in the current year on the market retail price of cigarettes. Using market transaction price survey data every three months, from March 2014 to June 2021, and with the the system GMM estimation, we find that cigarette firm in Indonesia carry out price smoothing. There has been a higher price hike in December (Q4) since the excise policy was announced. The increase in transaction prices decreased (sloping) in the Q1, Q2, and Q3 periods which have a longer time gap (interval) since the announcement of the excise policy."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai kewenangan yang dimiliki pemerintah baikdalam memberantas dan mencegah terjadinya praktek monopoli dan persainganusaha tidak sehat dengan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 dan jenis peraturanlain setingkat Undang-Undang maupun dibawahnya. Penelitian ini jugamembandingkan cara menangani dan mengelola pasar Mini Market di Indonesiadengan Jepang. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengulas lebih dalamperaturan-peraturan mengenai Mini Market dalam mengelola pasar agar tetapbebas dari praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dan melindungiPasar Traditional dan UMKM. Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk membandingkan 2pendekatan dari 2 negara yang berbeda untuk menjaga keadaan pasarbersangkutan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang berbentuk yuridisnormatif. Penemuan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemerintah memilikibanyak peraturan dalam mengatur dan mengelola pasar Mini Market, setiapperaturan tidak ditujukan untuk satu tujuan namun memiliki tumpang tindihkewenangan dan masih dibutuhkannya sosialisasi kepada baik kepada masyarakatmaupun aparatur penegak hukum mengenai peraturan-peraturang yangbersangkutan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses regarding the government's authority both in combating andpreventing monopolistic practices and unfair business competition by Law No. 5of 1999 and another level of regulation Act or under it. The study also comparedhow to handle and manage market Mini Market in Indonesia with Japan. Thepurpose of this study is to review in depth the regulations regarding Mini Marketand in managing the market so that it remains free from monopolistic practicesand unfair business competition and protect the Traditional Market and SMEs.Another aim was to compare 2 approaches from 2 different countries to maintainthe state of the relevant market. This study is a qualitative research in the form ofnormative. The findings in this study is that the government has many regulationsto regulate and manage market Mini Market, every regulation is not intended forone purpose but have overlapping authority and are still in need of socialization toboth the community and law enforcement officials on the rules concerned."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh fluktuasi harga minyak mentah dan gas alam terhadap variabel makroekonomi (inflasi, nilai tukar, dan indeks produksi) dan stock return valuation Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) dan saham sektoral pertambangan di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan sampel dari harga komoditas minyak mentah dan gas alam serta return variabel makroekonomi dan saham indeks gabungan dan sektoral pertambangan di Indonesia pada periode tahun 2010-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel (timeseries). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, pertama, hanya nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika Serikat pada variabel makroekonomi yang terpengaruh secara signifikan oleh fluktuasi harga minyak mentah, sedangkan inflasi dan indeks produksi tidak terpengaruh secara signifikan oleh fluktuasi harga minyak mentah. Kedua, penelititan ini juga menemukan bahwa hanya nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika Serikat yang secara signifikan terpengaruh oleh pergerakan harga gas alam. Inflasi dan Indeks produksi industri di Indonesia tidak terpengaruh secara signifikan dikarenakan gas alam bukan salah satu komoditas utama untuk kegiatan ekspor impor di Indonesia. Terakhir, ditemukan bahwa return IHSG terpengaruh secara signifikan oleh pergerakan positif atau negatif kedua komoditas dari harga minyak mentah dan gas alam di Indonesia. Return sektoral saham pertambangan hanya terpengaruh signifikan oleh pergerakan harga dari minyak mentah.

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This study aims to examine the effect of fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas prices on macroeconomic variables (inflation, exchange rates, and production index) and stock return valuation of the Composite Stock Price Index (IDX) and mining sector stocks in Indonesia. This study uses a sample of commodity prices for crude oil and natural gas as well as macroeconomic variable returns and stock index and mining sector composites in Indonesia in the period 2010-2020. The research method used is panel data regression (timeseries). This study finds that, firstly, only the exchange rate of the Rupiah against the United States Dollar on macroeconomic variables is significantly affected by fluctuations in crude oil prices, while inflation and production index are not significantly affected by fluctuations in crude oil prices. Second, this study also finds that only the exchange rate of the Rupiah against the United States Dollar is significantly affected by the movement of natural gas prices. Inflation and industrial production index in Indonesia are not significantly affected because natural gas is not one of the main commodities for export and import activities in Indonesia. Finally, it was found that IDX returns were significantly affected by positive or negative movements of the two commodities of crude oil and natural gas prices in Indonesia. Mining stock sector returns are only significantly affected by price movements of crude oil. "

"[ABSTRAKLahirnya harga patokan batubara (HPB) merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang penting dalam rangka menata kembali manfaat yang optimal dalam pengelolaan batubara di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki sumberdaya dan cadangan yang cukup besar, yaitu cadangan saat ini sekitar 41 miliar ton. Sedangkan produksi tahun lalu sudah mencapai sekitar 450 juta ton sehingga telah menjadi negara pengekspor batubara no.1 di dunia. Oleh karena itu HPB merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat menguntungkan beberapa pihak. Pihak pelaku baik produsen dan konsumen telah memiliki alat bantu yang cukup jelas dalam penentuan harga batubara baik untuk harga spot atau kontrak. Sedangkan bagi pemerintah, tentu saja salah satu pusat perhatiannya adalah ketentuan harga untuk penetapan penerimaan negara semakin jelas dan transparan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengkaji keefektifan perhitungan harga patok batubara yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementrian ESDM melalui Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara.Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan guna memberikan manfaat terhadap perusahaan tambang batubara untuk bagaimana melakukan aktivitas kegiatannya agar dapat tetap bertahan di dalam menghadapi dan mengantisipasi perubahan harga batubara yang fluktuatif dan semakin cenderung menurun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data amatan perusahaan energi yang beroperasi di salah satu area tambang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suatu model perhitungan untuk menentukan keefektifan dan kelayakan keekonomiannya dalam usaha pertambangan batubara. Model perhitungan dan analisa dalam penelitian ini juga bertujuan memberikan gambaran pengaruh penetapan harga jual batubara terhadap eksistensi perusahaan tambang batubara pemegang IUP atau PKP2B sumberdaya alam batubara di wilayah Indonesia pada khususnya.

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ABSTRACTThe emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. ;he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. , he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. ]"