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"Peran orang tua sangat penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak, namun tidak semua anak beruntung untuk hidup dengan kondisi orang tua yang lengkap. Beberapa anak harus hidup terpisah dengan orang tuanya, lebih spesifiknya yaitu mengalami pemisahan dengan ibu yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Tidak hadirnya sosok ibu sebagai pengasuh utama pada anak ditemukan berdampak terhadap keberfungsian sosial pada anak. Kajian literatur ini mengkaji tiga penelitian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018, 2019, dan 2021 sebagai acuan utama dalam menganalasis dampak pemenjaraan ibu pada anak. Peneliti menggunakan indikator keberfungsian sosial dan konsep child safeguarding and promoting welfare dalam melakukan kajian pada temuan dari ketiga penelitian acuan utama. Berdasarkan hasil kajian kritis yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa mayoritas anak dengan ibu berstatus narapidana mengalami permasalahan pemenuhan kesejahteraan emosional, akademis, serta dalam berperilaku dan mengelola emosi. Kajian mengenai anak yang memiliki ibu berstatus narapidana ini diharapkan mampu menjadi referensi tambahan dalam pembahasan mengenai perlindungan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan anak.

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The role of parents is very important in children's growth and development, but not all children are lucky to live with complete parental conditions. Some children have to live separately from their parents, more specifically, experiencing separation from mothers who face the law. The absence of a mother figure as the primary caregiver in children was found to have an impact on social functioning in children. This literature review examines three studies conducted in 2018, 2019, and 2021 as the main reference in analyzing the impact of maternal imprisonment on children. Researchers used indicators of social functioning and the concept of child safeguarding and promoting welfare in conducting a study on the findings of the three main reference studies. Based on the results of critical studies conducted, it was found that the majority of children with mothers who are prisoners experience problems fulfilling emotional well-being, academics, as well as in behaving and managing emotions. The study of children who have mothers with inmate status is expected to be an additional reference in discussions about protecting and improving child welfare."

"Kompetensi sosial merupakan tugas perkembangan yang krusial serta perlu untuk dioptimalkan bagi anak usia prasekolah karena pada rentang usia ini terjadi peningkatan kompleksitas dan variasi interaksi sosial. Penelitian sebelumnya sudah menemukan bahwa stres pengasuhan dan perilaku pengasuhan orangtua secara signifikan memengaruhi perkembangan kompetensi sosial anak usia prasekolah. Hanya saja, mekanisme hubungan antara stres pengasuhan, perilaku pengasuhan orangtua, dan perkembangan kompetensi sosial anak belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran autonomy support Ibu sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara stres pengasuhan dan kompetensi sosial anak prasekolah. Metode convenience sampling digunakan untuk merekrut partisipan. Terdapat 56 anak usia 48-72 bulan beserta Ibunya yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Autonomy support Ibu diobservasi melalui kegiatan interaksi bersama anak dalam mengerjakan puzzle. Kompetensi sosial anak diukur dengan kuesioner Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale – Skala A yang diisi oleh orangtua, sedangkan stres pengasuhan diukur dengan kuesioner Parental Stress Scale. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa autonomy support memediasi penuh hubungan stres pengasuhan dan kompetensi sosial anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini memperluas temuan sebelumnya tentang pengaruh tidak langsung stres orang tua terhadap kompetensi sosial anak prasekolah yang dimediasi oleh perilaku pengasuhan autonomy support. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi profesional untuk mengembangkan program intervensi yang berfokus pada peningkatan kemampuan Ibu untuk mengelola stres pengasuhan serta peningkatan keterampilan pengasuhan autonomy support.

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Social competence is a crucial developmental task for preschool children that needs to be optimized due to the increasing complexity and variety of the social interactions. Research has revealed the significance of parental stress and parenting behavior in influencing the development of social competence during the preschool period. Nonetheless, the mechanism of relationship between parental stress, parenting behavior, and child's social competence development has not been well explored. Furthermore, limited studies have investigated the mediating role of mother’s parenting practice in the relationship between parental stress and child's social competence. This research aims to explore the role of mother’s autonomy support as one of parenting behavior as a mediator in the relationship of parental stress and preschool child's social competence. Children aged 48-72 months old (N = 56) and their mothers participated in the current study. Children's social competence and parents' level of parental stress were measured through two different parent-report questionnaires, Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale – Skala A dan Parental Stress Scale. Mother’s autonomy support was observed during the dyadic interaction between the mother and the child in the context of structured play. Data collection and observations are conducted online. Results indicate that mother’s autonomy support fully mediates the relationship of parental stress and preschool children's social competence. This research extends previous studies about the indirect effect of parental stress on preschool children's social competence mediated by parenting behavior in a pandemic condition. The results of this study can become a basis for professionals to develop program interventions that focus on increasing mothers' ability to manage parenting stress and increase the level of autonomy support."

"Co-authored by ASTD President and CEO Tony Bingham, and long-time workplace educator and Fast Company business writer Marcia Conner, this book shows readers how social media can help trainers and workers increase their knowledge, innovate faster than their competitors, and enjoy themselves in a way that increases their commitment to their employer and to the customers they ultimately serve."

"Learning & development merupakan salah satu elemen yang memegang peranan penting dalam sebuah organisasi. Dalam prosesnya learning & development digunakan untuk memastikan pekerja memiliki pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang tepat untuk organisasi, hal ini dilakukan agar proses berjalannya operasional perusahaan menjadi efektif. Dalam menjalankan proses learning & development PT SA menganggap kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh karyawannya masih belum efektif karena beberapa kompetensinya memiliki nilai di bawah standar minimum/job required sehingga PT SA memodifikasi metode learning and development yang digunakan guna meningkatkan kompetensi karyawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses learning and development dengan metode lama dan metode baru dan implementasi learning and development dengan metode lama dan metode baru terhadap kompetensi karyawan. Kemudian penulis juga menganalisis realisasi pencapaian target kompetensi dengan metode lama dan metode baru yang diterapkan oleh PT SA.

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Learning & development is one of the elements which plays an important role in an organization. In the learning & development process, it is used to ensure employees have the right knowledge, skills, and attitudes for the organization, intending to the process of the company's operations becomes effective. In implementing the learning & development process, PT SA assesses that the competencies possessed by its employees are still not effective considering some of their competencies have scores below the minimum standard/job required, so that in 2020 PT SA modified the learning and development method to improve employee competencies. This research was conducted to determine the process of learning and development with the old method and the new method on employee competence. Moreover, this research also analyzed the realization of the achievement of competency targets with the old method and the new method applied by PT SA."