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"Military capability is delivered operationally at a team and collective level, be it a unit as small as a squad or section, or as large as a maritime task group. Modern military forces are required to deal with a potentially wide range of missions frequently involving multiple alliance partners, within a geopolitical environment which can seem to change rapidly. Individual performance, while being important, is not the primary determinant of mission success - force integration, interoperability, adaptability and teamwork are key factors. Team and collective training which fully addresses these factors is fundamental to the development and delivery of military capability. As a consequence, the requirement to determine training requirements and specify effective systems for the delivery of team and collective training is critical to operational success.Training Needs Analysis (also known as Front End Analysis), is a well-established methodology for analysing training requirements and specifying training solutions used extensively by the UK and its NATO partners. However, the analytical techniques employed are optimised for individual training, with little guidance being offered on its application in the team and collective context. Team and Collective Training Needs Analysis (TCTNA) has been developed to close this methodological gap. It addresses the issues of the relationship of individual and team tasks, teamwork, command and control, task and training environments, scenario definition, instructional strategy, team training approaches, instructional functions, and wide-ranging organisational and procurement considerations.Part One of the book develops an integrated set of models which underpin the analytical approach presented in Part Two. Worked examples and case studies illustrate the application of the approach. Between 2005 and 2015 the authors worked on numerous training-related research projects at Cranfield University and Coventry University for the Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre and the Defence Human Capability Science and Technology Centre on behalf of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, UK Ministry of Defence."

"ABSTRAKPerilaku kekerasan adalah suatu bentuk perilaku untuk melukai atau mencederai diri sendiri, orang lain, lingkungan secara verbal atau fisik yang sering dijumpai pada Skizoprenia. Perilaku kekerasan adalah alasan masuk utama klien gangguan jiwa dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banyumas, dengan prosentase sebanyak 62 kasus (68%). Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh Assertiveness Training terhadap perilaku kekerasan pada klien Skizoprenia. Desain penelitian quasi eksperimen pendekatan pre post tes with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah klien Skizoprenia dengan perilaku kekerasan berjumlah 72 yaitu 36 responden mendapatkan terapi generalis dan Assertiveness Training dan 36 responden hanya mendapatkan terapi generalis, diambil secara random sampling Sampel penelitian adalah klien Skizoprenia dengan perilaku kekerasan. Perilaku kekerasan diukur melalui empat respon yaitu respon perilaku, sosial dan fisik yang diukur dengan observasi dan respon kognitif diukur dengan kuisioner. Perbedaan perilaku kekerasan kemudian dianalisis dengan t test. Salah satu terapi yang dapat diberikan pada klien yang mengalami masalah perilaku kekerasan yaitu Assertiveness Training. Assertiveness Training diberikan pada kelompok intervensi dipadu dengan terapi terapi generalis. Terapi ini dilakukan dalam lima sesi dengan metode describing,modelling, role play, feedback dan transferring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku kekerasan pada kelompok yang mendapatkan terapi generalis dan Assertiveness Training menurun secara bermakna pada respon perilaku,kognitif, sosial dan fisik (p value< 0,05) dan pada kelompok yang hanya mendapatkan terapi generalis menurun secara bermakna pada respon perilaku, kognitif dan fisik (p value< 0,05). Perilaku kekerasan kelompok yang mendapatkan terapi generalis dan Assertiveness Training menurun lebih rendah secara bermakna dari pada kelompok yang mendapatkan terapi generalis (p value < 0,05). Terapi generalis dan Assertiveness Training terbukti menurunkan perilaku kekerasan pada klien Skizoprenia dan direkomendasikan diterapkan sebagai terapi perawatan dalam merawat klien dengan perilaku kekerasan.

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ABSTRACTViolence behaviour was a behavioural form that hurt or do irreparable damage himself, someone else, or environment in a verbal or physical manner that found of Schizophrenia frequently. Violence behaviour was the mean reason why client with mental disorder should be admitted to Banyumas Hospital, with the 62 cases (68%). This study aimed to investigate the influence of Assertiveness Training toward violence behaviour of Schizophrenia. This study used Quasy experiment study design with pre and post test approach for intervention and control group. Respondent of this study were 72 Schizophrenia clients with violence behaviour which divided into 2 group using random sampling method. Thirthy six (36) respondents was given Assertiveness Training and 36 respondents was not given Assertiveness Training. Violence behaviour was measured through four responses namely behavioral, social and physical responses that was measured by observation, meanwhile cognitive respon was measured by using quesionnaire. Then differences violence behaviour was analized by using t test One of therapy that can be given to client who suffers from violence behavior was Assertiveness Training. Assertiveness training was a therapy to train someone to perform asertif behaviour. This therapy was conducted for 5 session using describing, modelling, role play, feedback and transferring methods. The study result showed that violence behaviour at the group which given generalist therapy and Assertiveness Training was decreased significantly in behavioral, cognitive, social and physical responses (p value < 0,05). The group which given generalist therapy was decreased significantly in behavioral, cognitive and physical responses (p value < 0,05). Violenece behavior at the group which given generalist therapy and Assertiveness Training was decreased more lower than the group which given generalist therapy (p value < 0,05).This result demonstrated that there was an impact of generalist therapy and Assertiveness Training in decreasing violence behaviour and recommended as nursing therapy used to treat client with violence behaviour ."

"Halusinasi dan isolasi sosial sering muncul secara bersamaan. Dampak dari halusinasi yang tidak ditangani adalah perilaku mencederai diri sendiri, dan lingkungan, sedangkan isolasi sosial yang tidak ditangani dapat memicu gejala positif dan berkontribusi pada kekambuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengaruh Cognitive Behaviour Therapy dan Cognitive Behavioural Social Skills Training pada gejala klien. Desain quasi eksperimental digunakan dengan jumlah sampel 56 responden. Hasil penelitian menemukan penurunan gejala kognitif, afektif dan perilaku lebih besar pada klien yang mendapatkan terapi daripada mereka yang tidak mendapatkan. Terapi ini direkomendasikan pada klien halusinasi dan isolasi sosial.

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Hallucination and social isolation often occur simultaneously. Impact of dishandled hallucinations is injuring self and environment, while dishandled social isolation will trigger negative sign to possitive sign and contribute in client recurrence. The goal of this study was identify the influences of therapy for client symptomps. Quasi-experimental designs used with sample of 56 respondents. The study found a decrease symptoms of hallucination and social isolation who have CBT and CBSST than the clients that did not receiving therapy. Cognitive, affective, attitude of symptomps hallucination and social isolation have increased significantly. It is recommended for clients with hallucinations and social isolation."

"ABSTRACTNowadays, the ways, how to solve the mass transportation problem in the big city become the major problem for the government. Some difficulties come when the mass transportation facilities can't be build at the ground surface because many buildings and services will be disturbed. For avoiding that, the mass transportation facilities usually are built in the underground. It means that we have to excavate the underground to make a tunnel. Excavating a tunnel generates ground displacements and deformations, which can affect the existing buildings and services in urban sites and can lead to unacceptable damages. To predict and to solve the all affects of excavating and tunneling have been a major engineering challenge.A numerical analysis by using the finite difference method was implemented in the aim of developing a procedure for forecasting the all affects induced by tunneling. The influences of the strain-softening of the soil in the tunneling were discussed in this study. To take into account these behaviors, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with strain-softening behavior were applied and as the comparison data we used the Mohr-Coulomb criterion without strain-softening behavior. We defined a new approximation for defining the strain-softening model. Two new constants obtained from the triaxial test, were used for defining this model. In this definition, the strain-softening behavior of the soil will depend on a;, and the peak values of cohesion and friction angle of the soil. This study presented also the implementation of convergence-confinement method by using the deconfinement modeling and the Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). For deconfinement modeling, we analyzed in two dimensional with plane strain condition. And for the Sequential Excavation Method, we analyzed in axisymmetric condition and in three-dimensional condition. The finite difference software, Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), was used for simulating all the problems."

"Halusinasi dan perilaku kekerasan merupakan gejala positif yang paling banyak ditemukan pada klien dengan skizofrenia. Tanda dan gejala halusinasi dan perilaku kekerasan membutuhkan penatalaksanaan yang komperehensif dan berkesinambungan baik untuk klien, keluarga, dan kelompok. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran penerapan dari tindakan keperawatan ners, cognitive behaviour therapy, assertive training, psikoedukasi keluarga, dan terapi suportif pada klien halusinasi dan perilaku kekerasan. Metode yang digunakan adalah operational research. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berjumlah 40 klien yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok satu berjumlah 20 klien diberikan tindakan keperawatan ners, cognitive behaviour therapy, assertive training, psikoedukasi keluarga, dan terapi suportif (paket terapi satu). Kelompok dua berjumlah 20 klien diberikan tindakan keperawatan ners, cognitive behaviour therapy, dan assertive training (paket terapi dua). Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tanda gejala dan kemampuan, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan tendensi sentral. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji friedman, wilcoxon, mann-whitney, dan korelasi rank spearman. Hasil karya ilmiah menunjukkan penurunan tanda dan gejala serta peningkatan kemampuan klien halusinasi dan perilaku kekerasan pada kelompok yang diberikan paket terapi satu lebih besar secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok yang mendapatkan paket terapi dua (p value < 0,05). Tindakan keperawatan yang dikombinasikan antara tindakan keperawatan ners oleh perawat generalis dan tindakan keperawatan spesialis oleh perawat spesialis jiwa direkomendasikan dilakukan di rumah sakit jiwa untuk menghasilkan penurunan tanda gejala dan peningkatan kemampuan klien halusinasi dan perilaku kekerasan lebih optimal.

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Hallucinations and violent behavior are the most common positive symptoms in clients with schizophrenia. Signs and symptoms of hallucinations and violent behavior require comprehensive and continuous management for the client, family, and group. The purpose of writing this final scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of standart nursing intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, assertive training, family psychoeducation, and supportive therapy to clients with hallucinations and violent behavior. The method used is operational research. Sampling using purposive sampling technique amounted to 40 clients who were divided into two groups. The first group of 20 clients was given standart nursing intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, assertive training, family psychoeducation, and supportive therapy (therapy package one). The second group of 20 clients was given standart nursing intervention, cognitive behavior therapy and assertive training (therapy package two). Collecting data using signs and symptoms instruments and abilities, then analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Univariate analysis using frequency distribution and central tendency. Bivariate analysis using friedman, wilcoxon, mann-whitney and spearman rank correlation test. The results of scientific work showed the decrease in signs and symptoms as well as an increase in the client's ability to hallucinations and violent behavior in the group given therapy package one was significantly greater than the group receiving therapy package two (p_value <0.05). Nursing intervention that are combined between standart nursing and specialist nursing intervention are recommended to be carried out in mental hospitals to produce a decrease in signs of symptoms and an increase in the ability of clients to have hallucinations and violent behavior more optimally"