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"The mediator role of response expectancies and the moderator role of hypnotic suggestibility were evaluated in the analogue treatment of pain. Approximately 1,000 participants were assessed for hypnotic suggestibility. Later, as part of a seemingly unrelated experiment, 188 of these individuals were randomly assigned to distraction, cognitive-behavioral package, hypnotic cognitive-behavioral package, hypnotic analgesia suggestion, placebo control, or no-treatment control conditions. Response expectancies partially mediated the effects of treatment on pain. Hypnotic suggestibility moderated treatment and was associated with the relief produced only by the hypnotic interventions. The results suggest that response expectancies are an important mechanism of hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral pain treatments and that hypnotic suggestibility is a trait variable that predicts hypnotic responding across situations, including hypnosis-based pain interventions."

"Awal tahun 2000, kasus penipuan dengan menggunakan hipnotis mulai marak bermunculan. Biasanya, dalam kondisi 'tidak sadar', korban harus kehilangan barang berharga setelah sebelumnya berinteraksi dengan pelaku baik sekadar berkomunikasi ataupun bersentuhan langsung. Selain digunakan di dunia medis, hipnotis ternyata juga diklaim sebagai salah satu cara untuk melakukan suatu tindak pidana oleh masyarakat. Seringkali yang terjadi adalah seseorang menjadi korban dari suatu tindak pidana penipuan dan mengklaim bahwa dirinya dikenai hipnotis oleh si pelaku tindak pidana sehingga tidak memiliki daya untuk melawan. Namun kemudian muncul pertanyaan bahwa apakah penggunaan hipnotis dalam melakukan kejahatan ini merupakan suatu bentuk kejahatan yang diatur di dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia atau tidak. Jika melihat pada artikel-artikel berita, kebanyakan polisi menggunakan pasal penipuan untuk menjerat pelaku hipnotis yaitu Pasal 378 KUHP dengan alasan bahwa hipnotis dapat dikategorikan sebagai tipu muslihat sesuai Pasal 378 KUHP.

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In the beginning of year 2000, fraud cases which used hypnotic as its method were starting to emerge. Often, in the state of 'unconsciousness', the victims had to lost precious possessions after interracting with the perpetrators, whether it's only by communicating or direct contact. Aside from being used in medical treatment, hypnotic practices had also been claimed as one of the means to do crime. Victims of fraud cases often claimed that they were being hypnotized to the point that they couldn't fight back. But then, arise questions whether the use of hypnotic practice as a mean to do crimes is one of the offences regulated in Indonesian Penal Code or not. Many investigators from police force used the fraud article in Indonesian Penal Code to ensnare the perpetrators, that is Article 378 of Indonesian Penal Code with reasoning that hypnotic practices can be categorized as knavery, according to Article 378 of Indonesian Penal Code."

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini prevalensi kebutuhan anestesi umum pada pasien geriatri semakin meningkat. Tanpa modalitas pemantauan yang memadai, pemberian agen anestesi yang berlebihan dapat menciptakan plana anestesi yang lebih dalam. Bispectral index (BIS) merupakan alat pemantauan kedalaman hipnosis melalui pengolahan data elektroensefalogram (processed EEG). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan durasi deep hypnotic time (DHT) pada pasien geriatri yang menjalani anestesi umum dengan penambahan pemantauan BIS dibandingkan pemantauan standar.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal melibatkan 44 pasien geriatri yang menjalani anestesi umum untuk prosedur operasi. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yakni kelompok perlakuan yang mendapatkan tambahan pemantauan BISTM dan kelompok kontrol dengan pemantauan standar sesuai ASA. Data BISTM dari kedua kelompok akan direkam secara kontinyu untuk dianalisis selanjutnya. Terhadap subjek, dilakukan pemeriksaan MMSE prabedah dan pascabedah serta pencatatan waktu emergence.Hasil: Penambahan pemantauan BISTM dapat menurunkan durasi DHT bila dibandingkan dengan pemantauan standar dengan durasi DHT untuk kelompok BIS dan kontrol masing-masing sebesar 12 menit (0-122) dan 21,5 menit (0-200 menit) (nilai p = 0,36). Pada populasi penelitian didapatkan nilai BIS loss of consciousness (BIS LOC) sebesar 80,55 ± 6,48. Penurunan nilai MMSE pascabedah lebih kecil pada kelompok BIS (0,5 vs 2,0; nilai p = 0,06). Durasi waktu pulih sadar didapatkan lebih panjang pada kelompok BIS yakni 28,45 ± 13,48 bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol sepanjang 22,35 ± 7,81 (nilai p = 0,09; IK 95% -1,01 s/d 13,21 menit). Terdapat kecenderungan terjadinya anestesi yang lebih dangkal pada pemantauan standar yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai BIS tertinggi intraoperatif dan durasi BIS >60. Nilai BIS tertinggi didapatkan lebih tinggi pada kelompok kontrol (73,2 ± 11,41 vs 69,4 ± 8,31) dengan durasi BIS >60 yang lebih panjang pada kelompok kontrol (30 menit vs 8,5 menit)Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara durasi DHT pada pasien geriatri yang menjalani anestesi umum dengan penambahan pemantauan BISTM dibandingkan pemantauan standar.

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Background: The current need for general anesthesia in geriatric population has increased. Without adequate monitoring modality, the administration of anesthetic agents can create unnecessary deeper anesthetic plane. Bispectral index (BIS) is an equipment to monitor the depth of hypnosis through processing raw EEG data. This study aims to compare the duration of deep hypnotic time (DHT) in geriatric patients undergoing general anesthesia with additional BIS monitor compared to standard monitoring.

Methods: This study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial involving 44 geriatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures. Subjects are divided into two groups, one with additional BISTM monitor and the other with standard monitoring according to ASA. Data acquired from BISTM will continually be recorded to be analyzed afterward. Subjects will be eveluated with MMSE prior and after undergoing general anesthesia and emergence time will be recorded.

Result: Additional BISTM monitor can decrease duration of DHT compared to standard monitoring with DHT for BIS and control group, respectively, 12 minutes (0-122) and 21.5 minutes (0-200 menit) (p value = 0.36). In study population, BIS value for loss of consciousness (BIS LOC) is 80.55 ± 6.48. The decrease of MMSE value post operative is smaller in BIS group compared to control group (0.5 vs 2.0; p value = 0.06). Emergence time is longer in BIS group (28.45 ± 13.48 minutes) compared to control group (22.35 ± 7.81 minutes) with p value = 0.09, 95% CI - 1.01 s/d 13.21 minutes. There was tendency of light anesthesia conduct in control group as shown in comparison of intraoperative highest BIS value and duration of BIS value >60. Higher BIS value is observed in control group (73.2 ± 11.41 vs 69.4 ± 8.31) with longer duration of BIS value >60 compared to BIS group (30 minutes vs 8.5 minutes, respectively).

Conclusion: There is no significant difference in duration of DHT between geriatric population undergoing general anesthesia with additional BISTM monitor compared to standard monitoring."

"Hanafiah DS, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Yahya S, Wirnas D. 2010. Induced mutations by gamma ray irradiation to Argomulyo soybean (Glycine max) variety. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 121-125. Induced mutation by gamma ray irradiation is one way to increase genetic variability of plants. This research used gamma ray irradiation on low doses (micro mutation). The aim of this research was to know the respons of doses level by micro mutation on gamma ray irridation to the growing and development of Argomulyo variety of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr]. The seeds were irradiated by gamma ray micro mutation doses, namely 0 gray, 50 gray, 100 gray, 150 gray, and 200 gray. Variations that were obtained of each characters at generation M1 and M2 influences plants growth and development either through qualitative and quantitative that finally will influence plant?s production. The average highest genetic variation at M2 generation of soybean was on 200 Gray doses. Results of the research indicated that gamma ray irradiation on 200 Gray doses effectively caused of plant variation genetic. "

"[This book is contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the appropriateness of different financial performance measures, by providing a systematic and updated review of the major value-based measures, by highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses and by comparing the main international empirical evidence on their effectiveness. , This book is contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the appropriateness of different financial performance measures, by providing a systematic and updated review of the major value-based measures, by highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses and by comparing the main international empirical evidence on their effectiveness. ]"