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"ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini pemodelan dan kontrol akan dilakukan pada bioreaktor untuk meningkatkan laju produksi bioreaktor maksimum. Model laju pertumbuhan menggunakan model Monod dan inhibitor produk-substrat. Sedangkan kontrol bioreaktor menggunakan pengontrol PI (proporsional-integral). Simulink dari Matlab digunakan untuk memodel biorektor sehingga model orde pertama ditambah waktu mati (FOPDT) diperoleh dari pengujian perubahan laju pengenceran (D). Berdasarkan FOPDT yang diperoleh, parameter pengontrol PI ditentukan menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols (ZN). Pengukuran kinerja kontrol digunakan integral kesalahan absolut (IAE) dan integral kesalahan kuadrat (ISE). Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan harga parameter kontrol PI dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa nilai D untuk mendapatkan produk maksimum adalah 0,43 jam-1 untuk Monod dan 0,36 jam-1 untuk inhibitor produk-substrat; Nilai parameter kontrol PI optimal adalah Kc = -8.801, Ti = 0,178 untuk Monod dan Kc = -4, Ti = 0,4 untuk inhibitor substrat produk dengan peningkatan rata-rata Waktu Penyelesaian = 154%, Overshoot = 221%, IAE = 503%, ISE = 13119% untuk Monod dan Waktu Penyelesaian = 302%, Overshoot = 2528%, IAE = 673%, ISE = 7558% untuk inhibitor produk-substrat.

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ABSTRACT

In this research modeling and control will be carried out on the bioreactor to increase the maximum bioreactor production rate. The growth rate model uses the Monod model and substrate-product inhibitors. While the bioreactor control uses a PI controller (proportional-integral). Simulink from Matlab is used to model the biorector so that a first-order plus dead time (FOPDT) model is obtained from testing the dilution rate change (D). Based on the FOPDT obtained, the PI controller parameters are determined using the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. Measurement of control performance is used integral of absolute error (IAE) and integral of square error (ISE). The results are compared with the prices of PI control parameters from previous studies. The results of his research show that the D value for obtaining the maximum product is 0.43 h-1 for Monod and 0.36 h-1 for substrate-product inhibitors; Optimal PI control parameter values ​​are Kc = -8,801, Ti = 0.178 for Monod and Kc = -4, Ti = 0.4 for product-substrate inhibitors with an average improvement of Settling Time = 154%, Overshoot = 221%, IAE = 503 %, ISE = 13119% for Monod and Settling Time = 302%, Overshoot = 2528%, IAE = 673%, ISE = 7558% for substrate-product inhibitors."

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"Tugas Akhir ini membahas tentang sebuah konsep pencarian algoritma optimasi untuk menentukan maksimum daya yang dapat dicapai oleh 15 blok solar cell yang disusun menjadi satu kesatuan secara seri sehingga akan menghasilkan kurang lebih 300 volt DC dengan arus maksimum yang dapat dicapai adalah 3 Ampere. Secara sederhana dapat dijelaskan proses sIstem ini adalah dengan mengubah masukan tegangan analog menjadi data digital yang kemudian oleh mikrokontroler akan diolah untuk mendapatkan pergerakan motor rotator kearah daya yang paling maximal. Tentunya secara logika tegangan maximal dicapai pada saat solar cell mengikuti pergerakan atau perpindahan posisi matahari, ini juga yang akan dicapai dalam tugas akhir ini.

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This Final Assignment discuss about searching optimum algorithm to determine maximum power can be reach by 15 solar cell blok that are arranged in array to produce thereabout 300 volt dc with 3 amper maximum current. Simplify, can be explained that the system process change analog input voltage and then by microcontroller will be processed to get rotator movement toward where does the sunlight position. Certainly maximum voltage could be reached when solar cell following position of sun movement, finally this is will be reached in Final assignment."

"Atap rumah menjadi salah satu tempat terbaik untuk meletakan panel surya, tetapi energi matahari yang didapatkan akan sangat bergantung pada sudut azimuth panel Azs dan sudut kemiringan panel terhadap matahari. Sehingga perlunya perhitungan secara matematis untuk mendapatkan energi maksimal pada sudut azimut dan sudut kemiringan yang diinginkan. Metode explanatory digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sudut matahari pada koordinat 6,2o lintang selatan dengan energi matahari yang diterima panel. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung energi yang diterima pada masing ndash; masing desain atap rumah. Hasil dari perhitungan menampilkan bahwa, pada luas atap 38,31 m2, desain atap rumah berbentuk pelana dengan Azh = 90o,270o dan = 20o mendapatkan rata-rata energi matahari sebesar 4.411 W.jam/m2/hari. Sehingga desain atap rumah pelana akan mendapatkan energi listrik 20.548 W.jam/hari.

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Roof becomes one of the best places to install solar panels, but the solar energy obtained will depend on the angle of the azimuth panel Azs and the tilt angle of the panel against the sun. Mathematical calculation is needed to obtain the maksimum energy with spesific azimuth angle and tilt angle. The explanatory method is used to determine the relationship between the sun angle at latitude angle of 6.2o with solar energy received by the panel. Research is done by calculating the energy received at each roof design. The results of the calculations show that, on the roof area of 38,31 m2, the design of a saddle roof with Azh 90o, 270o and 20o obtains an average solar energy of 4.411 Wh m2 day. So, the saddle roof design will get electrical energy of 20.548 Wh day. "

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