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"In spite of medical advances and the increasing number of severely brain-injured patients, the assessment and treatment of patients recovering from coma remain challenging. For over 10 years now, the Coma Science Group has been working on the scientific exploration of disorders of consciousness, with both scientific and clinical research agendas. This book is the result of all this work. The aim is to offer both clinicians and researchers an opportunity to acquire expertise in a field which is constantly developing.Besides diagnostic, prognostic and ethical issues, this book includes well-established findings on assessment techniques (i.e., behavioral scales, electrophysiological explorations and structural/functional neuroimaging) and treatment procedures, but also techniques under development (i.e., the use of classifiers, brain-computer interfaces, transcranial magnetic stimulation or deep brain stimulation) which will stimulate ideas for future research."

"Latar Belakang: Pengukuran kualitas manajemen nyeri perlu untuk dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi strategi pengobatan nyeri pascabedah yang efektif serta untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan nyeri pascabedah. American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire Revised APS-POQ-R merupakan instrumen yang paling sering digunakan untuk menilai kualitas manajemen nyeri di berbagai Negara namun kesahihan serta keandalan kuesioner ini belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia pada pasien pascabedah. Metode: Penelitian ini uji psikometrik menggunakan rancangan deskriptif potong lintang. Kuesioner diterjemahkan ke Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan pedoman Internasional.Hasil terjemahan akan diujikan pada 102 pasien yang menjalani bedah elektif di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Uji kesahihan isi menggunakan koefisien Aiken v, uji kesahihan konstruksi menggunakan analisis faktor dan uji korelasi corrected item total correlation. Uji keandalan menggunakan konsitensi internal Chronbach ?. Hasil: Uji kesahihan isi formula Aiken V didapatkan bahwa APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia sahih dengan nilai 0,8-1 angka V ge; 0,5 . Analisis faktor menghasilkan 5 faktor utama dari 18 pertanyaan instrumen: aktivitas dan gangguan tidur, pengaruh nyeri terhadap emosi, efek samping, persepsi tatalaksana nyeri, dan derajat nyeri. Uji kesahihan konstruksi dengan corrected item total correlation menunjukan semua pertanyaan memiliki korelasi yang baik yakni berkisar 0,244-0,799 korelasi ge; 0,3 . Nilai korelasi antara tiap-tiap faktor dalam instrumen APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia baik yakni berkisar 0,319-0,407. Uji konsistensi internal instrumen APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia memiliki nilai yang baik yakni sebesar 0,663 ? >0,5. Simpulan: APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia menunjukkan nilai kesahihan dan keandalan yang memuaskan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas manajemen nyeri pascabedah dan sebagai alat bantu untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Namun masih dibutuhkan penelitian uji kesahihan dan keandalan instrumen APS-POQ-R versi Indonesia lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dengan berbagai latar belakang pada daerah berbeda di Indonesia untuk bisa menggambarkan karakteristik masyarakat Indonesia yang beragam.

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Background: Measurement of pain management quality need to be done to explore the effective strategies for postoperative pain management and to improve the quality of postoperative pain services. The American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire Revised APS POQ R is the most commonly used instrument to assess the quality of pain management in many countries but the validity and reliability of this instrument has not been verified in Indonesia for postoperative patients.

Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross sectional psychometric study. The revised questionnaire was translated into Bahasa Indonesia according to international guidelines. The translation results will be tested in 102 patients who underwent elective surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. The content validity test using coefficient Aiken v formula and then construction validity test using factor analysis and corrected item total correlation. For realibility using Internal Consistency Chronbach.

Results: The validity test of Aiken V formula showed the Indonesian version of APS POQ R instrument was valid with score of 0.8 1 scale V was ge 0.5 . Factor analysis generated five main factors out of 18 questions activity and sleep disturbances, impact of pain to emotion, side effects, pain management perception, and pain scale. Constructed validity test with corrected item total correlation showed all questions had good correlation, which ranged between 0.244 to 0.799 correlation ge 0.3 . Correlation between each factors of the Indonesian version of APS POQ R instrument ranged 0.319 0.407. Internal consistency test of the Indonesian version of APS POQ R instrument was 0.663 0.5.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of APS POQ R instrument was valid and showed satisfying result. Based on the present study, the Indonesian version of APS POQ R instrument was able to measure the quality of postoperative pain management hence, this was able to improve the quality of health services in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. However, further research with larger sample size is required to define various characteristics of Indonesian people."

"Current pharmaceutical and clinical approaches to the treatment of disease suffer from the inherent limitations in the specialization of drugs introduced to physiological systems. The interface of clinical and material sciences has allowed for a broad spectrum of creative approaches with the potential to alleviate these shortcomings. However, the synergy of these disciplines also presents problems in which nascent technology lacks the necessary evaluation within its intended clinical environment. Given the growing potential for materials science to address a number of unanswered therapeutic needs, it remains even more pressing to validate emerging drug delivery technologies in actual clinical environments. This book addresses the core fundamentals of drug delivery using material science and engineering principles, and then applies this knowledge using prominent examples from both the scientific literature and clinical practice"

"This concise, pragmatic, pocket-sized book addresses neurological contributions to the diagnosis and management of dementia through a longitudinal examination of the work undertaken in a dedicated neurological dementia clinic. It covers the use of cognitive and non-cognitive screening instruments and their diagnostic utility and the use of other diagnostic investigations: neuroimaging, neurophysiology and neuropathology. The diagnostic mix is discussed in terms of both neuropsychological syndromes and neurological diagnoses, as is the use of conventional treatments for dementia and the impact of national directives (e.g. NICE, National Dementia Strategy) on day-to-day clinical practice. This book, is an illustrated, practical resource for medical professionals involved in the assessment and management of dementia patients. "

"Perubahan yang terjadi pada sendi dan rasa nyeri merupakan faktor internal yang dapat menyebabkan hambatan mobilitas fisik pada lansia. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil asuhan keperawatan pada klien selama lima minggu. Evaluasi akhir menunjukkan gerakan fleksi-ekstensi sendi bahu sebesar 1100 (meningkat 200 dari pemeriksaan awal), edema tidak terlihat pada ekstremitas bawah, kekuatan otot meningkat pada ekstremitas atas, dan klien mengatakan bahwa badan terasa enak setelah melakukan gerakan. Hasil pemberian asuhan keperawatan menyarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan latihan rentang pergerakan sendi setiap hari kepada lansia yang mengalami hambatan mobilitas fisik untuk mencegah komplikasi dari imobilisasi dan meningkatkan taraf kesehatan lansia.

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Changes that occur in the joints and pain became internal factors that may cause impaired physical mobility in elderly. This paper aimed to present the result of the nursing care in five weeks. Final evaluation showed the flexion-extension motion in shoulder joint about 1100 (increased 200 from the initial examination), edema wasn't seen in lower extremity, increased of muscle strength in the upper extremities, and the client said that her body felt good after do the motion. Nursing care result has suggested to healthcare practitioners in providing "row of motion" exercise every day to the elderly who had impaired physical mobility to prevent complications of immobilization and improve the elderly health."

"Demensia merupakan gejala yang mengindikasikan adanya kehilangan fungsi intelektual meliputi memori, bahasa, konsentrasi, dan kemampuan kognitif. Salah satu dampak yang diakibatkan oleh demensia adalah kerusakan memori. Kerusakan memori pada lansia dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari maupun perubahan perilaku sosialnya. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada Nenek NA dengan kerusakan memori di wisma Bungur, STW Karya Bhakti. Intervensi keperawatan yang dipilih adalah pemberian stimulasi kognitif yang terdiri dari reality orientation dan reminiscence therapy. Hasil evaluasi yang didapatkan selama enam minggu antara lain Nenek NA dapat mengenal dirinya dan orang terdekatnya. mengenal kembali memori masa lalunya melalui media foto, dan meningkatkan aktivitas berkomunikasi dengan orang lain. Pemberian latihan kognitif dan orientasi realita secara terjadwal di STW untuk lansia yang mengalami kerusakan memori menjadi upaya untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri lansia sehingga kualitas dan kesejateraan lansia akan meningkat.

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Dementia is a symptom that indicates loss of intellectual function including memory, language, concentration and cognitive ability. One of impacts of dementia is impaired memory. Impaired memory can influence ability in doing daily activities as well as social skill of older adults. The aim of this paper was to explain the result of nursing care of Ny. NA with impaired memory in Wisma Bungur, STW Karya Bhakti. One of selected nursing interventions was giving cognitive stimulation including reality orientation and reminiscence therapy. The result of implementation during six weeks such as Ny. NA could recognize herself and the closest persons remember the past memory by photo and improve communication activities with other people. Giving cognitive exercise and reality orientation regularly in STW for older adults with impaired memory should be addressed to improve the confidence of older adults in order to increase the quality and welfare of the older adults."