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"Ruang ambigu merupakan ruang yang dapat secara bebas diinterpretasikan oleh penggunanya, sehingga berdampak pada kompleksitas makna yang memunculkan penggunaan ruang yang kontradiktif dan bervariasi. Karakteristik ini kemudian termanifestasi dalam bentuk trace. Dalam produksinya, terdapat elemen-elemen seperti enabler material, enabling actor, enabling action, dan interpretasi trace yang berdampak pada bagaimana trace dihasilkan.Dengan demikian, skripsi ini akan mengkaji ruang ambigu melalui keberadaan trace di dalamnya dengan menguraikan trace yang ditemukan sebagai elemen-elemen pembentuk trace, sehingga dapat dipahami bagaimana masing-masing elemen tersebut dapat mengindikasikan ruang ambigu. Dalam prosesnya, studi menghasilkan bahwa masing-masing elemen pembentuk trace yang diuraikan kemudian mampu memberikan indikasi ambiguitas melalui kompleksitas trace dalam enabler material, kontradiksi terhadap enabling action yang dilakukan oleh enabling actor, dan keberagaman respons pengguna terhadap trace di sekitarnya.

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Ambiguous space is a space formed through a free interpretation of space by its users, causing a complexity of meaning that emerges in contradictory and varied use of space. These characteristics are then manifested in the form of traces. In its production, there are elements such as enabler material, enabling actor, enabling action, and trace interpretation that impacts how the trace is formed.

Therefore, this study will examine ambiguous space through the presence of traces in it by deciphering found traces as trace elements so that it can be understood how each of these elements can indicate ambiguous space. In the end, this study shows that each of the forming elements can indicate ambiguity through the complexity of trace on the enabler material, the contradiction of enabling action by enabling actor, and the variety of user responses to the surrounding trace."

"ABSTRAKChelating resin-packed minicolumn preconcentration was used for multielement determination of trace metals in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The chelating resin-packed minicolumn was constructed with two syringe filters (DISMIC 13HP and Millex-LH) and an iminodiacetate chelating resin (Chelex 100, 200-400 mesh), with which trace metals in 50 mL of original seawater sample were concentrated into 0.50 mL of 2 M nitric acid, and then 100-fold preconcentration of trace metals was achieved. Then, 0.50 mL analysis solution was subjected to the multielement determination by ICP-MS equipped with a MicroMist nebulizer for micro-sampling introduction. The preconcentration and elution parameters such as the sample-loading flow rate, the amount of 1 Mammonium acetate for elimination of matrix elements and the amount of 2 M nitric acid for eluting trace metals wasoptimized to obtain good recoveries and analytical detection limits for trace metals. The analytical results for V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, and U in three kinds of seawater certified reference materials (CRMs; CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5) agreed well with their certified values. The observed values of rare earth elements (REEs) in the above seawater CRMs were also consistent with the reference values. Therefore, the compiled reference values for the concentrations of REEs in CASS-3, NASS-4, and NASS-5 were proposed based on the observed values and reference data for REEs in these CRMs. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kandungan logam berat pada 2 spesies Phyllidiella di beberapa pulau Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pencemaran logam berat di Teluk Jakarta saat ini sangat memprihatinkan yang bersumber dari aktivitas daratan utama Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan kandungan logam berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Timbal (Pb) pada Phyllidiella pustulosa dan Phyllidiella nigra di Pulau Pramuka, Pulau Damar Besar dan Pulau Rambut, kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari—Februari 2021. Analisis logam berat dilakukan dengan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectometry (ICP-MS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Cd tertinggi pada Phyllidiella pustulosa terdapat di Pulau Pramuka (681,93±190,38 g/kg) dan Pb tertinggi terdapat di Pulau Damar Besar (4220,82±784,90 g/kg); sementara itu kandungan Cd tertinggi pada Phyllidiella nigra yang hidup di perairan Pulau Pramuka (369,38±156,07 g/kg) dan nilai Pb tertinggi di perairan Pulau Rambut (5553,34±1781,81 g/kg). Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi, kandungan Cd dan Pb pada Phyllidiella pustulosa dan Phyllidiella nigra tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dan memiliki pola yang sama.

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Research about heavy metal content in 2 Phyllidiella species in several islands Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta has been conducted. Heavy metal pollution in Jakarta Bay is currently very concerning that sourced from the activities of mainland Jakarta. The aim of this study was to analyze the heavy metal content of Cd and Pb in Phyllidiella pustulosa and Phyllidiella nigra in Pramuka Island, Damar Besar Island and Rambut Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted in January until February 2021. Heavy metal analysis was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis results showed that the highest Cd heavy metal content in Phyllidiella pustulosa was in Pramuka Island (681,93±190,38 g/kg) and the highest Pb was in Damar Besar Island Besar (4220,82±784,90 g/kg); meanwhile, the highest Cd heavy metal content in Phyllidiella nigra that lived in Pramuka Island (369,38±156,07 g/kg) and the highest Pb value was in Rambut Island (5553,34±1781,81 g/kg). Based on the average and standard deviation value, the heavy metal content of Cd and Pb in Phyllidiella pustulosa and Phyllidiella nigra did not have a significant difference and have the same pattern."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada materi organik dan anorganik spons Spheciospongia vagabunda di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada spons Spheciospongia vagabunda dan menganalisa perbandingan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn yang terdapat pada materi organik dan anorganik spons di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 selama 3 hari. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode jelajah bebas dengan mengambil sampel spons, air, dan sedimen dari 3 stasiun, dengan 3 ulangan untuk masing-masing sampel di setiap stasiun. Analisis logam berat dilakukan dengan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga stasiun, logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada spons Spheciospongia vagabunda yang paling tinggi terdapat di Stasiun 1, dimana logam berat yang paling banyak ditemukan pada spons Spheciospongia vagabunda adalah logam Zn dengan kisaran konsentrasi antara 113,59 ppm—311,41 ppm. Materi organik spons Spheciospongia vagabunda mampu mengakumulasi logam Pb, Cd, dan Zn berturut-turut sebesar 0,28 ppm—1,02 ppm, 1,54 ppm—8,65 ppm, dan 87,22 ppm—144,82 ppm, sementara materi anorganik spons Spheciospongia vagabunda mampu mengakumulasi logam Pb, Cd, dan Zn berturut-turut sebesar 3,36 ppm—4,22 ppm, 0,47 ppm—2,54 ppm, dan 26,36 ppm—166,59 ppm. Berdasarkan Uji Mann Whitney, kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada materi organik dan anorganik spons Spheciospongia vagabunda memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dimana materi organik pada spons Spheciospongia vagabunda memiliki kecenderungan dalam mengakumulasi logam berat lebih besar dibandingkan dengan materi anorganiknya.

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Research about analysis of heavy metal Pb, Cd, and Zn on organic and inorganic materials of Spheciospongia vagabunda in Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta has been conducted. The aim of this study was to analyze the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Zn in Spheciospongia vagabunda and to analyze the comparison of heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, and Zn in organic and inorganic of the sponge in Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Sample collection was conducted in June 2020 for 3 days. The method used was the exploration method by taking samples of sponge, water, and sediment from 3 stations, which 3 replicates of respective were taken from each station. Heavy metal analysis was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS). The results showed that of the three stations, heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the Spheciospongia vagabunda were the highest at Station 1, where the most heavy metal found in Spheciospongia vagabunda was Zn with a concentration range between 113,59 ppm—311,41 ppm. The organic material of Spheciospongia vagabunda was able to accumulate Pb, Cd, and Zn respectively 0,28 ppm—1,02 ppm, 1,54 ppm—8,65 ppm, and 87,22 ppm—144,82 ppm, meanwhile the inorganic material was able to accumulate Pb, Cd, and Zn respectively 3,36 ppm—4,22 ppm, 0,47 ppm—2,54 ppm, and 26,36 ppm—166,59 ppm. Based on the Mann Whitney test, the content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the organic and inorganic material of Spheciospongia vagabunda has a significant difference, where the organic material in Spheciospongia vagabunda has a tendency to accumulate heavy metals greater than the inorganic material."

"This study reported quantifications of fine particle bound trace metals and their potential health risks for residents in guangzhou, a rapidly developing and most populated city in South China...."