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"Meningkatnya angka prevalensi kontrascpsi telah memberikan kontribusi yang bosar bagi penurunan fertilitas yang mantap di Indonesia dan telah berhasil menekan Iaju pertumbuhan penduduk. Narnun tidak semua wanita marnpu mempertahankan ukuran keluarga yang mereka inginkan dengan konsisten. Hal ini mengakibatkan tingginya angka fertilitas tidak di Indonesia. Jika kelahiran anak yang tidak diinginkan dapat dicegah maka seharusnya angka fertilitas di Indonesia akan dapat ditunmkan hingga mencapai 2,2 anak per wanita pada tahun 2007 . Dengan menggunakan data Survei Dcmograii dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2007 (SDKI2007), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pendidikan memiliki peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi keputusan wanita untuk mengalami fenilitas tidak diinginkan. Semalcin tinggi pendidikan wanita semakin kecil peluangnya untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak. Pengaruh pendidikan wanita bekerja melalui penunman preferensi fertilitas, dimana mereka yang menginginkan anak lebih sedildt (0-2 anak) mempunyai peluang yang Iebih kccil untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan Sementara status bekerja wanita dan tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga tidak dapat menjelaskan pengaruh pendidikan terhadap keputusan wanita untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak Dimana wanita yang bekelja cenderung tmtuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan dan semakin tinggi tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga maka semakin cenderung untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Kemampuan wanita untuk mencegah fertilitas tidak diinginkan yang dilihat dari keoepatan wanita untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan olch pendidikan wanita karena mereka yang bcrpendidikan SMP keatas berisiko lebih cepat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Namun kecepatan wanita untuk mcngalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan lebih dapat dijelaskan oieh penurunan preferensi fertilitas dan status bekezja mereka dimana mereka yang menginginkan anak lebih sedikit berisiko lebih laznbat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan demikian pula mereka yang bekerja bedsiko lebih Iambat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Selain itu semakin tinggi tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga semakin bcrisiko lebih lambat untuk mengalami ferlilitas yang tidak diinginkan.

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The increasing of contraceptive prevalence rate had a high contribution for sustain fertility decline in Indonesia Unfortimately, women’s control over reproduction is far from perfect, and, as a consequence, the number of unwanted reproductive events is substantial in Indonesia. If unwanted birth could be eliminated than total fertility rate in Indonesia would be 2,2 children per women rather than 2,6 children per women in 2007.

Using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survei 2007 (IDHS 2007), this research find that women’s education is an important factor in iniluence women’s decision to have unwanted fertility. Women with lower levels of education are more likely to have unwanted fertility than women with higher education. The elfect of women’s education works through the decline of fertility preferences, which women who want large number of children are more likely to have unwanted fertility. While women’s working status and levels of household's wealth can't explain how women’s education work to women’s decision of having unwanted fertility. Which women with working status and women with higher levels of household’s wealth are more likely to have unwanted fertility.

Women's ability to avoid unwanted fertility, which in this research is from the women's speed to have unwanted fertility is clearly can’t explain by women education Women with secondary level of education are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly than women with lower education. Women's ability are more clear to explain with the decline of fertility preferences and women's working status. Women who want large number of children are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly and women with "not working status" are more risk to have unwanted fertility quicldy. While women with lower levels of household's wealth are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly than women with higher levels of household's wealth."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari volatilitas nilai tukar terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke mitra dagang utama, khususnya Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian menggunakan data bulanan mulai Januari 1998 hingga Oktober 2015. Harga komoditas turut menjadi variabel bebas. Indeks volatilitas nilai tukar dihasilkan menggunakan rata-rata bergerak dari standar deviasi pergerakan nilai tukar riil. Estimasi hubungan jangka panjang diperoleh melalui Autoregressive-Distributed Lag ARDL bounds testing, sedangkan hubungan jangka pendek diuji menggunakan metode error-correction-model ECM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas rupiah terhadap yen berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang, sedangkan fluktuasi rupiah terhadap dolar AS secara jangka pendek berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke AS. Harga komoditas relatif kurang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja ekspor Indonesia ke kedua negara, terkecuali pada kasus ekspor jangka panjang ke Jepang.

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This paper investigates the long run and short run impacts of the real exchange rate volatility on Indonesia rsquo s real exports to its major trading partners, namely Japan and the US. The study uses monthly data from January 1998 to October 2015 thus captures the structural break period of the GFC 2008. Commodity price is included as an explanatory variable. The index of exchange rate volatility is generated using moving sample standard deviation of the growth of the real exchange rate. Estimates on the long run cointegration and the short run dynamics are obtained using Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL bounds testing and the error correction model ECM respectively. The findings suggest that bilateral exchange rate volatility reduces Indonesia rsquo s export to Japan. Fluctuation of rupiah against the US dollar helps Indonesia rsquo s export to the US in the short run. The impact of commodity price is negligible, except for the long run export to Japan."

"The Indian reproductive and child health programme is to support couples to avoid unwanted pregnancies and to have the number of children they want, when they want them. In this paper an attempt was made to investigate the concordance between chilbearing intention and fertility behavior and to explore the factors affecting chilbearing intention by comparing the data from the National Family Health Survey-2 (1998-1999) with the John Hopkins University follow-up survey (2002-2003) in two states of rural North India. From The prospective assessment during the inter-survey period it was found that 44.3 percent pregnancies were unintended, comprising of 32.2 percent unwanted and 12.1 percent mistimed. Life course experiences, such as, educational-level, exposure to mass media, working-status, healthcare utilization were found to negate the desire to have additional child. During the inter-survey period, younger womwn faced higher risk of incidence of mistimed pregnancy, while older womwn had more unwanted pregnancy."

"Research has shown that, when Japanese companies go abroad, they continue to apply their distinctive Japanese-style management ? with perhaps some adaptation to local economic and socio-cultural contexts. What has not been researched so far is how inclusive or exclusive Japanese-style management is for those working within the organisation. Based on case studies carried out in eight Japanese companies in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, this paper investigates how Japanese and local managers and employees are either included or excluded by the values, management styles and ways of decision-making prevailing in their company. The evidence not only shows differences in perceptions but also reveals some questionable aspects of Japanese-style management. It seems to be much more exclusive than suggested by either most stereotypical research on or popular understanding of Japanese management."

"Trade liberalization is an excellent opportunity for many firms in a country to export their products. For several years, there have been continuous discussions over what factors influence a company's decision to export. One of the essential factors that companies consider when deciding to export or not is the institutional environment, such as corruption. This study investigates the corruption's impact on firms concerning the export markets. Specifically, this study argues that corruption has a grease effect on the economy and may increase the probability of exporting directly or indirectly. The model's propositions are tested using a comprehensive dataset covering over 2,700 companies in Indonesia in 2009 and 2015 by adopting the probit and logit method. The cross-section and panel regressions confirm that firms are more likely to become exporters if they perceive higher levels of corruption in their home regions. In addition, the intensity of their exporting operations is related to business characteristics such as the firm's age, size, foreign ownership, and access to foreign technologies."