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"Tobacco companies are able to play a crucial role in assisting authorities in combating the illicit trade of tobacco,whether it may be in the form of contributing resources or providing technical assistance...."

"ABSTRAKPEMBINAAN DAN PENGAWASAN TERHADAP PENYIDIK BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL DALAM PEMBERANTASAN PENYALAHGUNAAN DAN PEREDARAN GELAP NARKOTIKAFriska Ernawati, Bambang Widodo Umar, Bambang WahyudiPeminatan Kajian Stratejik Penanganan Narkoba, Program Studi Kajian Ketahanan Nasional, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba, Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaE-mail: friskaerawati@gmail.comAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap penyidik BNN. Penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkotika di Indonesia merupakan ancaman yang sangat serius bagi perkembangan masa depan bangsa. Semakin beratnya tantangan kedepan dalam upaya pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkotika, maka Pembenahan sumber daya manusia menjadi perhatian penting. Pengelolaan yang baik terhadap sumber daya manusia, diharapkan dapat membentuk pribadi penyidik yang mempunyai perilaku dan sikap yang setia dan taat kepada negara dan pemerintah, memiliki moral dan mental yang baik serta professional. Pembinaan pegawai merupakan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan, mengembangkan dan mengarahkan pegawai supaya didalam bekerja dapat menumbuhkan atau menjadi motivasi gairah kerja serta memiliki tanggung jawab yang tinggi terhadap tugas dan fungsi. Kejahatan Narkotika adalah kejahatan lintas negara yang terorganisasi. Disamping itu kejahatan Narkotika dalam penanganannya diperlukan kewenangan khusus sesuai yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, yaitu antara lain pembelian terselubung undercover buy , penyerahan dibawah pengawasan control delivery baik antar wilayah dalam satu negara maupun antar negara, maka diperlukan tambahan pengetahuan dan pengalaman tentang kerja sama penyidikan antar negara. Di samping pembinaan, fungsi pengawasan juga merupakan hal penting dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia.

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ABSTRACTGuidance and supervision of the national narcotics investigator inEradication of Abuse and Illicit Traffic NarcoticsAbstractThis study aims to determine the mechanism of guidance and supervision of BNN investigators. Abuse and illicit traffic Narcotics in Indonesia is a very serious threat to the future development of the Indonesian nation. Given the increasingly tough challenges ahead in efforts to eradicate the abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics, the reform of human resources is of paramount concern. Good management of human resources is expected to form a personal personnel, hope can make investigator person who have behavior and attitude that is faithful and obedient to the state and government, has a moral and mental good, professional. Employees supervision who in principle is an attempt to improve, develop and direct employees so that in work can grow or become motivation of passion of work and have high responsibility to duty and its function. on other case to handle narcotic crimanality need super intendent and it regulated on legistation number 35 year 2009 aboute narcotics. amonge other Undercover Buy, Control Delivery on one Country or other Country, so need more coaching and education betwen agent in other, supervisory functions are also important in human resource management. Supervision is observation or monitoring activities so that the tasks that have been planned to be implemented properly according to plan, and if there are deviations held actions for future improvement "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas efektivitas pelaksanaan kerja sama di tingkat nasional yang menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan pemberantasan peredaran gelap Narkotika dan Prekursor Narkotika. Banyaknya instansi pemerintah dan komponen masyarakat yang bersama-sama dengan BNN dalam mendukung pelaksanaan program BNN, yang secara umum terbagi dalam bidang pencegahan, penegakan hukum, rehabilitasi dan penelitian, membutuhkan pendekatan yang komprehensif, efektif dan efisien. Untuk mengumpulkan berbagai data sekunder digunakan pendekatan Studi Dokumen yang dilanjutkan dengan mengolah data sekunder tersebut menggunakan metode Analisis Kualitatif dan SWOT.Pelaksanaan kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh BNN harus memberikan manfaat baik dari segi program hingga peningkatan kemampuan bagi seluruh komponen bangsa yang bekerja sama dengan BNN. Dampak yang diharapkan melalui pelaksanaan kerja sama tersebut diharapkan dapat semakin memudahkan bagi BNN untuk melaksanakan program pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkotika dan Prekursor Narkotika, termasuk di dalamnya untuk semakin meningkatkan kewaspadaan pada masyarakat terhadap penyalahgunaan Narkotika, terkoordinirnya wadah peran serta masyarakat dalam menciptakan lingkungan anti penyalahgunaan Narkotika, terlaksananya pemutusan jaringan kejahatan terorganisir di bidang P4GN dan pelaksanaan rehabilitasi berbasis komunitas terapeutik maupun metode lain yang telah teruji keberhasilannya dan perawatan lanjutan bagi penyalah guna dan/atau pecandu Narkotika.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of cooperation at the national level which became an integral part in the implementation of the programs of prevention and eradication of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. The large number of the government agencies and community components which work together with BNN in supporting the implementation of the BNN rsquo s program including prevention, law enforcement, rehabilitation and research requires a comprehensive, effective and efficient approach. To collect various secondary data the researcher writer used Document Study approach and then followed by processing the secondary data using Qualitative Analysis and SWOT method.The implementation of cooperation conducted by BNN should give benefits either to program aspect or the improvement of all nation component 39 s ability for all components which have had cooperation with BNN. It is expected that through the implementation of the cooperation BNN will implement the program of prevention and eradication of drug abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics and Precursor of Narcotics easier, to increase the civic awareness on drug abuse, build well improvement of community participation in creating the environment of antidrug abuse, to implement the program of the termination of organized crime syndicates in the field of P4GN, to implement the therapeutic community based rehabilitation as well as other methods that have been tested for success and further treatment for drug abuse and or Narcotics addicts."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlibatan perempuan sebagaikurir dalam peredaran gelap narkotika serta serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktoryang mendorong perempuan terlibat sebagai kurir dalam peredaran gelapnarkotika.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mengandalkan analisis datadeskriptif yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara yang mendalam dengan 8(delapan) informan perempuan dari beberapa tempat yaitu : di LembagaPemasyarakatan Klas IIA Wanita Tangerang, Banten, Rumah Tahanan (Rutan)Klas IIA Wanita Jakarta Timur, Rutan Direktorat Tindak Pidana NarkotikaBareskrim Polri dan Rutan Badan Narkotika Nasional. Data juga diperolehdengan pengamatan dan studi kepustakaan.Keterlibatan perempuan dalam peredaran gelap narkotika, seperti diketahuibahwa perempuan memiliki peranan yang tidak dapat diabaikan begitu saja,karena banyaknya peranan perempuan baik didalam keluarga serta dalamkehidupan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, pendidikan, politik dan agama.Kedudukan perempuan sangat strategis didalam keluarga, khususnya dalammembentuk pribadi-pribadi yang militan, kekuatan seorang perempuan bukanhanya mengubah hidup keluarganya, melainkan juga mengubah sebuah bangsaatau bahkan dunia. Namun kenyataan yang terjadi di lapangan, banyakperempuan yang terlibat dalam peredaran gelap narkotika sebagai kurir.Perempuan sebagai kurir tidak serta merta terjadi, ada sindikat narkotika yangmengendalikan perempuan dengan berbagai modus, ada karena ketidaktahuanmereka, ketergantungan kepada laki-laki yang mempunayi hubungan denganperempuan sebagai suami atau pacar, ada juga karena dititipi barang narkotika.Perempuan terlibat tanpa mengetahui resiko atas tindakannya dan berakhir dalamhukuman di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to describe the involvement of women as couriers in the illicittrafficking of narcotics as well as well as to identify factors that encouragewomen to get involved as a courier in the illicit trafficking of narcotics.This study used a qualitative method that relies on the analysis of descriptivedata obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 (eight) female informant fromseveral places, namely: The Women's Penitentiary Institution Class IIATangerang, Banten, House of Detention Class IIA Women East Jakarta; House ofDetention of Crime Narcotics Directorate of Criminal Investigation Police andthe House of Detention of National Narcotics Board. Data were also obtained bythe observation and study of literature.Women's involvement in the illicit traffic in narcotics, as is well known thatwomen have a role that can not be ignored, because of the role of women bothwithin families and in economic life, social, cultural, educational, political andreligious. Strategic position of women within the family, especially in the form ofmilitant individuals, the power of a woman not only changed the lives of herfamily, but also transform a nation or even the world. But the fact is happeningon the ground, many women are involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotics as acourier.Women as couriers is not necessarily the case, there are narcotics syndicates thatcontrol women with a variety of modes, there because of their ignorance,dependence on a man who has little relationship with the woman as husband orboyfriend, there's also because the goods entrusted narcotics. Women involvedwithout knowing the risks of his actions and ended in penalties in thePenitentiary;This study aimed to describe the involvement of women as couriers in the illicittrafficking of narcotics as well as well as to identify factors that encouragewomen to get involved as a courier in the illicit trafficking of narcotics.This study used a qualitative method that relies on the analysis of descriptivedata obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 (eight) female informant fromseveral places, namely: The Women's Penitentiary Institution Class IIATangerang, Banten, House of Detention Class IIA Women East Jakarta; House ofDetention of Crime Narcotics Directorate of Criminal Investigation Police andthe House of Detention of National Narcotics Board. Data were also obtained bythe observation and study of literature.Women's involvement in the illicit traffic in narcotics, as is well known thatwomen have a role that can not be ignored, because of the role of women bothwithin families and in economic life, social, cultural, educational, political andreligious. Strategic position of women within the family, especially in the form ofmilitant individuals, the power of a woman not only changed the lives of herfamily, but also transform a nation or even the world. But the fact is happeningon the ground, many women are involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotics as acourier.Women as couriers is not necessarily the case, there are narcotics syndicates thatcontrol women with a variety of modes, there because of their ignorance,dependence on a man who has little relationship with the woman as husband orboyfriend, there's also because the goods entrusted narcotics. Women involvedwithout knowing the risks of his actions and ended in penalties in thePenitentiary;This study aimed to describe the involvement of women as couriers in the illicittrafficking of narcotics as well as well as to identify factors that encouragewomen to get involved as a courier in the illicit trafficking of narcotics.This study used a qualitative method that relies on the analysis of descriptivedata obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 (eight) female informant fromseveral places, namely: The Women's Penitentiary Institution Class IIATangerang, Banten, House of Detention Class IIA Women East Jakarta; House ofDetention of Crime Narcotics Directorate of Criminal Investigation Police andthe House of Detention of National Narcotics Board. Data were also obtained bythe observation and study of literature.Women's involvement in the illicit traffic in narcotics, as is well known thatwomen have a role that can not be ignored, because of the role of women bothwithin families and in economic life, social, cultural, educational, political andreligious. Strategic position of women within the family, especially in the form ofmilitant individuals, the power of a woman not only changed the lives of herfamily, but also transform a nation or even the world. But the fact is happeningon the ground, many women are involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotics as acourier.Women as couriers is not necessarily the case, there are narcotics syndicates thatcontrol women with a variety of modes, there because of their ignorance,dependence on a man who has little relationship with the woman as husband orboyfriend, there's also because the goods entrusted narcotics. Women involvedwithout knowing the risks of his actions and ended in penalties in thePenitentiary, This study aimed to describe the involvement of women as couriers in the illicittrafficking of narcotics as well as well as to identify factors that encouragewomen to get involved as a courier in the illicit trafficking of narcotics.This study used a qualitative method that relies on the analysis of descriptivedata obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 (eight) female informant fromseveral places, namely: The Women's Penitentiary Institution Class IIATangerang, Banten, House of Detention Class IIA Women East Jakarta; House ofDetention of Crime Narcotics Directorate of Criminal Investigation Police andthe House of Detention of National Narcotics Board. Data were also obtained bythe observation and study of literature.Women's involvement in the illicit traffic in narcotics, as is well known thatwomen have a role that can not be ignored, because of the role of women bothwithin families and in economic life, social, cultural, educational, political andreligious. Strategic position of women within the family, especially in the form ofmilitant individuals, the power of a woman not only changed the lives of herfamily, but also transform a nation or even the world. But the fact is happeningon the ground, many women are involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotics as acourier.Women as couriers is not necessarily the case, there are narcotics syndicates thatcontrol women with a variety of modes, there because of their ignorance,dependence on a man who has little relationship with the woman as husband orboyfriend, there's also because the goods entrusted narcotics. Women involvedwithout knowing the risks of his actions and ended in penalties in thePenitentiary]"

"This thesis uses general equilibrium model to examine the economic impact of ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) on Indonesia. The analysis covers how price and quantity change in response to tariff liberalization under ACFTA framework. Demand and supply elasticity is needed to calculate welfare effects. Difference-in-differences method is applied to estimate demand elasticity while supply elasticity is calculated through Instrumental Variable (IV) regressions using tariff as an instrument. The results show that Indonesia's demand is elastic enough and supply to Indonesia is fairly elastic. Indonesia consumers are willing to substitute products between different sources due to price changes. ACFTA would increase production quantity for all member countries but had insignificant effect on reducing price of goods. Furthermore, I confirm result from existing literature that trade creation effect is dominated than trade diversion effect."

"[Masyarakat di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Barat – Sarawak telah lama melakukan kegiatan perdagangan lintas batas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari yang kemudian diformalkan dalam bentuk perjanjian bilateral Border Trade Agreement tahun 1970. Pergeseran paradigma ekonomi di wilayah ini menyebabkan berubahnya kepentingan perdagangan lintas batas dari semula bersifat tradisional, hingga kini lebih mirip dengan perdagangan internasional. Sayangnya, potensi ini tidak diakomodasi dengan peraturan hukum yang baik serta sarana dan prasarana yang mapan. Alhasil, kegiatan ekonomi di wilayah perbatasan ini tidak berjalan dengan baik. ASEAN Economic Community 2015 memberikan mandat untuk mendorong liberalisasi perdagangan dengan tujuan meningkatkan perdagangan intra-ASEAN. Perdagangan lintas batas di wilayah perbatasan merupakan salah satu kegiatan utama dari konsep free flow of good dalam perdagangan bebas. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan untuk memberikan analisa terkait implikasi penerapan AFTA dengan bentuk perdagangan lintas batas di wilayah perbatasan saat ini dan kebijakan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah dalam usaha peningkatan perdagangan lintas batas di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Barat – Sarawak. Ditemukan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan lintas batas di wilayah perbatasan akan mendorong integrasi ekonomi regional ASEAN. Pemerintah Indonesia telah berlaku aktif dalam peningkatan perdagangan lintas batas di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Barat – Sarawak dengan ikut serta dalam kerjasama subregional ASEAN dan mengimplementasikkannya ke dalam peraturan nasional.

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Communities in the border region of West Kalimantan - Sarawak has long been conducting border trade to meet their daily needs which are then formalized in the form of Border Trade Agreement in 1970. The shifting economic paradigm in this region led to changes in the interest of border trade from a traditional trade to a more formal international trade. Unfortunately, this potential is not accommodated with legal regulations as well as established infrastructures and facilities. As a result, economic activity in the border region is not going well. ASEAN Economic Community 2015 provides a mandate to promote trade liberalization with the aim of increasing intra-ASEAN trade. Border trade is one of the main activities of the free flow of good concept in free trade. This study will be conducted to provide analysis related to the implications of the of AFTA to border trade in this border region, and policies of the central government and local governments in the efforts to increase border trade in West Kalimantan - Sarawak. It was found that the liberalization of border trade will encourage regional economic integration of ASEAN. The Government of Indonesia has been active in the improvement of border trade in border areas of West Kalimantan - Sarawak by participate in the ASEAN sub-regional cooperation and implement it into national legislation., Communities in the border region of West Kalimantan - Sarawak has long been conducting

border trade to meet their daily needs which are then formalized in the form of Border Trade

Agreement in 1970. The shifting economic paradigm in this region led to changes in the

interest of border trade from a traditional trade to a more formal international trade.

Unfortunately, this potential is not accommodated with legal regulations as well as

established infrastructures and facilities. As a result, economic activity in the border region is

not going well. ASEAN Economic Community 2015 provides a mandate to promote trade

liberalization with the aim of increasing intra-ASEAN trade. Border trade is one of the main

activities of the free flow of good concept in free trade. This study will be conducted to

provide analysis related to the implications of the of AFTA to border trade in this border

region, and policies of the central government and local governments in the efforts to

increase border trade in West Kalimantan - Sarawak. It was found that the liberalization of

border trade will encourage regional economic integration of ASEAN. The Government of

Indonesia has been active in the improvement of border trade in border areas of West

Kalimantan - Sarawak by participate in the ASEAN sub-regional cooperation and implement

it into national legislation.]"

"Pada bulan September 2009, Presiden Obama menandatangani Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Bagian 907 (a) (1) (A)) yang berlaku di Amerika Serikat. Undang-undang tersebut bertujuan untuk menurunkan tingkat perokok muda di kalangan masyarakat AS, dengan melarang produksi dan perdagangan rokok beraroma, termasuk rokok kretek dan rokok beraroma buahbuahan.Setelah dilakukannya pengesahan terhadap UU tersebut, Indonesia mengalami dampak kerugian yang sangat besar terhadap bidang perdagangan,karena hampir 99% rokok kretek yang dijual di AS merupakan produk impor dari Indonesia. Dengan hal ini, Indonesia akhirnya mengajukan klaim kepada Dispute Settlement Body WTO bahwa Amerika Serikat telah melanggar ketentuan WTO mengenai prinsip Perlakuan Nasional (National Treatment). Kemudian, setelah melalui proses penyelesaian sengketa oleh Dispute Settlement Body WTO, maka Indonesia dimenangkan dalam kasus ini, dengan memutus bahwa Amerika Serikat telah melanggar prinsip National Treatment yang terdapat dalam Pasal 2.1 Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement. Prinsip National Treatment mengatur bahwa setiap negara anggota WTO berkewajiban untuk memberikan perlakuan yang sama terhadap produk sejenis, baik yang diproduksinya di dalam negeri maupun yang berasal dari impor negara anggota WTO lainnya. Penelitian ini membahas kesesuaian interpretasi prinsip National Treatment menurut Pasal 2.1 Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement dalam kasus US-Clove Cigarettes (Tobacco Control Act) 2012 dengan pengaturan prinsip National Treatment secara umum dalam ketentuan WTO, sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan beberapa perjanjian WTO yang berkaitan dengan prinsip National Treatment seperti General Agreement on Tariff and Trade1994 dan Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement.

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In June 2009, President Obama signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that applied in United State of America. The Act aiming to reduce the youth smoker in United States America, by banning production and sale of the flavoured cigarettes, including clove cigarettes and fruit flavoured cigarettes. After the ratification of that Act, Indonesia suffered for major losses in the trade area, because almost 99% of the clove cigarettes that sold in United States America is the import product from Indonesia. Because of this treatment, Indonesia filed claim against United States of America to the Dispute Settlement Body WTO, that United States of America has violate the WTO Agreements related to the National Treatment principle. Furthermore, after held the dispute settlement process by Dispute Settlement Body WTO, therefore Dispute Settlement Body WTO ruled that United State of America violate the National Treatment principle in accordance to Article 2.1 Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement. The National Treatment principle requires the State parties to treat no less favourable to imported products than like products of national origin. This thesis discusses the compliance of the interpretation of the National Treatment Principle in WTO case US-Clove Cigarettes (Tobacco Control Act) 2012 with the general regulations on the National Treatment Principle in the WTO, therefore this thesis using the normative juridical research method by utilizing some WTO agreements related to the National Treatment Principle, such as General Agreement on Tariff and Trade1994 and Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement."

"Delapan belas tahun semenjak World Trade Organization/WTO berdiri, telah banyak kebijakan Perdagangan Internasional Negara-Negara anggota WTO yang dinilai Dispute Settlement Body WTO telah melanggar GATT dan perjanjian-perjanjian WTO lainnya. Salah satunya adalah sengketa rokok kretek Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat. Pada tanggal 22 Juni 2009, Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, dimana dalam Sec. 907(a)(1)(A) FSPTCA terdapat aturan mengenai larangan peredaran rokok beraroma (Characterized Flavours) di Amerika Serikat, namun mengecualikan rokok mentol dari larangan ini. Indonesia sebagai Negara pengekspor rokok kretek terbesar di Amerika Serikat mengalami kerugian yang sangat besar akibat pemberlakuan Sec.907(a)(1)(A) FSPTCA dan menilai bahwa pemberlakuan Sec. 907 (a)(1)(A) FSPTCA ini telah melanggar ketentuan dalam GATT dan Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.Didalam skripsi ini dibahas bagaimana pengaturan-pengaturan mengenai hambatan teknis (hambatan non tariff) yang terdapat dalam Agreement Technical Barriers to Trade dan kedudukannya didalam WTO. Dan kemudian secara khusus meninjau apakah keberlakuan Sec. 907 (a)(1)(A) FSPTCA ini telah sejalan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan WTO yang terdapat dalam Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.

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For eighteen year since it is established, the WTO has issued a lot of policies that are deemed by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body to violate GATT and other WTO agreements. One of the said policies are the dispute on kretek / clove cigarettes between Indonesia and the United States of America. In 22nd of June 2009, America has issued an act called Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, where in Section 907 (a)(1)(A) of the act there are rulings about the restriction againts selling characterized flavors cigarrate but excluding methol cigarette from the restriction. As the biggest kretek/clove cigarette exporter in the United States, Indonesia is suffering from a huge loss due to the implementation of the said act specifically Section 907 and assess that this act is a violation towards provision in GATT and Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.

This thesis focuses on how the International Trade Law are implemented in general in GATT/WTO and rules regarding technical barrier (non tariffs barrier) that is in the Agreement Technical Barriers to Trade. And this thesis specifically observe whether or not the validity of Section 907 FSPTCA is in line with the WTO provisions that is in Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade."

"Rahasia dagang merupakan salah satu hak kekayaan intelektual yang semakin populer di kalangan pengusaha. Rahasia dagang dapat diberikan perlindungan sepanjang informasi tersebut terjaga kerahasiaannya dan tidak diungkapkan ke publik. Walaupun begitu, dalam kenyataannya pemilik rahasia dagang mau tidak mau harus mengungkapkan informasi kepada karyawan untuk menunjang kegiatan usaha. Biasanya, dalam suatu perjanjian kerja akan disertakan klausula non-disclosure dan non-competition. Namun, masih terdapat kasus di mana terjadi dugaan penyalahgunaan rahasia dagang oleh mantan karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan rahasia dagang dan efektivitas klausula non-competition dalam kasus dugaan penyalahgunaan informasi oleh mantan karyawan perusahaan kosmetik di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Penulisan ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Tinjauan ini ditujukan untuk membahas isu hukum yang ada dalam rahasia dagang serta pentingnya perlindungan hukum terhadapnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya beban pembuktian dalam proses persidangan serta klausula non-competition dinilai hanya efektif dalam jangka waktu tertentu saja. Klausula ini hanya merupakan upaya dan tidak bisa menjamin terjaganya aspek kerahasiaan. Sedangkan, mantan karyawan akan selalu membawa pengetahuan tersebut dan bisa kapan saja mengungkapkan informasi tersebut. Namun, hendaknya perjanjian disepakati dengan asas berkeadilan untuk menjamin kesejahteraan karyawan agar tidak melanggar hak untuk bekerja.

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Trade secrets are an increasingly popular form of intellectual property among entrepreneurs, providing protection as long as the information remains confidential. However, business operations often necessitate the disclosure of such information to employees, typically managed through non-disclosure and non-competition clauses in employment agreements. Despite these measures, there are still instances where former employees are accused of misusing trade secrets. This study aims to analyze the protection of trade secrets and the effectiveness of non-competition clauses in cases of alleged misuse by former employees in cosmetic companies in Indonesia and the United States. Using doctrinal research methods, this study examines the legal issues surrounding trade secrets and underscores the importance of robust legal protections. The findings highlight the critical role of the burden of proof in court proceedings and reveal that non-competition clauses are only effective for a limited time. These clauses are only efforts to maintain confidentiality but do not guarantee it, as former employees may still disclose the information. However, agreements should be made based on the principle of fairness to ensure employee welfare and prevent violations of the right to work."